Half-yearly exam 2024-25

Class 11th

Answer key- Chemistry (043)

Max marks 70

Time 3 hour

General Instructions: Read the following instructions

carefully.

(a) There are 33 questions in this question paper with

internal choice.

(b) SECTION A consists of 16 multiple -choice questions

carrying 1 mark each.

(c) SECTION B consists of 5 short answer questions

carrying 2 marks each.

(d) SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions

carrying 3 marks each.

(e) SECTION D consists of 2 case - based questions

carrying 4 marks each.

(f) SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions

carrying 5 marks each.

(g) All questions are compulsory.

(h) Use of calculators is not allowed.

SECTION A

The following questions are multiple -choice questions

with one correct answer. Each question carries 1 mark.
There is no internal choice in this section
1. What’s the radius of 1st orbit of He+ atom?
a) 0.1058 nm
b) 0.2156 nm
c) 0.00529 nm
d) 0.02645 nm

Answer: d
Explanation: The atomic radius of an atom is given by the
formula rn = 52.9n2/Z pm, where rn is the radius of nth
orbit of an atom and Z is the atomic number of that atom.
For He+, n = 1 and Z =2. Radius = 52.9(1)/2 pm = 0.02645
nm.
Q2. . A ball of mass 0.5kg is moving with velocity 6.626
m/s. What’s the wavelength of that ball?
a) 1 x 10-34 m
b) 2 x 10-34 m
c) 2 x 10-32 m
d) 2 x 10-3 m

Answer: b
Explanation λ = h/p. Here h is Planck’s constant, whose
value is 6.626 x 10-34 J/s. Wavelength = h/mv = 2 x 10-
34 m (momentum p = mass m x velocity v).
Q3. If the uncertainties in position and momentum are
equal, then the uncertainty in position is given by ____
a) √h/4π
b) √h4π
c) √h/4
d) √h/π

Answer: a
Explanation: As we know, Heisenberg’s principle of
uncertainty states that
Δx. Δp ≥ h/4π,
x is position, p is momentum and ―h‖ is the Planck’s
constant
. Δx = Δp;
Δx. Δx = h/4π;
Δx = √h/4π
Q4. The principal quantum number describes ____
a) energy and size of the orbit
b) the shape of the orbital
c) spatial orientation of the orbital
d) the spin of the electron

Answer: a
Explanation: Among the four quantum numbers, the
principal quantum number describes the size and energy
of the orbit. It is represented by the symbol ―n‖. For shells,
K, L, M, N and O, n is given by 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Q5. The period’s number corresponds to the highest
_________
a) Azimuthal quantum number
b) Spin quantum number
c) Magnetic quantum number
d) Principal quantum number

Answer: d
Explanation: As seen in the most convenient and widely
used periodic table of the long-form that is the modern
version, the horizontal rows that depict period number
represent the highest principal quantum number of the
atoms in the period.
Q6. Which of the following period is the shortest one?
a) 1
b) 3
c) 2
d) 4

Answer: a
Explanation: The first period is known as the shortest
period among the seven periods of the periodic table this
is because it contains only two elements; one of the two
elements is hydrogen which belongs to alkali metal group
and the other is the Helium which is a noble gas
Q7. In the modern long-form of periodic table, the
horizontal rows and the vertical columns are called as
__________ and ___________ respectively.
a) groups, periods
b) periods, groups
c) rows, columns
d) columns, rows

Answer: b
Explanation: In the most convenient and widely used
periodic table of the long-form that is the modern version,
the horizontal rows and the vertical columns are called as
periods (series as per Mendeleev) and groups respectively.
Q8. _________ has both the characteristics of Alkali metals
and halogens.
a) Helium
b) Chlorine
c) Sodium
d) Hydrogen

Answer: d
Explanation: As per the outer shell configuration of
hydrogen (that is 1s1), it has only one electron in s-orbital
making it eligible as an Alkali metal. It requires only 1
electron to obtain a noble gas configuration, which is a
characteristic of halogen
Q9. The p-block elements along with s-block elements are
called as ________ elements.
a) Inner transition
b) Representative
c) Radioactive
d) Transition

Answer: b
Explanation: The p-block elements comprise of elements
from group-13 to group-18 while s-block elements are
1st and 2nd groups. They two together form
―Representative elements‖ or ―Main group elements‖.
Q10.Which of the following is correct regarding repulsive
interaction?
a) Lone pair-Lone pair is greater than Lone pair-Bond pair
is greater than Bond pair-Bond pair
b) Lone pair-Lone pair is less than Lone pair-Bond pair is
less than Bond pair-Bond pair
c) Lone pair-Bond pair is greater than Lone pair-Lone pair
is greater than Bond pair-Bond pair
d) Lone pair-Lone pair is greater than Lone pair-Bond pair
is less than Bond pair-Bond pair

Answer: a
Explanation: The repulsive interactions follow the above
order. The lone pairs are localized on the central atom,
each bonded pair is shared between two atoms. So, the
lone pair electrons in a molecule occupy more space as
compared to the bonding pairs of electrons.
Q11. What is the shape of the molecule NH3?
a) Square pyramidal
b) V-shape
c) Triagonal pyramidal
d) Tetrahedral

Answer: c
Explanation: The molecule NH3 has a lone pair and 3 bond
pairs. As we know that the repulsion order is as follows:
Lone pair-Lone pair is greater than Lone pair-Bond pair is
greater than Bond pair-Bond pair. So the shape of
molecule NH3 is trigonal pyramidal, where the lone pair is
away from the 3 bond pairs.
Q12. The angle between two bonds in a linear molecule is
_______
a) 108°
b) 180°
c) 74.5°
d) 90°

Answer: b
Explanation: A linear molecule has a hybridization sp, in
which the bonds between the central atom and other
atoms are separated by 180°. For example, let’s take
carbon dioxide, it’s shape is given by O=C=O.
Q13. The orbitals that are resulted from sp hybridization
have _______% s-character and ________% p-character.
a) 25, 75
b) 75, 25
c) 20, 80
d) 50, 50

Answer: d
Explanation: When one s-orbital and p-orbital undergo
hybridization, 2 sp orbitals are formed. One sp-orbital has
50% s-character and 50% p-character. They possess linear
geometry and it’s also called diagonal hybridization.
Q14. What do you think is the number of sigma bonds in an
ethene molecule?
a) 6
b) 7
c) 4
d) 5

Answer: d
Explanation: The formula of ethene molecule is C2H4.
There is one sigma bond between two carbon atoms and 2
sigma bonds between each of the carbon and the
hydrogens. So ,in total, it’s five (one pi-bond is present
between the 2 carbon atoms).
Q15. Which of the following statement is true regarding
hybrid orbitals?
a) The number of orbitals formed after the hybridization is
not equal to the number of orbitals before hybridization
b) The hybrid orbitals don’t have equal energy
c) They can form more stable bonds than the pure orbitals
d) Hybridization doesn’t indicate geometry

Answer: c
Explanation: The true statements of the incorrect ones are
the number of orbitals formed after the hybridization is
equal to the number of orbitals before hybridization, the
hybrid orbitals have equal energy and the hybridization
indicates geometry.
Q16. Mention the types of orbitals that undergo
hybridization in order to get octahedral geometry?
a) s-orbital only
b) s-orbital and p-orbital
c) s-orbital, p-orbital, and d-orbital
d) d-orbital and p-orbital
Answer: c
Explanation: Octahedral geometry is possible when the
atomic orbitals under undergoing sp3d2 or
d2sp3 hydration only. So it involves one s-orbital, three p-
orbitals, and two d-orbitals. An example of this is SF6.
SECTION B
(2 MARKS)
Q17.Dinitrogen and dihydrogen react with each other to
produce ammonia according to the following chemical
equation:(i) N2 (g) + 3H2(g) —–> 2NH3 (g)
1 mark
(ii) Will any of the two reactants remain unreacted?
0.5 mark
(iii) If yes, which one and what would be its mass?
0.5 mark

Answer:

Q18.Calculate the oxidation number of phosphorus in the

following species.

(a) HPO32- 1 mark

(b) PO43- 1 mark

Answer:
 1. Let the oxidation number of phosphorus in HPO32- be
x.
H + P + 3O2-

⇒ +1 + x + (-2)×3 = -2

⇒ +1 + x – 6 = -2

⇒ x – 5 = -2

⇒x=–2+5

⇒ x = +3 1 mark

Thus, the oxidation number of phosphorus is +3.

Let the oxidation number of phosphorus in PO43-

be x.
PO43-

⇒ x + 4 ×(-2) = -3

⇒ x = -3 + 8 = +5

⇒ x = +5 1 mark

Thus, the oxidation number of phosphorus is +5.

Q19. What is the difference between the terms orbit and

orbital?

Answer.

Orbit Orbitals
 An orbital refers to the
dimensional motion of an
electron around the nucleus
An orbit is the simple planar in a three-dimensional
representation of an electron. motion.

It can be simply defined as the An orbital can simply be

path that gets established in a defined as the space or the
circular motion by revolving the region where the electron is
electron around the nucleus likely to be found the most.

The shape of molecules cannot The shapes of the molecules

be explained by an orbit as they can be found as they are
are non-directional by nature. directional by nature.

An ideal orbital agrees with

An orbit that is well-defined goes the theory of Heisenberg’s
against the Heisenberg principle. Principles.

2 mark for any two differences

Q20. Calculate the wavelength of an electron moving with
a velocity of 2.05 × 107 m s-1.
Answer:
(0.5 for formula ,1 marks value putting,0.5 for ans with
unit)

Q21. Predict the shapes of the following molecules on the

basis of hybridization.
BCI3, CH4, CO2, PH3

Answer.

(0.5 or each correct ans)

 BCI3 has trigonal planar structure.

 CH4 has tetrahedral structure.
 CO2 has linear structure.
 PH3 has pyramidal structure.

SECTION C

(3 MARKS EACH)
Question 22.In three moles of ethane (C2H6), calculate the
following:
(i) Number of moles of carbon atoms

(ii) Number of moles of hydrogen atoms

(iii) Number of molecules of ethane
Answer: ( 1 marks for each correct ans)

(i) 1 mole of C2H6 contains 2 moles of carbon atoms

.•. 3 moles of C2H6 will C-atoms = 6 moles
(ii) 1 mole of C2H6 contains 6 moles of hydrogen atoms
.•. 3 moles of C2H6will contain H-atoms = 18 moles

Q23. Balance the following redox reaction by ion-electron

method.
MnO4–(aq) + S02(g) ——-> Mn2+(aq) +HS04–(in acidic solution)
ANS
(3 marks for step wise balanced eq)
The balanced half reaction equations are:
Oxidation half equation:
S02(g) + 2H2O(l) ——–> HS04– (aq) + 3H+(aq) +2e–
…(i) 3-Marks

Q24. In astronomical observations, signals observed from

the distant stars are generally weak. If the photon
detector receives a total of 3.15 x 10-18 J from the
radiations of 600 nm, calculate the number of photons
received by the detector.
Answer:

(Formula 1 marks ,value putting ,calculation 1.5 marks

,ans 0.5 marks)

Q25. Identify the group and valency of the element having

atomic number 119. Also, predict the outermost electronic
configuration and write the general formula of its oxide.

Answer.

For element having atomic number 119:

Group – 1, Valency – 1, ( 1 marks each)

Outermost electronic configuration – 8s1 .( 0.5 marks)

and the general formula of the oxide will be

M2O.( 0.5 marks)

Q26. What do you understand by isoelectronic species?

Name a species that will be iso electronic with each of
the following atoms or ions.
(i) F–

(ii) Ar

(iii) Mg2+

(iv) Rb+
Answer: Isoelectronic species are those species
(atoms/ions) which have same number of
electrons. 1 marks

The isoelectronic species are:

(i)Na+ (iii) Na+
(ii)K+ (iv) Sr2+

0.5 marks each

Q27 Give reasons for the following:

(i) Covalent bonds are directional bonds while ionic bonds

are nondirectional.

(ii) Water molecule has bent structure whereas carbon

dioxide molecule is linear.

(iii) Ethyne molecule is linear.

Answer.

1 marks each
(i) A covalent bond is formed by the overlapping of half-
filled atomic orbitals with definite directions, i.e., shared
electron pair/pairs are localised between two atoms. As a
result, a covalent bond is also known as a directional
bond. Since each ion in an ionic compound has an
influence in all directions, it is surrounded by a number of
oppositely charged ions with no definite direction and,
therefore, is non-directional.

(ii) The central oxygen atom in water is sp3 hybridised,

whereas the central carbon atom in CO2 is sp-hybridised.
The net dipole moment of CO2 is zero, whereas H2O has a
significant value. This demonstrates that CO2 has a linear
structure, whereas water has a bent structure.

(iii) Each carbon atom in ethyne is sp-hybridized, resulting

in a linear structure.

Q28. Define Octet rule. Write its significance and

limitations.
Answer: 1 marks each

Octet rule: Atoms of elements combine with each other in

order to complete their respective octets so as to acquire
the stable gas configuration.
Significance: It helps to explain why different atoms
combine with each other to form ionic compounds or
covalent compounds.
Limitations of Octet rule:

 According to Octet rule, atoms take part in

chemical combination to achieve the
configuration of nearest noble gas elements.
However, some of noble gas elements like Xenon
have formed compounds with fluorine and
oxygen. For example: XeF2, XeF4 etc.
 Therefore, validity of the octet rule has been
challenged.
 This theory does not account for shape of
molecules.

SECTION D (CASE STUDY)

4 MARKS EACH

Q29.Read the given passage and answer the questions

that follow based on passage and related studied
concepts.

Orbitals are region or space where there is maximum

probability of finding electrons. Qualitatively, these
orbitals can be distinguished by their size, shape and
orientation. An orbital of small size means there is more
chance of finding the electron near the nucleus. Shape
and orientation means the direction in which probability of
finding electron is maximum. Atomic orbitals can be
distinguished by quantum numbers. Each orbital is
designated by three quantum numbers n, l and ml
(magnetic quantum number) which define energy, shape
and orientation but these are not sufficient to explain
spectra of multi-electrons atoms. Spin quantum number
determines the spin of electron. Spin angular momentum
of electron has two orientations relative to chosen axis
which are distinguished by spin quantum numbers which
can take values +1/2 and –1/2. Value of 'l' 0 1 2 3 4
Notation for subshell s, p, d ,f ,g

Do any four parts

(1 marks each)

(a) How many orbitals are associated with n = 3?

Ans. 9 orbitals
(b) Describe the orbitals represented by

(i) n = 2, l = 1

(ii) n = 4, l = 0.

Ans. (i) 2p

(ii) 4s

(c) How many electron are possible in an orbital? Why?

Ans. Orbital can have maximum two electron which must

be of opposite spin.

(d) What is shape of 's' and 'p' orbitals?

Ans. 's' orbitals are spherical and 'p' orbitals have dumb-
bell shaped.

(e) Name two d-orbitals which are on axis.

Ans. dx2–y2, dz2

1x4=4 marks each

Q30.Read the passage and answer the questions that

follow:

1 mark each

The atomic and ionic radii decrease with increase in

atomic number along a period from left to right. Atomic
size and ionic size increases down the group. Ionisation
enthalpy decreases down the group and increases along a
period from left to right. It also depends upon shielding
effect as well as stability of electronic configuration.
Electronegativity decreases down the group but increases
along the period.
(a) Arrange the elements of second period in increasing
order of first ionisation enthalpy.

Ans. Li < B < Be < C < O < N < F < Ne.

(b) Name the elements which belong to d-block but are

not transition metals.

Ans. Zn, Cd, Hg.

(c) Select the amphoteric oxides among the following:

NO, B2O3, ZnO , CO2, Al2O3

Ans. ZnO and Al2O3

(d)Name the main group to which Alkali metal element

belong. Why are they called alkali metals?

Ans. Group 1, as they form soluble bases.

1 mark each

SECTION E

LONG ANS TYPE Questions

5 MARKS EACH

Q31. (a)Which out of NH3 and NF3 has higher dipole

moment and why?

(b)Describe the change in hybridisation (if any) of the Al

atom in the following reaction. AlCl3 + Cl– ——> AlCl4- .

(c) What is the total number of sigma and pi bonds in the

following molecules?
(a) C2 H2 (b) C2 H4
Answer: (a)In NH3 > NF3 1 mark

In NH3, the dipole moments of the three N—H bonds are in

the same direction as the lone pair of electron. But in NF3,
the dipole moments of the three N—F bonds are in the
direction opposite to that of the lone pair. Therefore, the
resultant dipole moment in NH3 is more than in NF3.

1 mark

(b) Electronic configuration of 13Al =

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 3px13py1
(excited state)
Hence, hybridisation will be SP2
In AlCl–4, the empty 3pz orbital is also involved. So, the
hybridisation is sp3 and the shape is tetrahedral.

1 mark

Answer ( c): (a) H—C = C—H

Sigma bond = 3 Π bonds = 2

2 marks

Q32. (a)Distinguish between a sigma bond and a pi bond.

2 marks

(b)Compare the relative stability of the following species

and indicate their magnetic properties: O2, O2+, O2–
(Superoxide), O22- (peroxide)
(1+2) marks

a) Answer:

2 marks

b) Answer: O2— Bond order = 2, paramagnetic

O2+— Bond order = 2.5, paramagnetic
O2–— Bond order = 1.5, paramagnetic
O22- — Bond order = 1, diamagnetic

(0.5x4=2 marks)

Order of relative stability is

O2+ > O2 > O2– > O22- -- 1 mark
(2.5) (2.0) (1.5) (1.0)

Q33. (a) The velocity associated with a proton moving in a

potential difference of 1000 V is 4.37 x 105 m s-1. If the
hockey ball of mass 0.1 kg is moving with this velocity,
calculate the wavelength associated with this velocity.

2 marks

(b) Among the following pairs of orbitals, which orbital will

experience more effective nuclear charge

(i) 2s and 3s

(ii) 4d and 4f
(iii) 3d and 3p?

3 marks

Answer:

a) (Formula, value putting, Ans with unit 0.5,1,0.5 marks)

b)
Greater the penetration of the electron present in a
particular orbital towards the nucleus, more will be the
magnitude of the effective nuclear charge. Based upon
this,
(i) 2s electron will experience more effective nuclear
charge.
(ii) 4d electron will experience more effective nuclear
charge.
(iii) 3p electron will experience more effective nuclear
charge.

1 mark each