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NC & CNC

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
17 views16 pages

NC & CNC

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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Dr.

Mahesh M
Assistant professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
NIE Mysuru
 Numerical control is a programmable
automation in which process is controlled by
Numbers, Letters, and symbols.
 Better control of the tool motion under optimum
cutting conditions.
 Improved part quality and repeatability.
 Reduced tooling costs, tool wear and job setup
time.
 Reduced time to manufacture parts.
 Reduced scrap.
 CNC Machining is a process used in the
manufacturing sector that involves the use of
computers to control machine tools like lathes,
mills and grinders.
 To manufacture complex curved geometries in 2D or 3D was
extremely expensive by mechanical means.
 Machining components with high Repeatability and
Precision.
 Unmanned machining operations.
 To improve production planning and to increase productivity.
 To survive in global market CNC machines are must to
achieve close tolerances.
 Input Device: Through input device, part program is
entered into CNC control or MCU (Machine Control
Unit).
 Various input devices are as follows

▪ USB ( Universal serial Bus)

▪ Serial communication through RS-232 cable

▪ Ethernet Communication
 Conventional Programming: A built-in intelligent
software inside the controller enables the operator to
enter step by step data
 MCU or Machine Control Unit : It is the heart of the CNC
system. It consists of the following components.
▪ Central Processing Unit (CPU)

▪ ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

▪ Intermediate Access Memory


 CNC Memory: The memory of CNC is divided into
▪ Main memory. This consists of Read only Memory (ROM) –

stores Operating System (OS) software and machine interface


programs Random Access Memory (RAM) – stores part
programs

▪ Secondary Memory – such as Hard Disks which is used to store


large programs and can be used by main memory when
required
 Input / Output (I/O) Interface :I/O interface establishes
communication between the machine operator, the
components of CNC system and other connected
computers
 Machine Tool Controls : A machine tool consists of
various axes e.g. X,Y,Z,A,B,C and a spindle which rotates
at the designed RPM.
 Driving System : A driving system essentially is made up of
amplifier circuits, drive motors and ball-led screws.
 Feedback Devices: For the accurate operation of a CNC
machine , the positional values and speed of the axes needs
to be continuously updated. This is done by feedback devices.
There are two types of feedback devices
▪ Positional feedback devices

▪ Velocity feedback devices


 Display Unit : This device displays the current status of
operation such as the spindle RPM, the running part
program, the feed rate, position of the machine slide etc.
 It shows the graphic simulation of the paths taken by the
tool.
 The accuracy and repeatability obtained is high.
 Can be easily programmed to handle variety of product styles.
 High volume production compared to conventional machines.
 Even lesser skilled or trained people can operate CNC machines
unlike the conventional ones where highly skilled people are
required.
 CNC Machines can be used uninterruptedly without turning them
off provided regular maintenance is done.
 Avoids errors that were otherwise committed by humans
operating conventional machines.
 Using CNC machines results in a safer work environment since the
operator is not exposed to the machine area during machining.
 CNC Machines can be upgraded to newer technologies by
replacing the existing CNC Control with an advanced one.
 Many CNC Machined can be linked together to a main computer.
Programs can be downloaded to any connected CNC machines.
 A through programming knowledge is required by the operators
or programmers. This again requires skilled programmer and
hence the cost of labor can be high.
 Cost of a CNC Machine is high compared to the conventional
Machines Tools.
 The spares of CNC Machines are relatively costlier than
conventional Machines.
 CNC Machines require air conditioned environment and/or a
chiller unit. Thus extra costs are involved.

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