BASIC MATHEMATICS DPP -01

1. Find all real numbers x which satis fy the equation

2 log 2 log 2 x + log 1 / 2 log 2 (2 2 x) = 1.
Ans. x=8
Sol. 
2 log 2 log 2 x + log 1 / 2 log 2 2 2 x = 1   log 2 (log 2 x) 2 –log 2 log 2 2 2x 
=1
 log2 x 2 log2 x 2
 log 2 = 1  = 2

log2 2 2 x  3
2
 log2 x
let log 2 x = y
 y 2 – 2y – 3 = 0  (y – 3) (y + 1) = 0
 y = 3, –1  log 2 x = 3, –1,
but log 2 x > 0
 log 2 x = – 1 is not possible
 x = 8

2. Solve the equat ion log 3 / 4 log 8 (x 2 + 7) + log 1 / 2 log 1 /4 (x 2 + 7) 1 =  2

Ans. x = 3 or ;k – 3
Sol. log 3 / 4 log 8 (x 2 + 7) + log 1/ 2 log 1 / 4 (x 2 + 7) 1 =  2
2
1 log2 (x  7)
 log 3 / 4 log 2 (x 2 + 7) – log 2 =  2
3 2
let log 2 (x 2 + 7) = t
t t t  t 
 log 3 / 4 – log 2 + 2 = 0  log 3 / 4 + 1 –  log2  1 = 0
3 2 3  2 
t t t
 log 3 / 4 = log 2   = 1  t = 4
4 4 4
 log 2 (x 2 + 7) = 4
this giv es x = ± 3

3. Let (x0, y0) be the solution of the following equations

(2x)n2 = (3y)n3
3nx = 2ny .
Then x0 is

1 1 1
(A) (B) (C*) (D) 6
6 3 2
Ans. (C)
Sol. (2x)n2 = (3y)n3
 n2 n(2x) = n3 n(3y) = n3 (n3 + ny) ......... (1)
also 3nx = 2ny
 nx n3 = ny n2 ......... (2)
 nxn3 
by (1)  n2 n(2x) = n3 (n3 + ny)  n 2 . n (2x) = n3 n3  
 n2 
 n22 n2x = n23 (n2 + nx)  
 n2 2  n2 3 (n2x) = 0  n2x = 0  x =
1
2
 
1 1 1 1
4. The value of 6  log 3  4– 4– 4– ....  is
 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 
2  
Sol. Ans (4)
 1 1 1 1
Let 4– 4– ....... = t  4– t=t 4 – t = t2 
3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
1 –1  1  4  3 2  12 2
t2 + t – 4 = 0  3 2 t2 + t – 12 2 = 0  t= =
3 2 23 2
–1  17
23 2
16 –18 8 –3 –3
t= ,  t= , and is rejected
6 2 6 2 3 2 2 2
 1 8  4   2 2 
so 6 + log3/2    = 6 + log3/2   = 6 + log3/2     =6–2=4
3 2 3 2  9  3  
 
5*. If 3x = 4x – 1 , then x =

2log3 2 2 1 2log2 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2log3 2 – 1 2 – log2 3 1– log4 3 2log2 3 – 1
Sol. (A, B, C)
3x = 4x–1  x = (x – 1) log34  x(1 – 2log32) = – 2log32 
2log3 2
 x= Ans. (A)
2log3 2 – 1
2
Again iqu% x log23 = (x – 1) · 2  x (log23 – 2) = – 2 x = Ans. (B)
2 – log2 3
1 1
x=  Ans.(C)
1 1– log4 3
1– log2 3
2
6. Find the value of (log312)(log372) – log3(192).log36

Ans. 1
Sol. log3(22.3) . log3(23. 32) – log3(26. 31)log3(2 . 3)
= (2log32 + 1)(3log32 + 2) – (6log32 + 1)(log32 + 1)
= (2t + 1)(3t + 2) – (6t + 1)(t + 1) = (6t2 + 7t + 2) – (6t2 + 7t + 1) = 1
7. 
Let x  log1 3 5  log125 343  log49 729  and y = 253 log 289
11 log28 17 log1331 784
, then find the value
of
x2 + y2 is
Ans. 34
Sol.  
x    log3 5  log53 (73 ) log72 (36 ) 
3 6 3 log172 11log28 17 1/ 2
log
(11)3
(28)2 
x   . log35 . log57 . log73 and y = 25
3 2
3 12
. . (log17 11).(log28 17)(log11 28)
y  25 2 2 3
y=5
 x2 + y2 = (–3)2 + 52 = 34

log(a  c)  log(a  2b  c)
8. If c(a – b) = a(b – c) then find the value of
log(a  c)
(Assume all terms are defined)

Ans. 2

Sol. c(a – b) = a(b – c)  ac – bc = ab – ac  2ac = ab + bc

 2ac 2ac
 =a+c  b
b ac
 4ac 
log(a  c)  log  a  c 
log(a  c)  log(a  c  2b)  a  c 
Now =
log(a  c) log(a  c)
log(a  c)  2log(a  c)  log(a  c)
= =2
log(a  c)

9. If logb a. logc a + loga b. logc b + loga c. logb c = 3 (where a, b, c are different positive real numbers
 1), then find the value of a b c.

Ans. 1
Sol. logb a . logc a + loga b . logc b + loga c . logb c = 3
(loga)2 (logb)2 (logc)2
 + + =3
logb.logc loga.logc loga.logb
 (log a)3 + (log b)3 + (log c)3 = 3 log a.log b.log c
 log a + log b + log c = 0 ( a, b, c are distinct)
 log abc = 0  abc = 1

10. If 4A + 9B = 10C, where A = log164, B = log39 & C = logx83, then find x.

Ans. 10
1
Sol. A = log164 =
2
B = log39 = 2
 41/ 2  92 = 10logx 83  83 = 83logx 10  x = 10

11. Find the natural number, x, which satisfies the equation log10 (x²  12 x + 36) = 2

Ans. 16
Sol. log10 (x2 – 12x + 36) = 2
(i) x2 – 12x + 36 > 0  (x – 6)2 > 0  x  R – {6}
(ii) x2 – 12x + 36 = 100  x2 – 12x – 64 = 0  (x – 16) (x +
4) = 0
 x = 16, –4.

12. Find the value of x satisfying the equation log 1 (x  1)  log 1 (x  1)  log 1 (7  x)  1
2 2 2

Ans. x=3
Sol. Domain x – 1 > 0 and x + 1 > 0 and y – x > 0
x>1 x>–1 x<7
 x  (1, 7) .........(i)
– log2 (x – 1) – log2 (x + 1) = 1 + log  1 (7  x)
2 2

(7  x)2
– log2 (x2 – 1) + log2 (7 – x)2 = 1 ; log2 = 1 
x2  1
(7  x)2
=2
x2  1
 x2 + 14x – 51 = 0 ; (x + 17) (x – 3) = 0
x = 3 or ;k x = – 17 (rejected ) ; x=3
13. Find the non negative square root of product of reciprocal of roots of the equation
log 102 x + log10x2 = log 102 2  1
Ans. 10
Sol. log 102 x + log10x2 = log 102 2  1 ; log 102 x + 2 log10x + 1 = log 102 2
 (log10 x + 1)2 = log102 2
1 1
log10x + 1 = ± log10 2 ; x= and
20 5

14. If log(2x + 3) (6x2 + 23x + 21) = 4 – log(3x + 7) (4x2 + 12x + 9) then find the value of 64 x2

Ans. 4
3
Sol. domain x > –
2
log2x + 3(6x2 + 23x + 21) = 4 – log(3x + 7)(4x2 + 12x + 9)
log(2x + 3)(2x + 3) (3x + 7) = 4 – log3x + 7(2x + 3)2
1 + log2x + 3(3x + 7) = 4 – 2 log3x + 7(2x + 3)
log2x + 3(3x + 7) = y
2 1
y+ –3=0  y = 1 or y = 2  x = – 2, , –4
y 4
1
x  –2, – 4 so x=–
4

3 5
15. Let a, b, c, d are positive integers such that logab = and logcd = . If (a – c) = 9,
2 4
find the value of (b  d) .

Ans. 93
Sol. b2 = a3 = k  b = k1/2, a = k1/3 and d4 = c5 =   c = 1/5, d =
 1/4

Now a – c = 9  k1/3 – 1/5 = 9

1/3
Let k = 25, 1/5
 = 16  k = 253 = 56 and  = 165 = 220
 b = (56)1/2 = 125, d = (220)1/4 = 32
Now a–c=9  k1/3 – 1/5 = 9
let 1/3 1/5
k = 25,  = 16
 b = (56)1/2 = 125, d = (220)1/4 = 32
Now b – d = 125 – 32 = 93

 2009  x
  2009 
logx (2010)
16. If the product of all solutions of the equation can be expressed in
2010
m
the lowest form as then the value of (m – n) is
n

Ans 1
2009
Sol. x  (2009)logx (2010)
2010
 Taking log both sides w.r.t. x  x
 n2009  n 2010  n 2009 n 2010
logx2009 + 1 – logx2010 = logx2010.logx2009   1 
nx nx (nx)2
  2009  2
 n  . n x  (nx)  n2009 n2010
 2010 
 2009 
Let nx = t, t2 + n   x – n2009 n2010 = 0
 2010 
 2009   2009   2010 
sum of roots = –n    nx1 + nx2 = –n   = n  2009 
 2010   2010   
2010
 x1x2 =
2009
m = 2010, n = 2009  m–n=1

17. If the complete solution set of the inequality (log10 x)2  log10 x + 2 is (0, a]  [b, ) then find the
value of ab.
Ans. 10
Sol. (logx)2 – logx – 2 0
x>0 ....(i)
(log x – 2) (log x +1) 0
 log x  – 1 or ; log x  2
1
 x or ; x  100 ....(ii)
10
 1
(i) (ii)  x   0,   100,   .
 10 
1 1

18. The complete solution set of the inequality log
4
x 1 log4 ( x  3 ) , is (–a, ), then determine ‘a’.
x2

Ans. 1
x 1
Sol.  x  (–, –2)  (–1, )
x2
and x + 3 > 0  x > –3
 x 1
If ; log4   > log4(x + 3)
 x2
x 1 x  1   x  3  x  2 
 >x–3  >0
x2  x  1
x  1  x 2  5x  6 x 2  4x  5
 >0  <0
x 1 x 1
 x > –1
ans. (–1, )  –a = –1  a = –1
 x 1
If ; log4   < log4(x + 3)
 x2
x 1 x 1
< x + 3 then solution is (–3, –1) < x + 3 (–3, –1)
x2 x2

19. Find the number of integers which do not satisfy the inequality log1/2 (x + 5)2 > log1/2 (3x – 1)2.
log1/2 (x + 5)2 > log1/2 (3x – 1)2
Ans. 6
Sol. log1/2(x + 5)2 > log1/2 (3x – 1)2
(x + 5)2 > 0  x R – {– 5} ........(i)
 1
(3x – 1)2 > 0  x R –   ........(ii)
3
 (x + 5)2 < (3x – 1)2
 8x2 – 16 x – 24 > 0
 x2 – 2x – 3 > 0
 (x – 3) (x + 1) > 0
 x(–, – 1)  (3, ) ........(iii)
(i) (ii) (iii) gives
(–, –5) (–5, –1) (3, )

1 1

20. The value of ((log 2 9)2 ) log2 (log2 9)  ( 7 ) log4 7 is

Ans. (8)
1
Sol. (log 2 9)2  log2 (log2 9)  ( 7 )log7 4
2log(log2 9 ) 2
(log2 9) .(2) = 4.2 = 8
21. Find the value of

1
1
(i) (log105)(log1020) + (log102)2 (ii) 3 5 log7 5 
(  log10 0.1)

1 log 2
(iii) log0.75 log2 (iv) 5 5
 9log3 7  8log2 5
0.125

1 log7 2
 1  log3 5 log5 7 log3 7 log5 3
(v)   + 5 – log1/ 5 7 (vi) 7 3 5 7
 49 

Ans. (i) 1 (ii) 2 (iii) 1

1
(iv) –72 (v) 7+ (vi) 0
196

Sol. (i) log105 (log105 + 2log102) + (log102)2 = (log105 + log102)2 = (log1010)2 = 1

1/ 3
 
 
 5log5 7  1 
(ii) = (7 + 1)1/3 = 2
   1  
  log10   
   0.1   

 
1/ 2
log3/4 log2  8 
1/ 2
(iii) = log3/4 log2 (2)3/4 = 1
log 5
(iv) 2 5
 7log3 9  5log2 8 = 22 + 72 – 53 = 53 – 125 = – 72
1 log27
 1  14 2 1
(v)  49  = (72 )log7 7  log7 2 = (72 )log7 = 7log7 (14) = & 5  log1/ 5 7 = 5log5 7 = 7
  196
1
 7+
196
(vi) 7log3 5 + 3log5 7 – 5log3 7 – 7log5 3 = 7log3 5 + 3log5 7 – 7log3 5 – 3log5 7
{using property alogc b = blogc a } alogc b = blogc a = 0

22. Let log102 = a and log103 = b determine the following in term of a and b

(i) log4100 + 2log27100 (ii) log144 45

 1 4 1  2b  1– a 
Ans. (i)  (ii)
a 3b 2  2b  4a 
1 4 1  1 4
Sol. (i) log4100 + 2log27100 =    = 
log10 2 3  log10 3  a 3b

(ii) log144 45 =
1  log10 3  5

2
   = 1  2log10 3  log10 5  1  2b  1– a 
  = 
2  log10 32  24    2  2log10 3  4log10 2  2  2b  4a 


23. Prove that

1 1 1
(i) + + =1
log bc (abc) log ca abc log ab (abc)
(ii) (log210) (log280) – (log25) (log2160) = 4

loga b logb a
(iii) a = b
log 2 2
1)3
a 21/ 4
– 3log27 (a – 2a
(iv) = a2 + a + 1
7 4 log49 a
– a –1
Sol. (i) L.H.S. = logabc bc + logabc ca + logabc ab = logabc a2b2 c 2 = 1= R.H.S.
(ii) (1 + log25) (4 + log25) – (log25) (5 + log25) = 4 + (log25)2 + 5(log25) –5log25 – (log25)2
=4
loga b
(iii) loga(L.H.S.) = loga a = loga b ....(i)
logb a
and loga(R.H.S.) = loga b = logb a logab = loga b .... (ii)
loga b logb a
from (i) and (ii) we get a = b
loga b logb a
(i) (ii) a = b
log a log27 (a2 1)3
2 21/ 4
–3 – 2a a 4 – (a 2  1) – 2a (a2  a  1)(a2 – a – 1)
(iv) = 2
= = a2 + a + 1
7 4 log49 a
– a –1 a – a –1 a2 – a – 1

24. Solve the following equations :

(i) logx(4x – 3) = 2 Ans. 3

(ii) log2(x – 1) + log2(x – 3) = 3 Ans. 5
(iii) log2 (log8 (x2 – 1)) = 0 Ans. ±3
(iv) 4log2 x  2x  3  0 Ans. 3

Sol. (i) 4x – 3 = x2  x = 3 or ; 1 (reject

(ii) log2 (x2 – 4x + 3) = 3 & x > 1 & x > 3  x2 – 4x + 3 = 8 & x > 3  x  {–1,5} & x  (3,)
x=5
(iii) log8 (x2 – 1) = 1  x2 – 1 = 8  x = ± 3
(iv) x2 – 2x – 3 = 0  x = 3 or – 1 (reject)

25. Solve the following equations

log2 (9 – 2x )
(i) =1
3–x
log10 x  7
(ii) x 4 = 10(log10 x 1)
(iii) (log10(100x))2 + (log10(10x))2 = 14 + log10(1/x)
(iv) log105 + log10(x + 10) – 1 = log10(21x – 20) – log10(2x – 1)
(v) 52x = 32x + 2.5x + 2.3x
Ans. (i) 0 (ii) 10, 10–4 (iii) 10, 10–9/2 (iv) 10, 3/2 (v) 1
Sol. (i) 9 – 2 = 2
x 3–x

(2x)2 – 9(2x) + 8 = 0
 2x = 1, 8  x = 0, 3 (reject)

 log x  7 
(ii)  10
4  log10x = (log10x + 1)  (log10x)2 + 3 log10x – 4 = 0 log10x = 1 , log10x = –
 
4
 x = 10 , 10–4
(iii) (2 + log10x)2 + (1 + log10x)2 = 14 – log10x  2(log10x)2 + 7log10x – 9 = 0
9
 log10x = 1 , log10x = –
2
9
–
x = 10 , 10 2

 x  10   21x – 20 
(iv) log10   = log10    2x2 + 19x – 10 = 42x – 40  2x2 – 23x
 2   2x – 1 
+ 30 = 0
 2x2 – 3x – 20x + 30 = 0
3
 (x –10) (2x – 3) = 0  x = 10,
2
(v) (5x + 3x) (5x – 3x –2) = 0
 5 x = 3x + 2  x = 1

26 Solve the following inequalities

(i) log5 (3x – 1) < 1

(ii) (log.5x)2 + log.5x – 2  0
(iii) log3(x + 1) + log3(x + 7)  3
(iv) log1/2 log3(x2 + 5) + 1  0
1  1 
Ans. (i)  ,2  (ii)  ,4  (iii) [2,) (iv) (–, –2]  [2, )
3  2 
1 
Sol. (i) 0 < 3x – 1 < 5  x   ,2 
3 
(ii) –2  log.5x  1
1 
x  [(0.5)1, (0.5)–2]  x   ,4 
2 
(iii) log3 (x2 + 8x + 7)  3 & x > –1 & x > – 7
x2 + 8x + 7  27 & x > – 1
x2 + 8x – 20  0 and x > – 1
x  (–, –10]  [2,) & x > – 1  x  [2,)

(iv) log1/2 log3(x2 + 5)  –1  log3(x2 + 5)  2

 x2 + 5  9
 x2  4  x  (–, –2]  [2, )

27. Solve the following inequalities

(i) |log3x| – log3x – 3 < 0

x –1
(ii) 1
log3 (9 – 3 x ) – 3
(iii) log x 1 (x–2) > 0
x 5
(iv) logx (x3 – x2 – 2x) < 3

 1 
Ans. (i)  3 / 2 ,   (ii) [log3 9 /10,2)
 3 
 (iii) (5, ) (iv) (2,)

Sol. (i) Case : x  1

 log3x – log3x – 3 < 0
xR
 x  [1, )

Case -II : x  (0,1)

 –2 log3x – 3 < 0
3
 log3x > –
2
3
–
 x> 3 2
 
1
 x   3 ,1
 2 
3 
From both the cases
 1 
 x   3 / 2 , 
3 

(ii) x – 1  log3 (9 – 3x) – 3 and 9 – 3x > 0

log3(9 – 3x) x + 2 and 3x < 9
9 – 3 x  3x × 9 and x < 2
9
3x  and x < 2
10
  9  
x  log3   , 2 
  10  
(iii) log x 1 (x–2) > 0
x 5
x 1
Case -I 0 < <1 & 0 < x – 2 < 1
x5
 x – 5 < x – 1 < 0 & x  (2, 3)
 x 
x 1
 Case -II >1 & x–2>1
x5
 x>5 & x>3
 x  (5, )
from both cases x(5, )

(iv) logx (x3 – x2– 2x) < 3

Case-I x (0,1) & x3 – x2 – 2x > 0
then x3 – x2 – 2x > x3
 x (0,1) & x (–2,0)
 x
 Case-II x (1,) & x3 – x2 – 2x > 0
then x – x – 2x < x3
3 2

 x (1,) & x (–1,0) (2,) & x (–,–2)(0,)

 x(2,)
from both cases x(2,)

28. Solve the inequalities

(i) 15x – 25.3x – 9.5x + 225  0
 x
 3x – 2  2
(ii) 8.  x x > 1 +  
3 – 2  3
Ans. (i) R
(ii) (0, log 3 3 )
2
Sol. (i) 15x – 25 3x – 9.5x + 225 > 0
(5x – 25) (3x – 9)  0
xR

  3 x 
 
8   2  
x x
 3 x2   2 2
(ii) 8 x   1      1  3
 3  2x
  3 9   3 x   
  1 

 2  
  
x
3
Let ekuk   = t then rc
2
8t t 1 8t 2  9(t 2  1)
>  >0
9(t  1) t 9t(t  1)
(t – 3)(t  3)
 < 0  t  (–3,0)  (1, 3)
t(t  1)
x
3
  2   (1,3)  x  (0, log 3 3 )
  2