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Data Centric Routing

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5 views

Data Centric Routing

Uploaded by

padmajakanchi04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data-Centric and Content-Based Networking in Wireless Sensor

Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are composed of numerous sensor nodes


that communicate wirelessly to monitor and collect data from various
environments. Traditional networking approaches, which focus on node
addresses, are often inefficient for WSNs due to their unique characteristics.
Instead, data-centric and content-based networking approaches have been
developed to optimize data dissemination and retrieval. This essay explores
the fundamentals of data-centric and content-based networking, focusing on
data-centric routing, data aggregation, and data-centric storage.

Introduction to Data-Centric and Content-Based Networking

In traditional networks, communication is typically address-centric, meaning


that data packets are routed based on the addresses of the source and
destination nodes. However, in WSNs, the primary concern is often the data
itself rather than the specific nodes. Data-centric and content-based
networking approaches shift the focus from node addresses to the content of
the data, enabling more efficient data dissemination and retrieval.

Data-Centric Routing

Data-centric routing is a paradigm where data packets are routed based on


the content of the data rather than the addresses of the nodes. This approach
is particularly useful in WSNs, where the goal is often to collect and
disseminate specific types of data (e.g., temperature readings, humidity
levels) rather than to communicate with specific nodes.

Some common data-


centric routing protocols include:

Directed Diffusion: Directed Diffusion is a data-centric routing


protocol where data generated by sensor nodes is named by attribute-
value pairs. Nodes interested in specific data send out interest
messages, which are propagated through the network. Data matching
the interest is then routed back along the reverse path of the interest
messages, creating a gradient-based routing structure.

SPIN (Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation): SPIN


protocols use meta-data negotiation to reduce redundant data
transmissions and conserve energy. Nodes advertise the availability of
data using meta-data descriptors, and other nodes request the data if
they are interested. This negotiation process ensures that only useful
data is transmitted, reducing energy consumption.

Data Aggregation

Data aggregation is a technique used to reduce the amount of data


transmitted in the network by combining data from multiple sensor nodes.
This process helps to minimize energy consumption and reduce network
congestion. Data aggregation can be performed at intermediate nodes, which
aggregate data from their neighbors before forwarding it to the base station.
Some common data aggregation techniques include:

Tree-based Aggregation: In tree-based aggregation, a routing tree is


constructed with the base station as the root. Data is aggregated as it
is forwarded up the tree, with each intermediate node combining data
from its children before sending it to its parent. This approach reduces
the number of transmissions and conserves energy.

Cluster-based Aggregation: In cluster-based aggregation, the


network is divided into clusters, each with a designated cluster head.
Sensor nodes send their data to the cluster head, which aggregates the
data and forwards it to the base station. This approach reduces the
number of long-distance transmissions and improves energy efficiency.

Data-Centric Storage
Data-centric storage involves storing data based on its content rather than its
source or destination. This approach allows for efficient data retrieval and
dissemination in WSNs. Data-centric storage can be implemented using
various techniques, including:

Data-Centric Storage (DCS): In DCS, data is stored at specific nodes


based on its content. For example, data related to a particular attribute
(e.g., temperature) might be stored at nodes located in a specific
region. Queries for the data are then routed to the appropriate storage
nodes, enabling efficient data retrieval.

Geographic Hash Tables (GHTs): GHTs use geographic coordinates


to determine the storage location of data. Data is hashed to a
geographic location, and nodes in the vicinity of that location store the
data. Queries are routed to the hashed location, allowing for efficient
data retrieval based on geographic proximity.

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