3, Consult others before Communlcating: It's better to get other people involved in making a

conversation plaan before

you talk. subordinates can
help you and being involved with your
get them to
accepttone,
.Use of proper language, you and
and contentParticipating
work withof you.
the message. The content,tone,and language of
the message, as well as the way it is to be sent, are allimportant parts of good communication.
The words used
The message should be easy for the
feelings.
person to understand and not hurt their
other
should be interesting
so that
5. Proper Feedback: The communicator peoplesurewillthewant
can make respond.
talktogoes well by askingquestions about
what was said,
was given mightPeople who
help to makereceive may also be askedto respond. The feedback that
information better
6. Communication for the
the conversation and more responsive.
and the future, In
general, Present as welllas wellas Future: Communicate for both the present
stayconnsistent.
However, communication shhould
is needed to keep up with current responsibilities and
7. Follow up communication also aim at future business goals.
subordinatesCommuni catithem
and go over ons: againimportant
It's
and again.to Such
follow on thegetdirections
through helps
ifollow-up rid of anyyouproblems
give to your
that
might get in the way of following the
8. Good LIstener: Managers need to be directions.
able to
to be patuent and listen carefully. Managers listen well. One way to solve half of the problems 15
must also show that they want to hear what their
employees have to say.
9. Open-minded:People who are communicating must keep an
hide the truth to open mind. They shouldnt try to
benefit themselves. They shouldn't answer untilthey've read and
the whole message. understood
10. Completeness of Message: Aword is only useful if it is
should not be left in the dark. Misunderstandings could delivered
happen.
in its entirety. This person
All the important facts and
numbers are in a full statement.
SUMMARY)
DEFINITION OF DIRECTING
"Directing deals with the steps a manager takes to get subordinates and others to carry out
plans"

FEATURES/CHARACTERISTICS OF DIRECTING
1. Directing initiates action
2. Continuing function
3. Directing takes place at every level
4. Directing flow from top to bottom
5. Performance oriented
6. Human element

IMPORTANCE OF DIRECTING
1. Initiate action
2. To integrate employees' efforts
3. Means of
motivation
4. Balance in
organisation
5. To facilitate change

Directing 189)
 MASLOW'sNEED

ELEMENTS OF DIRECTING
PhysiologicalIneedsHIERARCHY THEORY
Safetyor Security Needs
following elemens Social or Afiliation
Elements of Directing. Directing includes the 4 EsteemNeeds Needs
1. Supervision
self-actualisation Needs
2. Motivation (willto work)
3. Leadership
4. Communication FINANCLAL INCENTIVES
Pay and allowance
to
SUPERVISION operatingaccording the organisation's 2. Profitsharing
ensure that theyyare 3. Co-partnership/stock option
Overseeing the work ofsubordinates to
plans and policies. 4.Bonus
5, Commíssion
6. Perks
IMPORTANCE OF SUPERVISION Productivity.linked wage
1. Interpersonal contact with
workers 8. Retirement benefits incentives
2. Link between workers and management
3. Promotes group unity
NON-MONETARY INCENTIVES
4. Helps in improving performance
1. Status
5. Provides training to the employees
6. Influences workers 2. Organisational Climate
7. Provides feedback 3, Career advancement
4. Job enrichment
5. Employees' recognition
MOTIVATION their abilities
inspiringemployees to perform to the best of 6. Job security
Motivation is the process of encouragingand 7. Employees' participation
toachieve organisational goals. 8. Autonomy
LEADERSHIP
FEATURES OF MOTIVATION
Leadership is the process of influencing the behavior of individuals to achieve organisational goals.
1. Motivation is a psychological phenomenon
2. Motivation produces goal oriented behaviour
3. Motivators can be positive as well as negative IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP
4. Motivation is acomplex process 1. Inspires employees
5. Motivation is a dynamíc and continuous process 2. Psychological support
3. Helps in implementing changes
4. Handles conflicts effectively
IMPORTANCE OF MOTIVATION 5. Development of individuals
1. Improves performance level
2. Changing negative attitude to positive attitude
DIFFERENT STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
3. Reduce employee turnover
1. Authoritative leadership
4.Reduce absenteeism
2. Democratic leadership
5.Introduces changes smoothly 3. Laissez Faire leadership
190) Business Studies Volume I Directing (191
 command
4. Unity of
information to reach a Apppropriateness
of
and share common 4,
direction
finformal organization technique
COMMUNICATION 6. Managerial communication
peoplecreate
Communication is a process by which Use of
understanding. 7. Leadership
e. Follow thorugh
IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION
1. Acts as a basis of coordination
2. Helps in smooth working of an enterprise
Meaning
MIND MAP
3. Acts as a basis of decision making
4. Increases managerial efficiency Meaning: It () Maintaíns relations with workers
peace Directing means gIVing instructions and means instructing, () Maintains unity among workers
5. Promotes cooperation and industrial guiding people in doing work. guiding, monitoring (itt) Link between workers & management
6. Establishes effective leadership &observing the (iv) O-the-job training to workers
7. Boosts morale and provides
motivation employees while (v) Ensures achievement of targets
Characteristicsof directing they are performing (ví) Analyses performance & gives feedback
jobs in the
(a Directing initiates action
TYPESOF COMMUNICATION official
communication
that occurs Directing takes place at every level of organisation. Importance of Supervisor
communication refers to
1. Formal Communication: Formal managenment
(#) Directing is a continuous process Supervision
withín an organisation. communication refers to
unofficial communication that h) Directing flows from top to bottom
2. Informal Communication: Informal
occurs as a result of social interaction. Directing
Importance of Directing
() To Initiate action
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION Leadership
(i) To Integrate employee's eforts
1. Semantic Barriers
(ii) Means of Motivation Meaning: t is the prOcess of infituencing the behaviou of
2. Psychological barriers people at work towards the achievement of a specified goal.
(iv) Bring stability and balance in the
3. Organisational barriers organisation
(v) To facilitate change Features of leadership
4. Personal barriers
() Indicates the ability of an individuai to infiuence others
IMPROVING COMMUNICATION EFFECTIVENESS Principles of Directing () Tries to bring change in the behaviour
(ii) Indicates interpersonal relations b/w leaders & followers.
1. Clarify the idea before communicating () Maximum individual contribution
(iv) Continuous Process
2. Communication according to the need of the receiver (i) Harmony of objectives
3. Consult others before communicating (üi) Unity of Command
(iv) Appropriateness of direction technique Importance of Leadership
4. Use of proper language, tone, and content of the message. (v) Managerial communication
5. Proper feedback () Makes people to contr+bute positively
(vi) Use of infomal organisation (t) Clarifies &inspires to accept changes
6. Communication for the present as wellas wellas future (vii) Leadership (t) Provides confidence &support to employees
7. Follow up communications l(vii) Follow through
(iv) Manages conftict
8. Good listener () Trains subordinates
9. Open-minded Elements of Directing
10. Completeness of message Leadership Styles
() Supervision
() Motivation () Autocratic or Autboritarian leader
PRINCIPLES OF DIRECTING (iny Leadership (i) Democratic or Participative leader
(iv) Communication (üo) Laissez faire or Free-rein leader
1. Maximum individual contribution
2. Harmony of objectives

192) Business Studies Volume Directing 193

 Communication

Or
transmission exchange of ideas.
Directing Defined as the information, or instructions
views, messages,
morc persons by differcnt means.
between two or
Process
Motivation Elements of Communication
Encoding, Media, Decoding,
Meaning: It means incitement or inducement to Sender, Message, & Noise
act or move. Receiver, Feedback,

Features of MotBvation
Importance of Communication

of coordination.
() Itis an internal feeling (i) Acts as basis working of an enterprise
(i) Itproduces goal directed behaviour (ii) Helps in smoothdecision making, etc.
(i) It can be either positive or negative. (iii) Acts as basis of
(iv) It is a complex process
Types of Communication

Importance of Motivation It means Official

Formal Communication:
the people
communication at official peace b/w
other.
to each
() It helps to improve performance who are officially related
Communication: It means Without
(ii) Ithelps to change negative or indifferent Informal
organisational structure.
attitudes of employees to positive attitudes following a formal line of
(iin) Ithelps to reduce employee turnover
(iv) Ithelps to reduce absenteeism
(v) It helps managers introduce change

Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory of Motivation

() Basic Physiological Needs Barriers to Communication

(i) Safety/Security Needs
(ii) Affiliation/Belonging Needs
(iv) Esteem Needs Organisational Barriers
Semantic Barriers
(v) Self Actualisation Needs

Badly expressed message, Organisational policy,

Financial Incentives
Symbols with different Rules and regulations,
meanings, Faulty translations, Status, etc.
wage
Pay and allowances, Productivity linked Unclarified assumptions,
incentives, Bonus, etc. Technical jargon, etc. Personal Barriers

Non-Financial Incentives Psychological Barriers Fear of challenge to

authority, Unwillingness to
Premature evaluation, Lack of
communicate, etc.
Status, Job Enrichment, Job security, etc. attention, Distrust, etc.

194) Business Studies Volume I