VIVA QUESTION FOR CCD

Q1) What Is Cloud Computing/Define Cloud Computing?

 Cloud computing refers to both the applications delivered as services over the
Internet and the hardware and system software in the data-centres that provide
those services.

Q2) Types of cloud computing?

Private Cloud:
 Computing resources are deployed for one particular organization.
 This method is more used for intra-business interactions.
 Where the computing resources can be governed, owned and operated by the same
organization.

Community Cloud: Computing resources are provided for a community and organizations.
Public Cloud:
 This type of cloud is used usually for B2C (Business to Consumer) type interactions.
 Here the computing resource is owned, governed and operated by government, an
academic or business organization.

Hybrid Cloud:
 This type of cloud can be used for both type of interactions: -
 B2B (Business to Business) or B2C (Business to Consumer)
 This deployment method is called hybrid cloud as the computing resources are
bound together by different clouds.
Q3) Advantages of cloud Computing?
Advantages of CCD:
 Cost Savings: Cloud computing reduces the need for investing in physical hardware,
as users can rent computing resources on demand. This cuts down infrastructure
costs significantly.

 Scalability: Cloud resources can be scaled up or down based on demand, which is

ideal for businesses with fluctuating workloads.

 Accessibility: Cloud services can be accessed from anywhere with an internet

connection, providing flexibility and enabling remote work.

 Data Backup and Recovery: Cloud providers offer robust backup and disaster
recovery solutions, which can help protect data and maintain business continuity.

 Automatic Updates: Most cloud providers handle software and security updates,
ensuring that systems are up-to-date and reducing maintenance tasks.

Q4) Disadvantages of cloud computing?

Disadvantages of CCD:
 Internet Dependency: Cloud services rely on internet access. In areas with poor
connectivity or during an outage, accessing cloud resources may be challenging.

 Security and Privacy Concerns: Data stored on the cloud is more vulnerable to
cyberattacks, and sensitive information might be at risk without proper encryption
and access controls.

 Limited Control: Users often have limited control over the infrastructure in a cloud
environment, which can be restrictive for businesses with specific IT requirements.

 Latency Issues: For applications that require high-speed processing or real-time

response, the time taken for data to travel between the user and the cloud server
can be a bottleneck.

 Potential Downtime: Despite high reliability, cloud providers may experience outages
or downtime, which can impact service availability.
Q5) Application of Cloud Computing?
1. Data Storage and Backup: Services like Google Drive and Dropbox allow users to
store, access, and back up data remotely.

2. Web Hosting: Platforms like AWS and Azure provide scalable hosting for websites
and applications.

3. Big Data Analytics: Cloud tools enable processing and analyzing large datasets for
insights, benefiting sectors like finance and healthcare.

4. Software Development and Testing: Cloud environments support coding, testing,

and deployment, reducing setup time for developers.

5. Healthcare: Cloud computing supports electronic health records and telemedicine,

enabling secure data access for doctors and patients.

Q6) What are the layers or services of Cloud computing?

The Layers Or Services Of Cloud Computing:

1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
 What it is: Provides virtualized hardware (e.g., servers, storage) over the internet.
 User Responsibility: Users manage the operating system, applications, and data.
 Examples: AWS EC2, Google Compute Engine.

2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)

 What it is: Provides a platform for building, deploying, and managing applications.
 User Responsibility: Users manage only the application and data.
 Examples: Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure App Services.

3. Software as a Service (SaaS)

 What it is: Provides fully managed software applications accessible online.
 User Responsibility: Users manage preferences and data, while the provider handles
everything else.
 Examples: Google Workspace, Microsoft Office 365.
Q7) Architecture of Cloud computing?
Cloud computing architecture consists of three main parts: Frontend, Backend, and
Networking.
1. Frontend (Client Side):
 This is what the user interacts with, like a web browser or app.
 It includes the user interface and client devices that connect to the cloud.
 Access control, like login screens, ensures secure access to cloud resources.

2. Backend (Cloud Provider Side):

This is where the main processing happens and includes:
 Infrastructure: Servers, storage, and networking hardware.

 Virtualization: Allows multiple users to share resources securely by

creating virtual machines or containers.

 Resource Management: Tools to monitor, manage, and allocate

resources based on demand.

 Security and Backup: Firewalls, encryption, and backup solutions for

data safety and disaster recovery.

The backend is designed to ensure data is processed, stored, and accessed

efficiently and securely.

3. Networking:

 Connects the frontend and backend via the internet.

 Load Balancers: Distribute traffic across servers to prevent overload.
 Firewalls and Routers: Protect the cloud environment from unauthorized
access.

4. Delivery Models:
 IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): Provides raw computing resources.
 PaaS (Platform as a Service): Offers platforms for app development.
 SaaS (Software as a Service): Delivers fully functional applications like Google
Workspace.
Q.8) What are the deployment models in cloud computing, and how do they work?
1. Public Cloud
 Description: Cloud services are provided by third-party vendors and shared among
multiple users.
 Example: AWS, Google Cloud.
2. Private Cloud
 Description: Cloud infrastructure is dedicated to a single organization, offering more
control and security.
 Example: VMware, OpenStack.
3. Hybrid Cloud
 Description: Combines public and private clouds, allowing data to move between
them.
 Example: Microsoft Azure, AWS Hybrid.
4. Community Cloud
 Description: Shared infrastructure for a specific group of organizations with similar
needs.
 Example: Government or healthcare clouds.
Q.9) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using cloud computing?
Advantages:
 Cost Savings: Cloud computing reduces the need for investing in physical hardware,
as users can rent computing resources on demand. This cuts down infrastructure
costs significantly.

 Scalability: Cloud resources can be scaled up or down based on demand, which is

ideal for businesses with fluctuating workloads.

 Accessibility: Cloud services can be accessed from anywhere with an internet

connection, providing flexibility and enabling remote work.

 Data Backup and Recovery: Cloud providers offer robust backup and disaster
recovery solutions, which can help protect data and maintain business continuity.

 Automatic Updates: Most cloud providers handle software and security updates,
ensuring that systems are up-to-date and reducing maintenance tasks.

Disadvantages:

 Internet Dependency: Cloud services rely on internet access. In areas with poor
connectivity or during an outage, accessing cloud resources may be challenging.

 Security and Privacy Concerns: Data stored on the cloud is more vulnerable to
cyberattacks, and sensitive information might be at risk without proper encryption
and access controls.

 Limited Control: Users often have limited control over the infrastructure in a cloud
environment, which can be restrictive for businesses with specific IT requirements.

 Latency Issues: For applications that require high-speed processing or real-time

response, the time taken for data to travel between the user and the cloud server
can be a bottleneck.

 Potential Downtime: Despite high reliability, cloud providers may experience outages
or downtime, which can impact service availability.
Q.10) What is Docker, and why is it used for containerization?
 Docker is the containerization platform that is used to package your application and
all its dependencies together in the form of containers to make sure that your
application works seamlessly in any environment which can be developed or tested
or in production.

 Docker is a tool designed to make it easier to create, deploy, and run applications by
using containers.

 Docker is the world’s leading software container platform. It was launched in 2013 by
a company called Dot cloud, Inc which was later renamed Docker, Inc. It is written in
the Go language.

Q.11) Explain the difference between a Docker container and a virtual machine.

Parameters Docker Container Virtual Machine

Architecture Run on the host operating VM includes a full operating

system and share its kernel, system and runs on a
using isolated user spaces hypervisor (like VMware or
for each container. VirtualBox) that virtualizes
the hardware.
This makes them
lightweight. This makes VMs more
resource-intensive.
Resource Efficiency They share the host OS VM requires its own OS, so
kernel, containers use less they use more resources
memory and CPU, enabling and take longer to boot up
faster start-up times and
efficient resource use.
Example Docker HyperVisor

Q.12) Can you describe the components of a typical data pipeline?

 Data Sources: Where raw data originates (e.g., databases, APIs).

 Ingestion: Collects and imports data into the pipeline.
 Transformation: Cleans and processes data for analysis.
 Storage: Stores processed data in databases or data lakes.
 Analytics/Visualization: Analyzes and visualizes data for insights.
Q.13) What is ETL, and how does it relate to data pipelines?
 Extract, Transform, Load (ETL): This is a widely used pattern for loading data into
data warehouses, lakes, and operational data stores. It involves the extraction,
transformation, and loading of data from one location to another. However, most ETL
processes use batch processing which can introduce latency to operations.

 Both data pipelines and ETL are responsible for transferring data between sources
and storage solutions, but they do so in different ways.

Q.14) What is virtualization?

 Virtualization is technology that you can use to create virtual representations of
servers, storage, networks, and other physical machines.

 Virtual software mimics the functions of physical hardware to run multiple virtual
machines simultaneously on a single physical machine.

 Eg: - Hypervisor is software that creates and runs virtual machines