Scribd
Upload
10 views7 pages

Analyse de Transmission Numérique

Uploaded by

yesmine.chaari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views7 pages

Analyse de Transmission Numérique

Uploaded by

yesmine.chaari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Chapitre 1 : Introduction

The figure illustrates the potential of 5G to revolutionize connectivity and enable a wide
range of new technologies and services.
The three main cornerstones are:

● Extreme Mobile Broadband: Achieves data rates over 10 Gbps, with 100 Mbps
everywhere and 10,000× more traffic capacity.
● Massive IoT: Optimizes networks for billions of low-cost, long-life devices.
● URLLC: Ensures latency below 1 ms with 99.9999% reliability.

5G introduces key technologies to exceed existing mobile networks:

1. New Spectrum: Operates between 400 MHz and 90 GHz, with low bands for
coverage and high bands for capacity.
2. Massive MIMO: Enhances efficiency and coverage, used at higher frequencies.
3. Network Slicing: Creates virtual segments to support different services on the same
network.
4. Dual Connectivity: Combines 5G with LTE (4G kweya) for easier deployment and
improved performance.
5. Cloud & Edge Computing: Enables low latency by bringing content closer to users
through native cloud and edge computing.

The availability of low-frequency spectrum is limited due to existing allocations, propagation


characteristics, and regulatory constraints. This limits the data rates and coverage that can
be achieved using these bands in 5G networks.
(x20)

Global 5G spectrum options


Which of the 3 bands have high penetration ?
-> Mid Band (in closed regions), it is the most used : 3.3GHz

The target values for 5G aim to significantly improve performance over LTE, offering faster
data rates, lower costs, reduced latency, and enhanced energy and spectral efficiency.
These goals are achieved through advanced technologies like massive MIMO, new radio
designs, and optimized network architecture.
5G use cases exhibit a clear relationship between data rate and latency, with
high-performance applications like virtual reality demanding both high data rates (up to 10
Gbps) and low latency (1–10 ms). Conversely, applications such as IoT devices and health
monitoring require lower data rates (10 kbps to 1 Mbps) and can tolerate higher latency (up
to 1 second).

● High data rate, low latency: Ideal for applications requiring real-time interaction and
high-definition data, such as virtual reality and autonomous vehicles.
● High data rate, high latency: Suitable for applications where a slight delay is
acceptable, such as video streaming and online gaming.
● Low data rate, low latency: Used for applications that prioritize reliability and quick
response times over large amounts of data, such as industrial automation and
remote monitoring.
● Low data rate, high latency: Suitable for applications with less stringent
requirements for both data rate and latency, such as basic IoT devices and
environmental sensors.

Chapitre 2 : 5G Targets and Standardization


IMT stands for International Mobile Telecommunications. It is a set of technical specifications
for mobile communication systems developed by the International Telecommunication Union
(ITU).
IMT-Advanced is the technical specification for 4G mobile networks, also known as LTE. It
was introduced in 2010 and provides significant improvements over previous generations of
mobile technology in terms of data rates, latency, and spectrum efficiency.
IMT-2020 is the technical specification for 5G mobile networks. It was introduced in 2019
and represents a major leap forward in mobile technology, offering even higher data rates,
lower latency, and greater capacity than IMT-Advanced.

The NGMN (Next Generation Mobile Networks) 5G architecture consists of three layers:
Business Application, Business Enablement, and Infrastructure Resources. It supports a
diverse range of services, including enhanced mobile broadband, IoT, AR/VR, and smart
cities, while utilizing centralized end-to-end management and virtualization for flexibility. 5G
significantly enhances data rates, latency, and capacity over previous mobile generations,
enabling new applications across various industries and improving existing services like
mobile broadband and healthcare, ultimately transforming daily interactions with technology.

Chapitre 3 : Technology Components

Components of 5G (first column)


FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing):
● In FDD, separate frequency bands are used for uplink (transmission from the device
to the base station) and downlink (transmission from the base station to the device).
● This means that the device can transmit and receive data simultaneously on different
frequencies.
● FDD is commonly used in traditional cellular networks, including 4G LTE.
● Frequencies lower than 3GHz
TDD (Time Division Duplexing):
● In TDD, the same frequency band is used for both uplink and downlink, but the
transmission is time-divided.
● This means that the device and the base station take turns transmitting and receiving
data on the same frequency.
● TDD is more flexible than FDD and can be used to dynamically allocate resources
based on traffic conditions. It is commonly used in 5G networks, especially in higher
frequency bands.
LTE:
● Uses multiple carriers, each with a bandwidth of 20 MHz.
● This results in fragmented spectrum allocation and potentially lower efficiency.
5G:
● Uses a single wideband carrier, typically 100 MHz.
● This allows for more efficient use of spectrum and can provide higher data rates.

There is no flexibility in LTE control channel allocations if we need, for example, to squeeze
down the carrier narrower from one side.
The 5G control channel includes more flexibility, which allows allocation of control channels
in suitable locations in the frequency domain.

Beamforming focuses a signal in a specific direction, improving wireless


performance.
Beamforming, especially with multiple beams (like 8), allows for targeted communication that
enhances performance and reduces interference, while non-beamforming provides a more
generalized approach that may suffer from lower efficiency and quality.
++ senders => ++Beams
Massive MIMO technology uses a large number of antennas with both multiple transmitters
and multiple antenna elements to achieve significant improvements in capacity and
coverage, while also optimizing power consumption and cost.

Beam sweeping refers to the process of scanning different directions to find the optimal
beam direction for a particular user.

● Minimum transmission time: The time required to transmit a single data unit.
● Round trip time: The total time for a signal to travel from the transmitter to the
receiver and back.
● HSPA: 2 ms minimum transmission time and 20-30 ms round trip time.
● LTE: 1 ms minimum transmission time and 10-15 ms round trip time.
● 5G: 0.125 ms minimum transmission time and 1-2 ms round trip time.

Mini-slot in 5G is a small unit of time for data transmission. 5G mini-slots are much smaller
than in previous generations, allowing for faster data transfer. 14 symboles -> 2 symboles

You might also like