ASSESSMENT SUBMISSION & DECLARATION

QUALIFICATION UNIT NUMBER AND TITLE

PEARSON BTEC INTERNATIONAL LEVEL 3 EXTENDED
UNIT : IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT (INTERNATIONAL BTEC
DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
LEVEL 3)
STUDENT NAME ASSESSOR NAME
Ayaan Javaid Awan

DATE ISSUED COMPLETION DATE SUBMITTED ON

ASSIGNMENT TITLE IT Project Management

PLAGIARISM

PLAGIARISM IS A PARTICULAR FORM OF CHEATING. PLAGIARISM MUST BE AVOIDED AT ALL COSTS AND STUDENTS
WHO BREAK THE RULES, HOWEVER INNOCENTLY, MAY BE PENALIZED. IT IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY TO ENSURE THAT
YOU UNDERSTAND CORRECT REFERENCING PRACTICES. AS A LEVEL 3 STUDENT, YOU ARE EXPECTED TO USE
APPROPRIATE REFERENCES THROUGHOUT AND KEEP CAREFULLY DETAILED NOTES OF ALL YOUR SOURCES OF
MATERIALS FOR MATERIAL YOU HAVE USED IN YOUR WORK, INCLUDING ANY MATERIAL DOWNLOADED FROM THE
INTERNET.

LEARNER DECLARATION

I CERTIFY THAT THE ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION IS ENTIRELY MY OWN WORK AND I FULLY UNDERSTAND THE CONSEQUENCES
OF PLAGIARISM. I UNDERSTAND THAT MAKING A FALSE DECLARATION IS A FORM OF MALPRACTICE.

STUDENT SIGNATURE DATE:

Assessment between movement of various Project Management Methodology

In order to have a complete evaluation, the three most common project management methodologies will be analysed:
Waterfall, Agile and PRINCE2. In a hypothetical IT project, each methodology consists of different stages, structures,
etc. and each has its own slight advantages and disadvantages.

1. Waterfall Methodology (Taylor, 2023) (Solus Informatics Pvt Ltd., 2019)

Project Overview: A large scale enterprise software development project for a financial institution.

Stages and Structures:

The waterfall methodology is a step-by-step linear process. The stages include:

 Requirement Analysis: The primary step, in this phase all the detailed documentation of user requirements and
system specifications can be done. All the requirements are worked upon and signed off from stakeholders and
project managers. This phase is critical and forms the base, any wrong understanding and missed requirements
can lead to long term issues later.
 System Design:After finalizing the requirements, next piece is the system design which is done in 2 parts high
level design (HLD) and low level design (LLD). The HLD is a blueprint of a system and is more abstract while
the LLD is a detailed design of a single component/module and not a blueprint at all. This phase could be placed
before development process which ensure all the technical aspect are planned.
 Programming: developers write code and integrate system components, according to the architectural design.
This is where the system is built and the actual code is written according to the designs.
 Implementation and Testing: Here, systematised examining takes position to decide and fix defects system-wide.
Unit testing, Integration testing, System testing, UAT testing Testing is exhaustive for the purpose of making sure
the system is capable of and will meet every specified requirement and function correctly in all conditions
anticipated.
 Deployment: The system is deployed to the production environment only after successful testing. Implementation
phase, this phase involves installing the software in the real world and make it up and running for the end-users.
 Maintenance: The last phase is essentially the support and bug fixes once the project goes live. Maintenance,
Maintenance ensures the software acts correctly & changes whenever demands of environment changes or some
problem arises.

User Requirements:
Waterfall methodology involves a lot of requirements analysis early on to make sure that all user requirements are
scoped out in detail. By capturing everything documented upfront, this lowers the risk of scope change later in the
project based on requirements being agreed earlier, and then serving as a framework to work from throughout the
various life cycles of the project.

Roles and Responsibilities for the project:

 Project manager: responsible to the whole project and maintains it on time and budget.
 Business Analysts : Briefly, they collect and frame up user requirements sits between stakeholders and developer.
 System architects: SI System architecture is designed to meet the requirements of the specific system.
 Developers: Write the code and integrate the code with the rest as per design documents.
 Testers: Test the software to verify whether it contains defects.
 Maintenance team: final test and prior to the next evaluation of software deployment ensure the software is still
function and up to date.

Quality Assurance:
QA is most dependent on Integration and testing, Rigorous documentation reviews and testing procedures are
completed at each stage to guarantee the quality. It helps in identifying issues and resolving them as early as possible,
so that it does not impact the stages of the project is a structured way of doing quality assurance.

Testing and Deployment:

Testing is taken up separately as a phase-distinct after implementation to ensure, its bug free before going live. This
phase consists of all types of testing to ensure that all aspects of the system have had been tested to actual
functionality and performance capabilities.
Benefits:
Waterfall provides more structure in terms of phases and milestones Documentation is also great at scale when you
need to either upgrade or need to maintain a project. Having well-defined stages allows for improved predictability of
timelines and costs, thus being able to create a clear road map for the project.

Limitations:
Due to the rigidity of Waterfall—the finished state of each individual phase—changes become very difficult once one
phase is done. Elaborate upfront planning can hinder the commencement of development. When user feedback is
limited until later stages, the product can end up leaving a user with a deficiency.

2. Agile Methodology (Solus Informatics Pvt Ltd., 2019) (Laoyan, 2024)

Project Overview: Mobile application development project for tech startup.

Stages and Structures:

This approach consists of Development in numerous cycles. The stages include:

 Initiation: Initiating the project, planning and requirements gathering. It is a fundamental step in the definition of
the vision of the project and the specification of high-level requirements. Unlike Waterfall, Agile inception is less
intensive and accommodating of changes as the project proceeds.
 Sprint Planning: A Sprint is a time-boxed period, which is typically two to four weeks long during which specific
features or improvements are developed. Sprint Planning is done with the whole team and makes clear what will
be done and in what shape at the end of the sprint.
 Sprints: This is a development and testing cycle of 3 weeks each. Every Sprint, the team will work on the tasks
that have been defined in the sprint planning meeting. Development is gradual and new features are constantly
integrated and tested to ensure they work well with established features.
 Sprint Review: Demonstrating the sprint deliverables to stakeholders. After each sprint, the team shows their
work to the stakeholders for feedback. The process of review conducted before production to check product
quality to meet user agreed requirements can also get adjust according to stakeholder input.
 Retrospective: reviewing how it all worked and what can be done next time you go through this. This is followed
by a retrospective meeting where at the end of the sprint the team discusses what they did well, what they did not,
and how they could make improvements to things in future sprints.
 Release Planning: It involves planning for incremental release of the application. Frequently, agile projects follow
multiple releases with each release delivering a functional increment of the product. This stage verifies that users
remain engaged with the product and that the product keeps making strides to help its users.

User Requirements:
Requirements are collected in an iterative and flexible model permitting constant user feedback and refinement. This
policy ensures that the product will grow around the customer and as the market changes.

Project Job Roles and Responsibilities:

 Product Owner: Own the product backlog and prioritize the right features to work on.
 Scrum Master: This is the person who has more power to know how the Scrum process works and is able to help
the team get it done.
 Development Team: It includes cross-functional team, those who code and writing the test cases for this
application. Most team members have Skill Overlap which enables more collaboration.
 Stakeholders: They review the sprint reviews and make sure the product meets their need and expectations.

Quality Assurance:
Driving quality improvement with Continuous Testing and Continuous Feedback, QA is part of every sprint. This
way, if there are any bugs they can be detected from the start and corrected immediately, ensuring quality is
maintained throughout the project.

Testing and Deployment:

One Importance: Testing is Continuous- Sprint truly ends with a completed and potentially shippable product
increment. Deployment can be done at the end of each sprint so there is a period of time for carefully-controlled
releases and feedback from the user.
Benefits:
Agile changes itself according to user feedback in a very simple way. Continuous delivery ensures that functional
software is released on a regular basis. Higher user satisfaction comes as a result of better understandings of the
project goals and user needs, which is aided by close cooperation.

Limitations:
If you do not control what is implemented, agile projects are in danger of scope creep. It needs the intervention of
experienced professionals all the time, this is the methodology. Less importance on documentation can make future
maintenance difficult. More Agile can also mean less predictability of timelines and costs compared to a structured
approach.

3. PRINCE2 Methodology (Taylor, 2023) (Solus Informatics Pvt Ltd., 2019)

Project Overview: A modernization project of government IT infrastructure.

Stages & Structure:

PRINCE2 methodology has designed structurally over the specified stages. The stages include:

 Project Startup (Initial Plan Development): This phase defines all the fundamentals the project needs to
accomplish and scope out as well as feasibility of the project. They establish the governance, appoint the project
manager, prepare the outline business case and pull together the project team.
 Starting a Project: The 5 steps in more detailed planning and implementing project controls. Create Detailed
Project Plan, Baselines for Scope, Schedule & Budget, Define Roles & Responsibilities Creation of Project
Initiation Document (PID) that highlights all aspects of the project.
 Directing a Project: The highest level of project direction and control. The strategic project board, comprising
senior stakeholders, gives strategic leadership and decides on key points of the project to ensure alignment with
the goals of the organization.
 Managing a Stage Boundary: The process of progressing each stage within the project. This involves the project
manager tracking task completion, progress and issues. Project board receives regular progress reports.
 Managing Product Delivery: that products are shipped as per the schedule. During this phase, the work of teams
is coordinated, deliverables are verified for quality, and changes to product requirements are managed.
 Stage Boundary Controls: Moving from stage to stage. This step involves reviewing the current phase for
completion, planning the next phase and securing project board approval to move on.
 Closing a Project: Formal end of the project and assessment. This Phase includes completion of all project
activities, verifying that all deliverables have been completed, post project review and documenting lessons
learned.

User Requirements:
This takes the form of extensive documentation and even longer sign off process for clearly defining the user
requirements. This makes the whole project easier to understand so that the project meets the needs of the user.

Project Job Roles and Responsibilities:

 Project Board (direction and oversight): It is a balanced board made up of executive/user, and supplier
representatives all provides a balanced view point on the project decisions.
 Project Manager: responsible for overall project and ensuring that the project is on right track.
 Team Manager: Who is a person, who plans the work of his team and makes sure that this is being executed as
planned.
 Support for project: An additional set of hands providing help with administration, documentation, setting up
schedules, etc.

Quality Assurance:
Quality criteria and regular reviews at each and every stage manage the quality of the project. Quality planning,
quality control and quality assurance is an area that is heavily emphasised in PRINCE2, so ensure deliverables adhere
to the standards defined.

Testing and Deployment:

With testing being part of delivery stages making sure we meet defined quality standards before deployment. This
includes different tiers of testing to make sure that every product is up to the end-users spec and working well.

Benefits:
PRINCE2 allows step-by-step progress, has strong governance and control but which scales to the size and complexity
of the project. Comprehensive risk management methodology that takes you through from the identification to the
management of risks. Focus is a codified methodology that is clear about the need for specific documentation and the
existence of formality in processes.

Limitations:
It is a project management certification where the complexity and bureaucracy of PRINCE2 can be overbearing for
smaller projects. Alot of documentation and process can slow down the process of projects. It is less flexible to change
as it is quite rigid when compared to agile methodologies,

Comparison and Evaluation (Taylor, 2023) (Solus Informatics Pvt Ltd., 2019)
Structures and Roles:
Here we have Waterfall, structured and linear in phases with different roles throughout each phase of the project.
Provided the use-case is well-known in advance, and there are not that many expected changes, this is the best fit.
Agile is flexible and user-oriented focused on the iteration between the team being cross-functional and the project
being dynamic. Because PRINCE2 is governance-based with distinct roles and responsibilities at all levels, it is made
for large, complex projects that require bureaucratic control and risk management.

Quality Assurance & Testing:

Waterfall ensures Quality via a dedicated testing phase post implementation. Things like Agile, continuous testing
combined with a self-contained Sprint ensures testing and inspection are built into every part of what the development
team does. PRINCE2 takes care of the quality by reviewing on a regular basis and compliance with quality criteria at
different stages of the project life cycle.

Benefits and Limitations:

So, to mitigate those drawbacks, waterfall, as you know it, increased predictability and a structured way to approach a
release, hence providing confidence that what was planned will be delivered; however, that also implies, waterfall is
inflexible, and can delay starting developments. While Agile is more adaptable and customer focused, it may promote
scope creep and entails greater stakeholder engagement. Whilst PRINCE2 is packed with strong governance and risk
management tools and techniques it is shrouded with a heavy fog of complexity and bureaucratic hurdles.

Conclusion:
There are pros and cons to each project management methodology so each is best suited for different types of projects:

 The waterfall method is well-suited to projects with stable requirements and straightforward linear development
life cycles.
 Agile — good for flexible projects, quick iteration and an ongoing review by real users.
 PRINCE2: Best for large, complex projects that require strict governance and control.

The challenge is that choosing the appropriate methodology is based on the context of the project conditions and the
capabilities of the organization along with the anticipated outcomes.
 Software development feasibility study & project plan

Introduction
The project goal is writing software to manage participants, events, and scoring for a competition that consists of both
teams and individuals. In that fast paced atmosphere, managing these competitions properly serves to improve the
experience for all involved, organizers, participants and spectators, to name but a few. Easily collect names of
participants, scores of the event and calculate who came first, second, third, and so forth with no error at all using the
software.
Competitions, sports or academic in nature, provide an avenue for teamwork and competition, in addition to
development for the growth of the individual. Managing properly these kinds of competitions might help to get a lot
more experience for all the actors, from organizers to participants. It will then streamline the participants name, the
recording of their event score, and ranking of the participants regarding their points via the software. Goal is to get rid
of painfully manual processes, minimize human errors, provide real-time updates on standings, competing, etc.

Objectives
1. User-Friendly interface to input Participant Name and Scores where any non-technical user can easily navigate
through it.
2. Develop the scoring module to support both Team based and Individual Scoring, and make it extensible enough to
cater a verity of events and scoring criteria.
3. Real-time Scoring automated, real-time scoring based on the ranking scoreboards, updated in real-time as a score is
reported so that you can accurately ascertain the status of your competition results in an open and non-discriminatory
manner.
4. That it is robust, operates well and can handle more and more users and events in future iterations.
5. Create user-friendly software by adding user interface best practices and responsive properties to support multiple
devices.

Overall Description
The competition consists of four teams and twenty individuals and ten events in total, where each team and individual
contest in 5 of 10 events. These events can be either academic (Quiz, Code War, Debate) or sports events (Basketball,
Relay run, Track events etc). Each of these events have different scoring criteria and requirements that the software
must be able to handle. So while academic events might have systems with points, a sports event maybe have based on
time or performance.

Key Features
Entry: Team and single input names screens.
Score Entry: Scoring for Each event on forms.
Ranking System: Based on Point System and Real-time rankings.
User Interface: Simple and intuitive interface designed for users.
Dashboard: Main dashboard allowing to see easily event results, and who is ranked where.

Requirements Specification
Functional Requirements
1. Participant Management:
 You can key the name of all the four teams.
 be able to save the names of 20 people.
 Ability to edit and delete participant entries with validation to accurately handle all corner cases.

2. Event Management:
 Track the results in the 5 team, and 5 individual events (plus their own custom fields for inputting the results of
different types of events).
 List events in academic/sport, enabling you to specify the scoring criteria for academic and sport separately.
 Event scheduling and coordination capabilities, including creation and management of event schedules with start
times, durations, and locations

3. Scoring System:
 Rank points inside each event, in which they can be assigned with different flexibility according to the nature of
events.
 Award points based on overall rankings at each event, and note total scores for both teams and players.
 Manually adjust scores if needed, and log the adjustment.
4. Ranking:
 Teams, Athletes Ranks based on Total Points with Display options for Event Type/Variation;
 Automatically update standings as scores are input to display results instantly.
 Report on participant results thoroughly, statistics such as graphs and charts are fine to use as token pictures.

Non-Functional Requirements
1. Usability: The user should be able to understand the interface and navigate through it easily and the developer
should provide instructions or helpful tips wherever possible.
2. Performance: Inputs should be processed and the rankings should be atomically updated and the system should have
a target response time of <2s for most operations.
3. Availability: The system should not be down when it counts and should ensure that data is correct most of the
times, at least 99.9% of the times
4. Maintainability: The software itself must be changeable and modular so that update and patch process can be done
in a piecemeal fashion.
5. Scalable: The solution must scale to accommodate a growing number of users and events in future versions as well
as adding new features as needed.

Success Criteria
 Entry and storage of participant name and score is done successfully.
 Correct statistics calculation and rankings display.
 User feedback for the interface and functionality was good.
 The system is still predictable and dependable given normal conditions.
 The predefined performance metrics that the system improved or optimized for, typically some combination of
response time and uptime.

Possible Solutions (Patadiya, 2024) (TechTarget , 2023)

Solution 1: A Customized Desktop Application

Description:
For example, you can create a custom desktop application using Python or Java with a graphical user interface (GUI)
for entering data and displaying ranking.

Advantages
 Performance: Improved response Times as the code runs closer to the application.
 Security: Locally stored data. Therefore no damage from online data breaches.
 Customization: Extremely customizable to fit users specific needs.
 Offline Access: Does not rely on availability of internet connectivity.

Disadvantages
 Platform Dependency: Have to be installed on every user's machine.
 Maintenance: Changes/bug fixes to be pushed on every machine.
 Limited Accessibility: No access is available beyond the device where the software is located.

Solution 2: A Web-Based Application

Description
Develop a web app with things like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Django or Node fine its a backend framework. js. It will
work in a web browser.

Advantages
Accessibility: Access from any device with web browser.
Ease of Maintenance: Change deployments are centralized.
Scalability: Relatively easier to scale for more users or features.
Platform Independence: The app is available across various operating systems.

Disadvantages
Performance: Likely to be less responsive as a result of networking delays.
Security: More exposure to possible online-security threats.
Dependency on Internet: Needs a stable internet connection.
Evaluation of Solutions (TechTarget , 2023) (Patadiya, 2024)
A Customized Desktop Application

1. Risks and Constraints

Deployment: Installing onto devices.
Compatibility: Predictability into the different operating systems
User Training: The application requires some basic knowledge and setup for users.

2. Risk Management
Automated Installer: Create an installer for easier installation.
Cross-Platform Development: by using a framework like Electron.
User Guides: Offer detailed documentation and training materials.

Web-Based Application (Patadiya, 2024)

1. Risks and Constraints

Security: Prevent information leakage and how to protect my data privacy.
Reliability: Availability and Responsiveness all the time.
Internet Dependency: users should have steady internet connection

2. Risk Management
Secure Coding Practices: Follow the best practices suggested in the security guidelines and regularly audit the work.
Load Balancing: Treat each component as a separate unit and use load balancers and fail over systems for higher
reliability.
Offline Mode: Offline mode for data entry that syncs when online.

Preferred Solution
After this evaluation, they choose the web based application as the most suitable solution for this tournament, for
being available, its maintenance, and its scalability. This will be proven dangerous in terms of security and reliability,
which may be imporved by the respective parties with future measures.

Project Plan
Project Phases
1. Kick-off: Identify project selection, success criteria, and project sponsor.
2. Plan: Develop detailed project plan with timeline, resources, and budget
3. Execution: Start development of the software according to the project plan.
4. Monitor and Control: Keep an eye on the progress, risks and adjust as required.
5. Closure: End of the project, get the user's feedback, learn lessons.

Tasks and Timeline

1. Gather Requirements (2 weeks)
 Meet with the stakeholders
 Keep detailed documentations of the requested functionality

2. Design (3 weeks)
 Wire frames and Mock-ups
 Develop system architecture.

3. Development (6 weeks)
 Front-end (HTML, CSS, JS).
 For back-end development (Django/Node. js).
 Configuration and Integration with database.

4. Testing (3 weeks)
 Unit testing.
 Integration testing.
 User acceptance testing.
5. Deployment (1 week)
 Set up hosting environment.
 Deploy the application.

6. Training & Documentation (2 weeks)

 Create help files and user training documents.
 Train users for use of the system.

7. Continued Support and Maintenance

 Provide ongoing support.
 Update and Enhancements Done

Risk Management (StackHawk, 2023)

1. Risk Identification
 Periodically re-evaluate potential risks throughout the project.
 Maintain a risk register.

2. Risk Analysis
 Make assessments for the threat and influence of each danger.
 Rank risks according to their potential effect on the project.

3. Risk Mitigation
 Implementing risk reduction strategies for high-priority risks
 Implement contingency plans.

4. Risk Monitoring
 The project is a work in progress so risk mitigation needs to be done in real time.
 Have those who provide mobile security adjust their risk management strategy.

Meetings and Communication

1. Kickoff Meeting: Preliminary meeting with appropriate parties to define project goals, resources and
responsibilities.
1. Weekly Status Meetings: Weekly updates on progress, risks and issues.
2. Phase-end: Detailed review after every end of phase
3. Ad-hoc Meetings: Escalated for immediate resolution of any urgent issues or changes to the project scope.
4. Final Review Meeting: An evaluation after the project to talk about what went well, what didn't and what could
be learned for the future.

Project Phasing (Foley, 2024) (kissflow, 2024)

Phase 1: Initiation
The main purpose of the initiation phase is to outline the project scope, goals and determine stakeholders. This stage
entails a few crucial activities. The initial stage in the process is to recognize every single project stakeholder and
make the job roles really clear to all of them. This ensures that the parties concerned know what is required for them
and what is expected from them. This is followed by defining the project objectives and scope. This involves framing
the projects goals and constraints. Finally Make sure to complete the project charter to assist with defining the
parameters of the implementation efforts. A charter is a legal document that contains the approval of the project, its
objectives, scope, stakeholders, overall vision.

Phase 2: Planning
During this phase, the project plan, consisting of an elaborate timeline, resource allocation, and budget, is crystalized.
This phase starts by conducting requirement gathering sessions with stakeholders. Here, these brief workshops are
very important as they help you ascertain the needs and expectations of the involved parties and help in ensuring that
the project is in alignment with their requirements. Once you have done the above, you should now build an elaborate
project plan. This plan should split the tasks, define a deadline and manage resources in an orderly manner. Also, risk
management and communications plans need to be developed. These plans aid in recognising the future risk and
developing a communications mechanism to manage it.
Phase 3: Execution
Execution is the stage where software is actually being developed as per the project plan. This step comprises of some
of the most vital tasks. Well, front end development made through HTML, CSS, JavaScript which is used to create
UI(front-end) part for the user and for better user experience. After that come back-end using Django or Node etc. js
— For the server-side logic, and database interactions. Other than that, setting up the database and integrate in this
phase is important, so the software can store data and could retrieve it efficiently. After that, we need to conduct a unit
and integration testing to find bugs that we should fix before deployment the software

Phase 4: Monitoring and Control

The monitoring and control phase aims to monitor the progress of the project to ensure the project is on the right track
with managing risks and make necessary changes that will keep it this way. This is the time phase in which bi-weekly
status meetings and reports are circulated to all stakeholders to keep them updated on the status of the project. This
will ensure that the project manager updates the risk register and implements mitigation strategies for the identified
risks to manage these effectively. Also, should take corrective actions on making changes in the plan/tasks to satisfy
the issues or changes of scope during the project execution to keep the project in its track on time with the objective.

Phase 5: Closure
The final closure is move project into the project, get user feedback and document the lessons learned. This phase
starts with performing user acceptance testing to verify that the software fulfills the needs and expectations of
everyone who will eventually rely on it. After that, the last deployment of the software is performed, ready for use.
User Feedback This is an important phase, where the user based will allow to catch issues or final areas of
improvement. When addressed, the users are happy. Finally, it is also important to document your learnings. This type
of documentation presents useful understandings and learnings that can be implemented to make any new projects
better and successful. When all the tasks are done, the project is closed.

Project Management Processes (kissflow, 2024) (Ahluwalia, 2018)

Risks, Issues, and Tasks Development (StackHawk, 2023)
Successfully managing a project entails the organized delivery of risks, issues, and work packages. Risk management
is imperative for recognizing, appraising, and top risks that may influence the project. Developing and deploying
mitigation strategies will help to lower these risks and decrease the possible impact of these risks. Continual
monitoring and reviewing risk guarantee new risks are identified and managed early on. Issue management keeps you
and your team focused on identifying and resolving issues before they become big problems that derail your project. If
an issue log is kept up-to-date it serves as a clear log that tracks the status of all issues and notes responsibility for
resolution. How you break the project down into across tasks for the same, give responsibility to team members &
how you monitor the progress of each task This ensures every project aspect has been catered for and goes as planned,
with check-ins and course-correction to keep things moving and address any roadblocks

Prioritizing of Work
It is mandatory to do some grind prior, for the reason that the key tasks, as a matter of fact the crucial tasks obtain
every concern regarding time and resources. MoSCoW (Must have, Should have, Could have, Won't have) can help
determine what order tasks should be completed in, depending on their significance and how they will contribute to
the end goal. Time management is also important because it helps to get the important things done on time. This will
demand a lot of planning, tracking every now and then and amend accordingly on the go to adjust with if there is any
change or delay from the other side. This is why it is so important to have resource allocation to order tasks, and have
the resources ready to be allocated for high priority tasks. They can prevent bottlenecks and ensure a smooth progress
through properly managing both human and material resources.

Barriers or Constraints
It is important to manage these barriers and constraints, in order to keep the project on course and making sure the
project flows smoothly. Scope Management: Properly defining an accurate project scope up front, and documenting
changes using a formal change control process, will prevent scope creep and keep the project on track with project
objectives. Keeping some resources for a later stage of the project is fundamental to making certain you have
everything you need to carry out the project, so you might need to do some resource management if there are any
restrictions to limiting the availability of resources such as financial constraints or staff shortages. Adequate resource
management leads to fewer unwanted delays and interruptions. It also requires careful watch over the project timeline
so the project can continue webinar on its schedule. The project can also maintain its velocity if the schedule is often
reviewed, the variation inquired and if adjustments need to be made.
Regular Meetings Project Journeys
Regularity in meetings, meetings are the Key Regular meetings are the basics of an efficient project management tool,
These meetings provide a regular communication, coordination, and problem-solving ecosystem. Regularly scheduled
status meetings to check progress, discuss problem areas, and plan upcoming work provides assurance that all team
members are on the same page and informed. It provides transparency and accountability for the documentation.
Teams hold unscheduled or impromptu meetings as necessary to manage pressing issues or modifications to project
scope which help team members address new obstacles as well as to make immediate decisions. Critical reviews are
held at the end of each project phase to review the progress, identify any concerns and make changes to the project
plan as necessary. Reviews like these help with keeping the project on schedule and bring correctional courses to
where it may be needed allowing continuous improvement.

Cost and Resource Control

Controlling budget and resources is the most important part of project management, which allows us to keep our
project economically feasible and resource efficient. Within them, the essential concept might be simply to say money
management is about tracking the bills of the project and assuring that your project falls within its financial bounds.
This calls for meticulously planned accounting, monitoring, and record-keeping of all outgoings. Efficient Resource
Management involves planning, allocation, and monitoring the movement of resources to reduce waste and optimise
for use. Cost Control — which refers to implementing cost-saving techniques, and to monitor expenses so that the
project is delivered within budget. With the proper cost management in place, members of the project team can see to
it that available financial resources are used wisely and that the financial state of the project remains in good health
throughout its life-cycle.

Implementation Of Plan
The project life-cycle begins with a phase Requirement Gathering which spans two weeks, we hold the meeting with
stakeholders to understand their problem statement and accordingly documenting the detail requirements in term of
functional and non functional.
The next phase is a three-week Design phase, where wire-frames and mock-ups for the user interface are generated,
along with system architecture including the database schema and API design.
After this comes Development which lasts for six weeks and here is where they write the front end part using HTML,
CSS, and JavaScript, and write the back-end code using Django or Node. It covers basics such as your hello world in
Node, setting up a database and connecting it to a node server using JS
A three week thorough Testing phase validates system with the end-users, including unit testing, integration testing,
and User Acceptance testing, for increased confidence that the software is reliable.
Deployment phase lasts for 1 week, prepare hosting environment and deploy application to production.
Over two weeks post-deployment Training and Documentation rigorously test user guides, training content and
deliver hands on sessions for users of the system.
Lastly, the Support and Maintenance phase is continuous, as the app needs ongoing support to fix any problems, and
to release user-driven updates or adaptations to changing conditions.

Risk Management Plan

Successful projects that address these risks incorporate several key steps in their risk management practice. Step 1 is
Risk Identification regular risk assessments performed through the life of the project to find any threats. The risk
register plays a critical role in logging these identified risks and in reporting and tracking the risks systematically.
After the identification, Risk Analysis is performed to assess what to do when you face the risk, it determines the
probability and impact of each risk, allowing the project team to give attention to the most severe risks and prioritize
areas, based on their potential risk on the project. It priorities to focus scrolling through high risk triggers that can still
affect the projects in determine its success. The Risk Mitigation phase answers how the team has developed
mitigation strategies to address high-priority risks and implemented contingency plans to address issues before they
become bigger problems. Finally, Risk Monitoring in ongoing assessment of identified risks throughout the project.
The team is able to stay updated with the current risks and make changes to this risk management plan, so that the
project is able to recover from any adversity that it may suffer and it stays on track to complete.

Project Monitoring and Control

Successful project management necessitates adherence to a number of best practices to keep a project on time and on
course. Weekly progress reports should be made to the stakeholders, identifying any issues/Risks and corrective
action taken to address the same. It keeps all updated and intervene timely if required. Another important point in this
regard is tracking Performance Metrics which ensures that key metrics like Task Completion rates, Budget
Adherence etc are measured. They serve as metrics to check the health of the project and shows the areas where
project lacks. There are Quality Control measures to assure that the project accomplishes pre-defined standards by
having common reviews and audits to maintain compliance with these standards. This leads to provide a great quality
end product. Any changes to the project scope must be championed by Change Management. The impact of
proposed changes on the project timeline, budget and resources are evaluated using a formal change control process,
which is used to manage any changes, so that they do not overwhelm or jeopardize the project.

Evaluation of Project Success

There are five areas that make up effective project closure and evaluation. User Feedback, most importantly, is this
component. Where as the name suggests, feedback from users is collected to analyze their satisfaction with the
system. This feedback helps the platform to identify opportunities for improvements and possible future enhancements
to make the system aligned with users requirements. Performance Metrics, the performance metrics are measured
against its pre-defined success criteria such as response time, uptime, to determine whether the project has met its
goals and delivered the benefits that were expected. This assessment is a step to understand the project benefit and
success. Document Lessons Learned the project should document what worked well and what didn't in the project so
that future initiatives can build upon this knowledge. A post-project review will detail the successes and the ways in
which to improve for the next project. And lastly the Final Report is created which consolidates the results of the
program, covering successes, hurdles, and direction for future programs. The Documentation This report will provide
a detailed overview of the project and will act as a basis for any potential improvements in the approaches used for
managing projects.

Conclusion
Creating a piece of software to facilitate a competition with both team and individual is a big challenge but a
manageable task. With proper project management and by actively managing risk and engaging stakeholders
throughout the project, this tool could return value and an improved competition experience. The ideal one was a web
based application, a solution that reconciles accessibility, maintainability and scalability to keep the software up to
date with the current needs, and adapt to the requests of the near future. Given that the project is planned, executed,
monitored, and controlled carefully, the project result can achieve its objectives and become a success.

Report on Project Management Skills and Behaviors in Software Development Project

Introduction
For a recent software development project, we were tasked with building a web application that would manage team
and individual competition. This report examines how the project management skills and behaviors that were
implemented in the project and assesses their effectiveness and provides recommendations for improvement. This
analysis clearly covers not only the project management side of the story but as well the SDLC pool.

Project Management Skills Applied (Kantor, 2023)

Planning and Scheduling
A large part of the project was in the detailed project planning and scheduling. They created a detailed project plan
that identified a timeline along with specific milestones and deliverables. This is a skill that allowed me to create a
workflow, which was great in helping visualize the overall timeline of the project as well as to complete tasks on time.
Having a detailed schedule assisted in keeping focus and monitoring progress. But future work may benefit from more
routine schedule adjustments to account for delays or changes in scope.

Risk Management
Risk management was identifying the risks, assessing their impact, and coming up with a mitigation plan. An updated
risk register was maintained. This is what the proactive approach to risk management resulted in — the ability to nip
the troubles in the bud. Strategies to mitigate identified risks had a substantial impact. Risk management worked well,
but it is important that more risk analysis be included at the outset in risk analysis, especially for high-impact risks.
This may allow a more extended view by informing risk workshops with all stakeholders, which often resulted in a
more thorough risk identification.

Communication
We then ensured regular communication was maintained weekly with status meetings and progress reports and ad-hoc
communication as needed. Stakeholders were communicated about the progress of the project and any problem
encountered. All team members and stakeholders were on the same page, thanks to a simple, effective communication
method. This helped to provide the resolution of problems at a quicker pace and also ensured the stakeholders remain
engaged when needed. Standardizing communication (e.g. recurring meetings with agreed agendas and minutes) could
increase clarity and accountability. Moreover, utilizing tools that enable collaboration and allow for real-time updates
and communication might increase efficiency as well.
Quality Management
This is about periodic reviews, testing phases, and compliance with predefined standards, which carried through to
what we now call “quality management practices.” Unit and integration testing were performed to test the correctness
and robustness of the system. These practices resulted in a end product that was tested through and through to the end
user, on every platform, and could fall back to last-phase reliable. Quality Control : They adopted a structured way of
performing product quality control which helped in detecting & fixing defects at early stage. The next project could
improve by including some test automation tools and avoiding lot of manual time invested in testing. CI/CD to be
making it better in terms of quality management by enforcing the more reliable and frequent releases.

Relevant Behaviors Applied (Birt, 2023)

Leadership
The project team were given clear direction, motivation and support by example, this represents leadership. The
project manager made certain associates had the proper resources and guidance in order to best perform their duties.
HighTeam Morale, and Productivity: Great leadership led to higher team morale and team productivity. It helped to
the team in getting focused on what are the goals and all started working together to meet them. Improving leadership
skills and training in higher concept leadership as well as conflict resolution to ensure even higher team dynamics and
performance, which would result in greater success in future projects / campaigns.

Adaptability
Adaptability to cope with scope changes and unforeseeable challenges throughout the project. The adaptability in
approach enabled them to pivot where needed or find alternative solutions to most of the problems confronting them.
This flexibility was essential in ensuring the project stayed true following changes and setbacks. This in turn allowed
the team to react promptly to problems that arose in the software ecosystem running the memory store. Adopting
specific Agile methodologies could create stronger and more formal adaptive management mechanisms for future
projects to accommodate changes systematically and better adjust to them.

Problem-Solving
Used problem-solving skills to solve technical difficulties, resource shortages, and scheduling conflicts. The solution
employed the systematic method of Root Cause Analysis and Brainstorming. Problem solving was efficient and led to
quick resolution with minimal interruption. The structured manner really out to work best sustainable solutions for any
sophisticated issues. Training in novel techniques, like Six Sigma or Lean methodologies, may enhance problem-
solving skills and increase capacity to deal with difficult project challenges.

Collaboration
Work as Team and Open Communication was discussed Collaboration was stressed. Team members were able to
share ideas give criticisms and also find ways on how they all could contribute in order to accomplish the goals of the
projects. Increased collaboration levels not only made the process more creative, but also brought success to all the
projectsOutcome It also allowed for the team to use each others’ skill sets and work together. Future projects could
have benefited from more structured collaboration means, including regular team- building, team bonding exercises,
and tools to help team coordinate and communicate better.

Suggestions for Improvement

Enhance Risk Management
Training on advanced risk management techniques for project managers and for the project management team [6] to
improve in risk management. Risk management software will help to track and analysis of risks. Furthermore, a
holistic approach, involving everyone in the identification of risks as well as the planning of their mitigation leads to a
more effective risk management.

Improve Communication
I would like to add that for enhanced communication, set nearly universal communication protocols in place so that
many things about communication are pre-determined. Efficiency using collaborative tools like slack / ms teams for
real time communication & updates Creating repeated feedback cycles will enable to continuously improve the
communication best practices.

Agile techniques Should be Used More

Integrating Agile methodologies will make the projects more flexible and responsive. It is essential to train the team in
Agile methodologies such as Scrum or Kanban. Continuous improvement in Agile can be achieved by practicing
Agile methodologies and running periodic retrospectives to recognize and work on improvement.
Invest in Continuous Learning
We must invest in learning and development together to grow the tea It is highly recommended to motivate your team
to get certified and trained in project management and software development, as well. Workshops / Seminars for
Latest Tools and Techniques of Project Management to Keep the Team in Sync Finally, encouraging such learning
and knowledge sharing will bolster their skills to a greater extent.

Conclusion
The success of the project of software development was emphasized this way in the requirement management also the
vital points of the knowledge and skill of the project management were discussed by highlighting the knowledge area
and the management area. Most of the project management practices applied were effective, however there are areas
which granted opportunity for improvement. Utilizing Agile methodologies while strengthening risk assessment,
communication, flexibility, and problem-solving skills can make future projects even more successful than the current
one. This is why the team of the company too is going to get better and better & such knowledge can come only
through continuous learning and professional development, which ensures the delivery of high quality software
solutions in a dynamic and challenging environment.

References
Ahluwalia, D. C. (2018, June 18). Flexible resource management and its effect on project cost and duration.
Retrieved from SpringerLink: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40092-018-0277-3
Birt, J. (2023, september 26). 20 Essential Skills Every Project Manager Should Have. Retrieved from
indeed: https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/project-management-skills
Foley, J. (2024, May 13). Mastering software quality with Agile collaboration. Retrieved from Agile
Alliance: https://www.agilealliance.org/mastering-software-quality-with-agile-collaboration/
Kantor, D. (2023, April 5). Essential PM Skills for Software Development. Retrieved from Sovtech:
https://www.sovtech.com/blog/essential-project-management-skills-for-successful-software-
development#:~:text=The%20role%20of%20project%20management,the%20allocated%20time
%20and%20budget.
kissflow. (2024, May 22). 5 Phases of Project Management – A Complete Breakdown. Retrieved from
kissflow: https://kissflow.com/project/five-phases-of-project-management/
Laoyan, S. (2024, Febuary 2). What is Agile methodology? (A beginner’s guide). Retrieved from asana:
https://asana.com/resources/agile-methodology
Patadiya, J. (2024, May 20). A Beginner's Guide to Desktop App Development. Retrieved from Radix:
https://radixweb.com/blog/desktop-application-development-guide
Solus Informatics Pvt Ltd. (2019, January 5). Agile vs Waterfall vs Prince2 (Advantages and
Disadvantages). Retrieved from LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/agile-vs-waterfall-
prince2-advantages-disadvantages-solus/
StackHawk. (2023, March 1). 10 Web Application Security Threats and How to mitigate them. Retrieved
from StackHawk: https://www.stackhawk.com/blog/10-web-application-security-threats-and-how-to-
mitigate-them/
Taylor, E. (2023, April 28). Key Difference of Prince2 and Waterfall. Retrieved from
theknowledgeacademy: https://www.theknowledgeacademy.com/blog/prince2-and-waterfall/
TechTarget . (2023, January). web application (web app). Retrieved from TechTarget:
https://www.techtarget.com/searchsoftwarequality/definition/Web-application-Web-app
 1
7
Roots IVY International College. Opposite Gate#1, DHA2 Main GT Road, Islamabad
T: +92 51 5208184
 1
8
Roots IVY International College. Opposite Gate#1, DHA2 Main GT Road, Islamabad
T: +92 51 5208184