Tutorial Sheet -06 (Transformer & Induction Machine)

(Basic Electrical Engineering)

1. Calculate the flux density of the core and the magnetizing current (peak values) for a
6600/400 V, 1-Phase, 50 Hz core-type transformer. The net cross-section of the core is
775 cm2, the length of the mean path of the flux is 250 cm, and there are 378 turns on
the high voltage winding. The magnetization curve is provided below in tabular form:
[Ans: 1.015T, .496A]

B( T) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3
H(AT 62.5 125 187.5 250 312.5 375 500 625 750 900 1200 1500
/m)

2. A 100 kVA, 1100/230V, 50 Hz has an HV winding resistance of 0.1Ω and leakage

reactance of 0.4Ω. The LV winding has a resistance of 6 mΩ and a leakage reactance
of 10 mΩ. Find the equivalent total series impedance referred to the HV and LV sides
and in per unit. [Ans:HV:(0.237+j0.629)Ω; LV: (0.0104+j0.0275)Ω; pu:0.019+j0.052 ]

3. The high and low voltage windings of a 6600 / 250V, 50 Hz, single phase have
resistances of 0.21Ω and 0.272 mΩ and reactance of 1.0Ω and 1.3 mΩ respectively.
Determine the current and the power input when the high voltage winding is connected
to a 400V, 50 Hz supply, the low voltage side being short circuited.[Ans: 206A,17 kW]

4. A 200/400V, 50 Hz, 4 kVA single phase transformer has total equivalent series
resistance and reactance of 0.15Ω and 0.37Ω respectively referred to the LV side. The
core loss resistance and the magnetizing reactances referred to the LV side are 600Ω
and 300Ω respectively. The transformer is supplied for a 200V, 50 Hz supply. For a
high voltage side current of 10A at 0.8 lagging power factor calculate (a) The voltage
at the terminals of the high voltage side, (b) the low voltage side input current and (c)
the efficiency. [Ans: 386V, 20.65A, 96.08%]

5. A short-circuit test when performed on the HV side of a 10 kVA, 2000/400 V, single-

phase transformer give the following data: 60 V, 4 A, 100 watts. If the low voltage side
is delivering full load (i.e. rated current) at 0.8 p.f. lag and at 400 V, find the voltage
applied to HV side. [Ans: 2065.88 V]

6. A 10 kVA, 2500/250 V, single-phase transformer gave the following test results: OC

Test: 250V, 0.8 A, 50W SC Test: 60 V, 3A, 45 W. (a) Calculate the efficiency at ¼, ½,
1 and 5/4 of full load at 0.8 p.f. [Ans: 97.32%, 98.28%, 98.4%, 98.28%]
(b) Calculate the load (kVA output) at which the maximum efficiency occurs and also
the value of maximum efficiency at 0.8 p.f. [Ans: 7.9 kVA, 98.44%]
(c) Compute the voltage regulation and the secondary terminal voltage under rated load
at 0.8 p.f.lagging. [Ans: 2.5%, 243.75 V]
7. A 5 kVA, single-phase transformer has a core loss of 40 watts and full load ohmic loss
of 100 watts. The daily variation of load on the transformer is as follows:

7 AM to 1 PM: 3 kW at p.f. 0.6 lagging

1 PM to 6 PM: 2 kW at p.f. 0.8 lagging
6 PM to 1AM: 6 kW at p.f. 0.9 lagging
1 AM to 7 AM: No Load

Determine the all-day efficiency of the transformer. [Ans: 95.98%]

8. An 11 kV/ 440V, 600 kVA single phase transformer with 0.012 pu resistance and 0.06
pu reactance is connected in parallel with another 11 kV/ 440V, 300 kVA single phase
transformer with 0.014 pu resistance and 0.045 pu reactance to share a load of 800 kVA
at 0.8 lagging power factor. Both the transformers have open circuit secondary voltage
of 440V. Find how they share the load.
[Ans: S1: 485 kVA, 0.777 lagging, S2: 315 kVA, 0.837 lagging]

9. A 3-phase induction motor runs at almost 1,200 rpm at no-load and 1,140 rpm at full
load when supplied with power from a 60 Hz, 3-phase line.
a) How many poles does the motor have?
b) What is the percent slip at full load?
c) What is the corresponding frequency of the rotor voltages?
d) What is the corresponding speed (i) of the rotor field with respect to the rotor? (ii) of
the rotor field with respect to the stator? (iii) of the rotor field with respect to the stator
field?
e) What speed would the rotor have at a slip of 10 percent?
f) What is the rotor frequency at this speed?
[Ans: (a) 6, (b) 5%, (c) 3 Hz, (d) 60 rpm, 1200 rpm, 0, (e) 1080 rpm, (f) 6 Hz,]

10. A 3-phase, Y-connected, 480-V (line-to-line), 30-hp, 60-Hz, 4-pole induction motor
has the following equivalent-circuit constants in ohms per phase referred to the stator:
R1 = 0.24, R’2 = 0.20, X1 = 1.3, X’2 =1.2, Xm = 37.
The total friction, windage and core losses may be assumed constant at 1340W. The
motor connected directly to a 480-V. source. Compute the speed, shaft output torque in
N-m, power in hp, efficiency, stator current and power factor for a slip of 2 percent.
[Ans: 1764 rpm, 95.90 N-m, 23.75 hp, 88.7%, 27.17 A, 0.88 (lagging)]

11. A 460-V, 4-pole, 50-hp, 60-Hz, Y-connected, 3-phase induction motor develops its full-
load induced torque at 3.8 percent slip when operating at 60Hz and 460V. The per phase
impedances of the motor are: R1 = 0.33Ω , 𝑋𝑚 = 30Ω, X1 = 0.42Ω, X’2 = 0.42Ω
Mechanical, core, and stray losses may be neglected in this problem.
a) Find the value of the rotor resistance R’2.
b) Find 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥, s𝑚𝑎𝑥, and the rotor speed at maximum torque for this motor.
c) Find the starting torque of this motor.
[Ans: (a) 0.171 Ω, 0.0068 Ω, (b) 448 N-m, 0.191, (c) 198 N-m]
12. When operated at rated voltage and frequency, a 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor
delivers full load at a slip of 5% and develops a maximum torque of 250% of full load
torque at a slip of 25%. Neglecting core loss and rotational losses and assuming that the
resistances and inductances of the motor are constant, determine the starting torque (at
rated voltage and frequency) of the motor expressed as percentage of the full load
torque. [Ans: 121.67%]

13. A 460V, 100-hp, 4-pole, Δ-connected, 60-Hz, 3-phase induction motor has a full-load
slip of 5 percent, an efficiency of 92 percent, and a power factor of 0.87 (lagging). At
start-up the motor develops 1.9 times the full-load torque but draws 8.5 times the rated
current at the rated voltage. This motor is to be started with reduced voltage.
(a) What should be the reduced supply voltage so that the starting torque is equal to the
rated torque of the motor?
(b) What will be the motor starting current at this voltage? [Ans: (a) 333 V, (b) 716A]
14. A 3-phase induction motor with star-connected rotor has an induced electromotive force
of 60V between slip-rings at standstill on open-circuit with normal voltage applied to
the stator. The resistance and standstill reactance of each rotor phase are 0.6 Ω and 4Ω
respectively. Calculate the current per phase in the rotor:
a) When at standstill and connected to a star-connected rheostat of resistance 5Ω and
reactance 2Ω per phase.
b) When running short-circuited with 4% slip. [Ans: (a) 4.22A; (b) 2.22A]
15. A 500-hp wound rotor induction motor, with its slip rings short-circuited has the
following properties:
Full load slip =1.5%
Rotor I2R at full load torque = 5.69 kW
Slip at maximum torque = 6.0%
Rotor current at maximum torque = 2.82 I2fl, where I2fl is the full load rotor current
Torque at 20% slip = 1.20 Tfl, where Tfl is the full-load torque
Rotor current at 20% slip = 3.95 I2fl
If the rotor-circuit resistance is increased to 5Rrotor by connecting non-inductive
resistance in series with each rotor slip-ring, determine:
a) The slip at which the motor will develop the same full-load torque,
b) The total rotor circuit I2R loss at full-load torque,
c) The horse power output at full-load torque,
d) The slip at maximum torque,
e) The rotor current at maximum torque,
f) The starting torque,
g) The rotor current at starting.
Express the torques and rotor currents in per unit based on their full-load values.
[Ans: (a) 7.5%, (b) 28.45 kW, (c) 470 hp, (d) 30%, (e) 2.82 pu, (f) 1.20 pu, (g) 3.95 pu]