According to Ariel M.

Plantilla (2020),The study's main objectives were to evaluate the

entrepreneurial abilities of micro and small business owners in a rural economy and to identify
the needs and issues they faced when running their companies. These findings will be used as a
basis for the proposal of an improvement program to assist micro and small business owners. A
descriptive survey was used in the investigation. According to the findings, micro and small
business owners are good planners. Before making any business decisions, they always evaluate
the internal and external environments, establish goals and targets, and consider strategies for
achieving those aims. The entrepreneurial skills of the micro and small entrepreneurs did not
significantly differ based on their demographic profile in terms of planning, marketing, or
interpersonal skills. Depending on their age and number of years as entrepreneurs, they have
different managerial and personal maturity skills. Entrepreneurial abilities like marketing and
self-awareness are developed through education and experience. The inability of micro and
small business owners to define long-term goals and research various business aspects,
competition, innovation, a lack of financial capital and bookkeeping knowledge, and the high
running costs of businesses and receivable management were among the issues they cited.

For potential entrepreneurs to pursue their business endeavors, entrepreneurial talents are
seen as a crucial component. The study's goal was to look at how well accountancy, business,
and management (ABM) students in a private institution scored on their own entrepreneurial
competencies. The study used a quantitative strategy that involved descriptive research. 187
ABM students participated in the study, which applied Slovin's formula. Utilizing the mean and
ranking, the data were examined. The results showed that, when'strong qualities' and their
strengths were interpreted among the identified entrepreneurial abilities, goal-setting and
information-seeking were rated first and second, respectively, with high scores. Risk-taking,
networking, and persuasion all had average scores, were rated 9th and 10th, respectively, and
were hence classified as substandard traits . The researchers concluded that a plethora of inside
and outside-of-school activities related to entrepreneurship could enhance the information-
seeking skills of students. It was also determined that students’ self-awareness should be
strengthened since taking risks is a key component of being a successful entrepreneur.
Furthermore, the study suggested that increasing entrepreneurial activities both within and
outside the campus will be valuable to ABM students in developing entrepreneurial
competencies, particularly for characteristics belonging to the moderate level.

LANZAROTE ,ALA
According to , Tumbali A.J Y,.(2019)This study examined the entrepreneurial intention of pre-
service Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) teachers based on the Theory of Planned
Behavior (TPB) and determined its relationship to academic performance. The statistical
treatment used was frequency, percentage, Pearson correlation and formulas developed by Icek
Ajzen in the TPB. The results showed that students had satisfactory academic performance, a
favorable attitude toward becoming entrepreneurs, moderately favorable perceived subjective
norm, and easy perceived behavioral control.
Jose Prabhu Joseph John, (2020),"Entrepreneurship Education and Learning: A Theoretical
Relationship," in Entrepreneurs' Skills: Technical, Organizational Administration Skills, and
Individual Business Abilities, Jose Prabhu Joseph John, 2020. In order to comprehend new-age
organizations and new business models, entrepreneurship has emerged as one of the most well-
liked academic fields for both working executives and college students. The best business
schools in India have incorporated entrepreneurial education into their curricula. It's interesting
to note that schools are now actively changing after having an impact on the standard curriculum
in engineering and management education. Understanding entrepreneurial abilities and
entrepreneurship education is made easier by the theoretical literary works testimonial. An
organized evaluation strategy was chosen to evaluate entrepreneurship education and learning as
well as business owners' abilities. However, business owner education plays a significant and
also important role in providing the fundamental skills needed for a business owner to manage
their day-to-day business requirements as well as just how to overcome obstacles and challenges
that will face them throughout their business lives. This study must be related to higher education
institutions that are taking into account areas in entrepreneurship education and learning for
promoting entrepreneurial abilities.

According to Ahmad Jaenudin (2021) ,entrepreneurship education is the primary factor in

enhancing young people's entrepreneurial abilities and goals. This study seeks to ascertain
whether the entrepreneurial skills variable has any bearing on students' entrepreneurial
intentions. It also seeks to ascertain whether entrepreneurship education has any bearing on
whether the entrepreneurial skills variable has any bearing on whether students have
entrepreneurial intentions.

As stated by Wardana, L.W.(2020),the main purpose of this study is to investigate the

relationship between students’ entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial mindset as well as
understanding the mediating role of attitude and self-efficacy. The approach adopted in this study

LANZAROTE ,ALA
is a convenience random sampling method, which is widely used in entrepreneurship research.
Participants were recruited from several universities in Malang of East Java in Indonesia
undergoing an online survey and were calculated using structural equation modeling (SEM). The
findings of this currently study indicate that entrepreneurship education successfully influences
entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial attitude, and the entrepreneurial mindset. On the
other hand, entrepreneurial self-efficacy promotes entrepreneurial attitude instead of the
entrepreneurial mindset. Furthermore, entrepreneurial attitude plays an essential role in
mediating both entrepreneurship education and self-efficacy toward students’ entrepreneurial
mindset.
In accordance with Ogar. A,. (2020),the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship
between academic performance and classroom management in Etung Local Government Area of
Cross River State, Nigeria. In addition to doing a literature study, four research hypotheses were
developed. 200 students were chosen at random for the study using the survey research
technique. In order to determine whether to accept or reject the hypothesis, Pearson Moment
Correlation Coefficient was used. The findings indicated that there is a significant correlation
between classroom discipline and student academic performance, as well as between student
motivation in the classroom and academic performance, the impact of teachers' management
techniques on students' academic performance, and the relationship between teachers'
experiences and students' academic performance in business studies,schools.
Entrepreneurship is a best mechanism to boost up economy of a country. In addition,
entrepreneurship skills fostering the innovation and productivity to develop the economy of a
country as well as molding a person to be job creator rather than be a job seeker. Thus,
entrepreneurship skills are an important key element towards enhancing an independent and
productive living for student with learning disabilities. Student with learning disabilities is often
categorized as unproductive children and neglected by the society. Students with learning
disabilities are under-represented in the workforce, often facing discrimination by employers,
and not served in good manner due to their inabilities. Hence, entrepreneurship skills are most
powerful weapon to driven entrepreneurial spirit and giving practical competencies that enable to
start an own business. In order to develop the entrepreneurship skills, government introduced
entrepreneurship education in Malaysian National Curriculum in primary education, secondary
education and tertiary education. However, entrepreneurship skills among students with learning
disabilities remains behind in terms of research and the importance. Thus, more researches are
very crucial on this field. Hence, the purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of
entrepreneurship skills among students with learning disabilities. The impact of this study will
provide a fundamental knowledge on the importance of entrepreneurship skills among student
with learning disabilities for researchers in the future researches.

Business growth is one of the most studied areas over the years. However, with the current
uncertainty and entrepreneurial dynamism it becomes relevant to consider new variables such as
entrepreneurial skills and competencies that influence its development. Accordingly, this
research refers to the impact that the individual's skills have on the entrepreneurial environment.

LANZAROTE ,ALA
For this purpose, a survey has been developed of employees of different organizations
considering the variables of high degree of proactivity in the employees' attitude, entrepreneurial
training, innovation, previous experience or risk aversion.

Rationale

The ability to learn the skills required for success in life is crucial. Gaining knowledge and
education is essential for raising one's status in society. Learning development is the primary
emphasis of academic education. The process of learning improves pupils' academic
achievement.Everyone of us needed to know how does the flow of the students are if their are
doing well or not every studentsa has Ang capacity to learn to gain a more achievements in life
Each and everyone has a negative Ang positive impact about the learning but then we are as a
students wee need to follow the rules and regulations of one school because if we are unite as
one we achieve our own success

copy
According to , Tumbali A.J Y,.(2019)This study examined the entrepreneurial intention of pre-
service Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) teachers based on the Theory of Planned
Behavior (TPB) and determined its relationship to academic performance. The statistical
treatment used was frequency, percentage, Pearson correlation and formulas developed by Icek
Ajzen in the TPB. The results showed that students had satisfactory academic performance, a
favorable attitude toward becoming entrepreneurs, moderately favorable perceived subjective
norm, and easy perceived behavioral control.
According to Wardana, L.W. (2020) The main purpose of this study is to investigate the
relationship between students’ entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial mindset as well as
understanding the mediating role of attitude and self-efficacy. The approach adopted in this study
is a convenience random sampling method, which is widely used in entrepreneurship research.
Participants were recruited from several universities in Malang of East Java in Indonesia
undergoing an online survey and were calculated using structural equation modeling (SEM). The
findings of this currently study indicate that entrepreneurship education successfully influences
entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial attitude, and the entrepreneurial mindset. On the
other hand, entrepreneurial self-efficacy promotes entrepreneurial attitude instead of the
entrepreneurial mindset. Furthermore, entrepreneurial attitude plays an essential role in
mediating both entrepreneurship education and self-efficacy toward students’ entrepreneurial
mindset.

LANZAROTE ,ALA
According to Jose Prabhu Joseph John 2020). This review paper intends to show the theoretical
relationship between Entrepreneurship Education and learning as well as Entrepreneurs’ Skills
that include Technical, Organization Administration Skills and Individual Business Abilities. To
understand new-age businesses and new business models, entrepreneurship has become one of
the most popular subjects being pursued by college students and working executives.
Entrepreneurship education has been integrated into the curriculum of the top business schools in
India. Interestingly after impacting regular curriculum at engineering and management
education, schools are now actively adapting as well. The term Entrepreneurship should evolve
from “willingness to take risks” to be more about “innovative way of thinking, planning, and
organizing’ to contribute and professional manage new form of business ventures. The whole
idea is to keep evolving and survive in a competitive global marketplace. The theoretical literary
works testimonial helps to understand the entrepreneurial skills as well as entrepreneurship
education. A systematic review approach was selected to check out the entrepreneurship
education and learning as well as business owners’ skills. However, business owner education
plays a crucial and also important function in giving the essential abilities for a business owner to
operate their daily service requirements, and also just how to encounter barriers as well as
difficulties that will face them throughout their business live. This research study must relate to
Higher Education Institutions considering territories in Entrepreneurship Education and learning
for encouraging Entrepreneurial Abilities.
According to Ahmad Jaenudin (2021).Entrepreneurship education is the main key in improving
entrepreneurship skills and entrepreneurial intentions for the younger generation. This study aims
to determine whether there is an influence of the entrepreneurial skills variable on the
entrepreneurial intentions of students and also to find out whether there is an influence of
entrepreneurship education in strengthening or weakening the influence of entrepreneurial skills
on entrepreneurial intentions. This study uses a quantitative approach, with statistical analysis
using ex post facto quantitative data. Analysis of the data using Multiple Regression Analysis is
used to find the functional relationship of two or more predictor variables with the criterion
variables and MRA (Moderated Regression Analysis) to test and to analyze the effect of
moderator variables. Collecting data using questionnaires and documentation. The results of this
study indicate that the influence of entrepreneurial skills on students' entrepreneurial intentions
can be seen in the value of the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.331 or 33.1% while the rest
is influenced by other variables. Furthermore, in the second regression equation involving the
moderating variable, namely entrepreneurship education, it is known that entrepreneurship
education can strengthen the influence of entrepreneurial skills on students' entrepreneurial
intentions, it can be proven by looking at the value (R) = 0,576 and the value of the coefficient of
determination (R2) is 0,331. In addition, there is a positive and significant interaction on the
entrepreneurship education variable on the entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial intention
variables.

LANZAROTE ,ALA
 According to Ariel M. Plantilla (2020). The study primarily aimed to assess micro and small
enterprise owners' entrepreneurial skills In a rural-based Economy and identify the needs and
problems they encountered in managing their small business, which will serve As an input for
proposing an enhancement program to help the micro and small entrepreneurs. The study used a
Descriptive survey. Results show that micro and small entrepreneurs possess planning skills.
They always assess the Internal and external environment before making any business decisions,
set goals and targets, and think of Strategies on how to achieve those goals. According to their
demographic profile, there was no significant variation On the entrepreneurial skills in terms of
planning, marketing, and interpersonal skills of the micro and small Entrepreneurs. Their
management and personal maturity skills differed according to their age and years of Experience
as entrepreneurs. Education and experience contribute to the development of entrepreneurial
skills, such As marketing and personal maturity skills. Micro and small entrepreneurs’ identified
problems were inabilities to set Long-term plans and study different aspects of business,
competition, innovation, lack of financial capital and Knowledge on bookkeeping, and the high
operating cost of business and receivable management.
According to Lorelie C. Buitrago (2022). Entrepreneurial competencies are considered a vital
piece for aspiring entrepreneurs to pursue entrepreneurial ventures. The research aimed to
examine the personal entrepreneurial competencies scores of accountancy, business, and
management (ABM) students in a private institution. A quantitative method engaging in
descriptive research was employed in the study. The study utilized Slovin’s formula, with 187
ABM students responding. The data were analyzed using mean and ranking. The findings
revealed that goal-setting and information-seeking garnered high scores and were rated first and
second, respectively, with an interpretation of ‘strong traits’ and their strengths among the
identified entrepreneurial competencies. Persuasion and networking and risk-taking obtained
moderate scores and were ranked 9th and 10th, respectively, and accordingly labeled as inferior
characteristics. The researchers concluded that a plethora of inside and outside-of-school
activities related to entrepreneurship could enhance the information-seeking skills of students. It
was also determined that students’ self-awareness should be strengthened since taking risks is a
key component of being a successful entrepreneur. Furthermore, the study suggested that
increasing entrepreneurial activities both within and outside the campus will be valuable to ABM
students in developing entrepreneurial competencies, particularly for characteristics belonging to
the moderate level.
According to John Benedict C. Perezand Joseph Lemuel C. Tolentino (2019) One of the exits of
the Department of Education's K-12 program is for students to pursue entrepreneurship.
Although entrepreneurship is an applied subject taken by all students, limited studies on the
entrepreneurial skills of Filipino learners are available. The main purpose of the study is to
determine the entrepreneurial skills level of Senior High School students of ETTMNHS. The
implementation of K-12 might influence the students’ perspectives in life for they were easily
engaged in a focused program of their preference to be an expert in their chosen line.
The senior high school student-entrepreneurs who participated in this research study were
perceived to have high entrepreneurial skill level. The significant difference between the number

LANZAROTE ,ALA
of male and female entrepreneurs imply the importance on strengthening the awareness of males
in conducting entrepreneurship. In addition, entrepreneurship teachers must take into account
interventions on enhancing technical skills among their students in order to produce successful
entrepreneurs in the future.
According to Richard S. Sudario and Ma. Teresa G. Salumintao (2022). Women in the
Philippines account for more than half of the country's population of 109 million people and they
play an essential role in the socio-cultural and economic spheres. This study aimed to determine
the entrepreneurial well-being and non-financial success of women entrepreneurs. The study
utilized a descriptive correlational research design. The results revealed that entrepreneurial well-
being is very high. The non-financial success indicators are very high in terms of family support,
interpersonal skills, risk encountering, social security and freedom, and business features. The
training and motivation and access to technology are high, while the assistance and easy
regulation is moderate. The result of the correlation shows that entrepreneurial well-being has a
moderate positive relationship with non-financial success. Authenticity at work and
entrepreneurial work engagement are predictors of non-financial success. The study generated
the WEbNofs Model. The researchers conclude that if the women have a very high manifestation
of well-being, they become more effective in their endeavor and thus become successful as
business entrepreneurs.
According to LUNINGNING A. VALDEZ (2022). Entrepreneurs’ innovativeness helped the
economy, according to studies and Reference books. Innovation is the act of developing and
implementing new ideas by people Involved in transactions with others over time within an
institutional framework, according To Mamun, et al (2017). This study aimed to determine the
factors influencing the Entrepreneurial intentions among students of Cavite State University and
Cagayan State University .This study used a descriptive design to describe the extent of
entrepreneurial Intention factors such as attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral
norms among Participants. The study includes business students from Cagayan State University
and Cavite State University-Imus Campus. This study uses purposive or convenience sampling
to include All classroom students on survey day utilizing frequency counts, percentages, and
Spearman Rank correlation. In view of the findings of this study, it is recommended that the
college Should create initiatives that will help facilitators become more proficient at piquing and
Maintaining students’ interest in business opportunities.

BSBA Marketing Management

According to Ali Follman (2019). Students in a marketing major learn the ways businesses
maintain relationships with their audiences through targeted activities that create, communicate
and deliver offerings to them. Marketing finds a need consumers have and creates products or
services to satisfy that need, all while promoting the mission of the brand or organization.
Marketing majors are either part of an institution’s communications or business school, and
curricula include more than just business practices.

LANZAROTE ,ALA
A marketing major studies the branding and promotion of products and services to the public,
which is targeted through specific demographics. Marketing touches many areas of study, so
students will be well-versed in advertising, communications, consumer behavior, public
relations, and marketing strategy and research. This career-oriented major provides a
professional education with either a strong background in liberal arts, as a Bachelor of Arts, or a
more technical approach, as a Bachelor of Science.
According to Kim Edward S. Santos (2020).One of the course requirements in a business
marketing curriculum is direct selling that serves as a gateway to the entrepreneurial world to
students. The researcher used descriptive method. A total of 175 college students taking up
marketing management from different colleges in Nueva Ecija were surveyed. The researcher
used a Likert-scale type questionnaire and analyzed it through statistical data treatment such as
mean and weighted mean. In light with the foregoing results, the researcher concluded that direct
selling highly develops students’ marketing skills. On the contrary, the researcher suggests that
the respondents improve their financial skills to be more effective and efficient in direct selling.
According to Sakina Taher (2023).Marketing is a single term that covers a multitude of career
pathways. From advertising to sales, business to public relations, marketing roles offer diverse
and challenging opportunities at global organizations.
A marketing degree offers a versatile range of transferable skills in communication, writing,
public relations, media, and more. This broad skillset can lead to a range of marketing
opportunities for students with a wide choice of careers. Read on to learn more about marketing,
what jobs you can get with a marketing degree, and international education marketing jobs.
According to Calma, Rolando Reyes(2020). Tracer study is crucial to the growth of any higher
education institution because if there is no evaluation of outcomes of the educational process to
be conducted by the institution, there will be no benchmark in which the basis of future
developments can be based upon. The main objective of the present tracer study is to determine
the level of employability of the graduates of an Academic Institution (AI) for the course
Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (BSBA). The researchers used 306 or 62.45% of
the graduates from 2016 to 2018 with the degree in BSBA as the respondents. Findings revealed
that the Business Administration (BA) Program of AI is dominated by female group. Also,
during the conduct of this tracer study, Financial Management is the most in demand major field
of specialization in the BA program of the Institution. On the present status of employment of
the respondents, majority of them are holding permanent status, having security of tenure in their
job. Findings also show that financial sector tops the list of the industry that employs the BA
graduates. Despite many avenues that lead the respondents in finding their first jobs, they also
encountered difficulties in looking for it. The two major difficulties encountered by the
respondents were lack of job vacancies and inadequate experience. It is noteworthy to account
that currently, job enjoyment is among the top 4 reasons of the graduates why they still stay with
their present job, when it used to be the number 8 reason when the previous BA tracer study was
conducted. The top three suggestions of the respondents on how AI can further improve the
employability of its graduates are: provide students with more training programs and seminars;
invite more companies to participate in the job fair; and develop partnership with more

LANZAROTE ,ALA
companies where students can spend their OJT program. In term of improving further the course
curriculum of the program, it is the topmost suggestion of the respondents that BA program have
more major courses / subjects based on the needs of the industry.
According to Pramiatshi,E (2021). Private universities as one of the economic actors need to
prepare themselves to survive and continue to develop. The level of competition for quality and
quantity is great and is increasingly attractive among private universities, indicating that
currently competition in the world of education is inevitable. In order to maintain their existence,
educational institutions, especially private universities, are required to be able to market superior
educational service products in order to overcome and face intense competition. The purpose of
this study is to analyze marketing management which can increase the quantity of students at
private universities of Langlang Buana Bandung. The research method applied is qualitative
research methods, data analysis techniques for research using triangulation techniques.
Researchers use participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The analysis
of the research results shows that there is an increase in the quantity of new students at private
universities-UNLA, this will not be separated from the quality possessed by the private
universities-UNLA Bandung and quality is a dynamic condition related to products, services,
people, processes, and the environment. Schools that have met the target of marketing
management in private universities-Unla Bandung
According to Lateeka Sabharwal (2022). By enrolling in a marketing management course,
learners attain comprehensive knowledge on how to stay relevant in the current working
environment. But the fact is that not everyone wants a career in marketing. Students usually
jump the gun and believe that the scope of marketing is limited to only the business world. But
one should not forget that they will need some knowledge in this niche, regardless of the career
they have in mind. Even lawyers, engineers, and business entrepreneurs need marketing skills to
take their line of work/business to the next level.
It might sound a little confusing right now, but to help learners make an informed decision, I
have compiled some information about the marketing management program. Continue reading
this article to know about top reasons to pursue marketing management courses, salary packages,
and opportunities that one could expect post-completion.
According to Joanne Lauryn Comia (2018). This study aims to find out the factors why students
choose Marketing course, measure students evaluation and attitudes toward this course, and find
out the factors that influence the student to choose Lipa City Colleges to enroll this course. This
study can provide information to educators about students evaluation, attitudes, and expectation
about the BSBA Marketing Management and Lipa City Colleges so they can develop the
appropriate action plan to attract students The findings of this study can help the administration,
students, and department of the institution. This study has 7 variables that were assumed to be
the influencing factors. These factors are: Accessibility, Personal Choice, Popularity of the
School, Friends Influence, Job Opportunity, Parents Influence, and Scholarship Programs. The
theoretical framework was based on the questionnaires and respondents from third year and
fourth year students of BSBA Marketing Management. The data was distributed to 50
respondents of third year and fourth year students of BSBA Marketing Management these were

LANZAROTE ,ALA
analyzed and tallied equally with relevant analysis such as frequency analysis and correlation
analysis. Two hypotheses were developed to study the success indicators. Findings show the
average age, gender and family income of the respondents from the third year and fourth year
BSBA Marketing Management students. The respondents agreed that the scholarship programs
influence them more while the friends influence is the least. The study reveals that there are
factors that influence students to enroll in different schools and choosing their career paths.

According to Staff Writers (2022). A bachelor's degree in marketing provides the foundational
training needed in areas of marketing research, social media marketing, and advertising strategies
to help graduates compete for a variety of in-demand roles in public and private settings.
Students can earn a bachelor’s degree in marketing either online or in person, making it a
flexible option for busy learners.
The average cost of these programs varies significantly based on whether a learner attends a
public or private college and how much funding they can secure through grants, scholarships,
work-study funds, and other financial aid opportunities. Most students spend four years
completing all the requirements associated with graduating. But students may take longer if they
attend school part time or finish more quickly through an accelerated program.
According to Coursera (2023). Marketing management uses marketing tools, strategies,
processes, and analyses as part of an organization’s strategic approach to developing and
implementing marketing efforts.
The meaning of marketing management can vary based on an organization’s industry and
marketing goals. As the name suggests, marketing management takes on managerial functions in
marketing, which may entail oversight of marketing campaigns, outcomes, and planning and
decision-making before, during, and after marketing plans are executed.

According to Caroline Forsey (2021). Marketing is the process of getting people interested in
your company’s product or service. This happens through market research, analysis, and
understanding your ideal customer’s interests. Marketing pertains to all aspects of a business,
including product development, distribution methods, sales, and advertising.
Modern marketing began in the 1950s when people started to use more than just print media to
endorse a product. As TV – and soon, the internet – entered households, marketers could conduct

LANZAROTE ,ALA
entire campaigns across multiple platforms. And as you might expect, over the last 70 years,
marketers have become increasingly important to fine-tuning how a business sells a product to
consumers to optimize success.
In fact, the fundamental purpose of marketing is to attract consumers to your brand through
messaging. Ideally, that messaging will helpful and educational to your target audience so you
can convert consumers into leads.

Yousuf Al Husaini (2023)Students' Academic Performance is vital for assessing a student's

standing within a university. It makes it possible for academic staff, educational administrators,
and decision-makers to precisely evaluate students taking various courses throughout a semester.
The results revealed that low entry grades, family support, accommodation, student gender,
previous assessment grade, student internal assessment grade, GPA, and students' e-learning
activity are the most significant factors influencing students' academic performance.

Michael Gilbert (2018)The purpose of this paper is to examine student performance on both
criterion- and norm-referenced measures, linked with teacher and student communication
orientations.Student performance appears to be linked with connecting with teachers’ preferred
delivery and communication styles. The more like their teachers the students are, the better their
performance. Reinforcing new knowledge and skills was recognized as an important component
of training.
If connecting better with students is tied with performance, teachers who learn how to shift their
delivery methods may foster better outcomes. Also, attention should be paid on how distress may
impact teacher performance, especially as they interact with students whose communication
preferences may differ from theirs

Sarwat Masud (2019)Academic performance is among the several components of academic

success. Many factors, including socioeconomic status, student temperament and motivation,
peer, and parental support influence academic performance. Our study aims to investigate the
determinants of academic performance with emphasis on the role of parental styles in adolescent
students in Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 456 students from 4 public and 4 private schools were
interviewed. Academic performance was assessed based on self-reported grades in the latest
internal examinations.

Mesfin Tadese (2022)Education plays a pivotal role in producing qualified human power that
accelerates economic development and solves the real problems of a community. Students are
also expected to spend much of their time on their education and need to graduate with good

LANZAROTE ,ALA
academic results. However, the trend of graduating students is not proportional to the trend of
enrolled students and an increasing number of students commit readmission, suggesting that they
did not perform well in their academics. Thus, the study aimed to identify the determinants of
academic performance among university students in Southern Ethiopia.
Ella Hendrix (2019)Research has found that learning environments play a crucial role in student
success. Several factors can affect learning ability, including seating, light, noise, and even
colour. Students who study in a positive learning environment have been shown to be more
motivated, engaged, and have a higher overall learning ability.

SankaraNethralaya (2019)The critical external factors namely illumination, acoustics, thermal

quality, colour and age of school building are typical conditions in determining the quality of a
classroom. The poor quality of these characteristics in a classroom can be an environmental
stressor increasing strain and subsequently can reduce the academic performance of students

Rationale
According to Jennifer Herrity (2022). Entrepreneurial skills can encompass a broad range of
various skill sets like technical skills, leadership and business management skills and creative
thinking. Because entrepreneurial skills can be applied to many different job roles and industries,
developing your entrepreneurial skills can mean developing several types of skill sets. For
instance, to be a successful business owner, you may need to develop your business management
skills. To build and maintain successful project teams you might need to improve your leadership
and communication skills.
According to Mette Trier Damgaard, Helena Skyt Nielse (2020). Student performance may also
be inhibited by the students under confidence in their own ability or more broadly by biased or
suboptimal self-images. Interventions targeting students' mindsets and beliefs may thus
potentially improve self-confidence, benefit students' self-image and ultimately improve student
outcomes. A number of (brief psychological) interventions fall in this category.
According to Ludi Wishnu Wardana 2l(2020). The main purpose of this study Is to investigate
the relationship between students’ entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial mindset as
well as understanding the mediating role of attitude and self-efficacy. The approach adopted in
this study is a convenience random sampling method, which is widely used in entrepreneurship
research.

1. I think of more new idea.

2. I can make decision quickly.

LANZAROTE ,ALA
3. I’m good on managing business.

4. I am willing to do something even other people laugh me.

5. I have a strong desire to achieve my dream business.

6. I believe in my skills and abilities on doing may task.

7. I develop Strategies and influence other.

8. I will doing my best to be successful entrepreneur.

9. I always find a ways to do things faster

10. I like to try new things and apply it to my self

11. When i faced difficult problem i always fined a ways of possible

solution.

12. I always give my effort on my activities.

13. I am confidence to try new challenges.

14. I am good on managing my time.

15. I am confidence to try new things that different for what I have

done before.

16 I take action according to giving information.

17. I always listen to the others idea.

18. I seek the advice from people who know my problem.

19. I do things that need to be done before asked to do by others.

20. I spend my time thinking how to influence others.

LANZAROTE ,ALA
Entrepreneurial competency

Defining entrepreneurial competencies among university students raised many questions

about their achievement, planning and ability that enable them to effectively lead entrepreneurial
activities in the future after graduation. Thus, acquiring entrepreneurial competencies can
provide students a confidence in developing businesses idea and eventually establishing new
business venture. Many researchers seem to agree about various factors affecting entrepreneurial
intentions particularly among university students as potential entrepreneur. Given this backdrop,
the study aimed to determine and prove which entrepreneurial competencies exist among
selected business student that needs to enhance in order to be competent. The study sought the
perception of the 68 freshmen business students in the three (3) selected business courses in De
La Salle University Manila. The study used descriptive method of research utilizing survey
questionnaire for freshmen students as the primary target population. For this research, an
Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted on the collected data and statistical treatment
used were frequency count and weighted mean using RStudio as statistical software for all items
to uncover the underlying structure of variables. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression for
the analysis of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Multiple Linear Regression was applied
to validate the measurement and test the hypotheses established in this study. The findings of this
study have highlighted some significant inferences for the entrepreneurial competencies such as
the freshmen business students have an opportunity to enhance further their personal
entrepreneurial competencies by taking seriously their business exposure from their family
business or personal business endeavor. Cruz R ( 2019)
According to Barbara Bird (2019) entrepreneurial competencies are defined as underlying
characteristics such as generic and specific knowledge, motives, traits, self-images, social roles,
and skills which result in venture birth, survival, and/or growth. Entrepreneurial competencies
are obviously carried by individuals–the entrepreneurs who begin or transform organizations and
who add value through their organizing of resources and opportunities. The theory we need to
build and the research we need to conduct will link this individual-level cluster of variables to
organizational-level variables. Specifically, we expect entrepreneurs’ competencies to have
causal connection to venture initiation and “success” and that the process of venturing will
feedback to enhance the entrepreneurs’ competencies. That is, entrepreneurs will learn from their

LANZAROTE ,ALA
experiences in venturing as well as other forums and this learning will expand and/or deepen that
competence.

María José González-López (2021) stated to her study the role of the perceived
entrepreneurial competencies in the pre actional phase of the entrepreneurial process. This
corresponds to the moment when individuals have formed their entrepreneurial intention and
must embark on how to implement it. A structural equations modelling analysis on a sample of
undergraduate business students in their final year who manifest an intention to start up a new
business after graduation served both to analyze the entrepreneurial competencies and gestation
behavior and determine the moderating role of competencies. The findings reveal that
entrepreneurial intention and competencies related to commitment, planning and organization
have a significant and direct influence on nascent entrepreneurial behavior and that the whole set
of entrepreneurial competency factors enhances the relationship between entrepreneurial
intention and entrepreneurial gestation activities. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis
of the role of entrepreneurial competencies in the transition from intention to early nascent
business gestation and addresses a valuable and relatively unexplored line of research.

Research conducted by Hajer Chaker (2021) stated that many universities have incorporated
entrepreneurship education into their programs. However, research and the practice show that
this curriculum is taught in various ways, which the authors group into three themes: teaching
about entrepreneurship, teaching for entrepreneurship, and teaching through entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurship educators face several challenges, especially the difficulties in defining the best
way to teach entrepreneurship and the lack of evaluation of the chosen method’s effectiveness.
This article focuses specifically on how entrepreneurship is taught at the Faculty of Economics
and Management of Tunis and what effect it may have on the development of students’
entrepreneurial competencies. It attempts to support entrepreneurship educators by describing a
pilot experience consisting of combining teaching about and through entrepreneurship and a
conventional method that adopts just teaching about entrepreneurship. These descriptions may
help to explore and uncover what happens in the classroom and aid teachers in choosing the
appropriate practices to achieve their educational objectives. The article evaluates the two
programs by comparing their effects on the development of students’ entrepreneurial
competencies. The authors use a two-sample independent t-test to make the comparison, and the
results indicate that the combined method is stronger overall than the conventional method.

Research conducted by Matina Z. (2021) stated thatthe purpose of this exploratory study is to
development of entrepreneurial competencies and skills reported by stu- dents in Ukraine. I also
aimed to explore the relationship between students’ skills, competencies and entrepreneurial
intentions. The survey methodology was used in this study. Primary data was gathered with the
help of a questionnaire. I explored the competencies and skills reported both by students who
participated in university enterprise programs and those who had not taken part in the program.

LANZAROTE ,ALA
A one- way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilised to locate the difference in
entrepreneurship competencies and skills of business and non-business students. The results
suggest that students who have participated in university enterprise programs report higher levels
of entrepreneurship-related skills.

LANZAROTE ,ALA