XII NEET TOPPERS ZOOLOGY WORK SHEET FOR PT - 4 & 5:

LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT

1. When the movement results in displacement of organism, it is called .

2. in paramecium help in ingestion of prey and Locomotion.
3. Hydra can use its for capturing prey and also use them for Locomotion.
4. All are movements but all are not locomotions.
5. Locomotion is a movement.
6. Three main type of movements namely amoeboid, ciliary and muscular are exhibited by
cells.
7. Macrophages and Leucocytes in human body exhibit .
8. has evolutionary significance as it helps in search of food, shelter, mate, escape from
predators etc.
9. is exhibited by pseudopodia formed by streaming movement of cytoplasm.
10. The type of movement which occurs in respiratory and genital tract is .
11. The type of movement that occurs in our limbs, jaws, tongue etc is .
12. Streaming movements of cytoplasm and cytoskeletal elements like microfilaments are involved in
.
13. The property of muscles are effectively used for Locomotion and other
movements in animals.
14. Among amoeboid, ciliary, flagellar and muscular movements, sperm cells show
.
15. through the female reproductive tract is facilitated by
.
16. Muscular, skeletal and neural systems have to work in perfect co-ordination to bring .
17. Cilia and flagella are the outgrowths of .
18. contribute to about 40-50 percent of the body weight of a adult human.
19. Maintenance of water current in canal system of sponges is due to .
20. Muscle is a specialized tissue of origin.
21. Excitability, contractility, extensibility and Elasticity are the special properties of
.
22. The criterion for classifying the muscles into skeletal, visceral and cardiac is .
23. The muscles that are closely associated with the skeletal components of the body are primarily
involved in .
24. Skeletal muscles are called because of their striped appearance under microscope.
25. are known as voluntary muscles as their activities are under the voluntary
control of nervous system.
26. are smooth (non striated), involuntary muscles located in the inner walls of hollow
visceral organs.
27. Among the following organs like alimentary canal, reproductive tract, blood vessels and tongue,
smooth muscles are absent in .
28. located in the inner walls of alimentary canal assist in the transportation of
food.
29. Peristalsis of gut is due to contraction of located in the wall of gut.
30. The transportation of gametes through the genital tract is due to the contractionof
in the walls of genital tract.
31. Movement of urine from kidney to urinary bladder is due to contractions of
located in the walls of ureters.
32. is a series of wave like contractions of smooth muscles.
33. Smooth muscles are as their activities are not under the voluntary control of
the nervous system.
34. Smooth muscles are also called as they are located in the inner walls of visceral
organs.
35. Visceral muscles lack striations. Hence, they are called .
36. A network of cardiac muscle cells form a .
37. are located in myocardium of heart.
38. make up the middle and thickest layer of the heart wall and is made up of
cardiac muscles.
39. are striated involuntary muscles.
40. Cardiac muscles are as the nervous system does not control their activities
directly.
41. A is made of a number of muscle bundles or fascicles.
42. The fascicles of a skeletal muscle are held together by a common collagenous connective tissue layer
called .
43. Each contains a number of muscle fibres.
44. A muscle fibre is lined by the plasma membrane called .
45. Muscle fibre is multinucleated, so it is a .
46. of sarcoplasmic reticulum or endoplasmic reticulum of the muscle fibre is the
store house of calcium ions.
47. A characteristic feature of the muscle fibre is the presence of .
48. A large number of myofibrils or myofilaments are arranged parallelly in the
of muscle fibre.
49. A myofibril is striated due to the distribution pattern of two important proteins
.
50. A has alternate dark and light bands on it.
51. Light band is called and it contains actin
52. Dark band is called and it contains myosin.
53. Actin and myosin are arranged to each other and also to the longitudinal axis of the
myofibrils.
54. Actin filaments are commonly called and myosin filaments are commonly called
.
55. An elastic fibre called bisects the I band.
56. Thin filaments in I band are firmly attached to the .
57. The thick filaments in the A band are held together by a thin fibrous membrane called
present in the middle of the band.
58. The portion of the myofibril between two successive ‘Z’ lines is called .
59. Sarcomere is considered as the of contraction.
60. The central part of thick filament, not over lapped by thin filaments is called the .
61. Z line is also called .
62. H zone is also called .
63. A thin (Actin) filament is made of two helically wound to each other
64. Each ‘F’ Actin is a polymer of monomeric .
65. Two filaments of runs throughout the length of ‘F’ actins.
66. is a complex protein distributed at regular intervals on the Tropomyosin.
67. In a relaxed muscle, α subunit of masks the active binding sites on the actin filaments.
68. A myosin (thick) filament is a protein made of many monomeric proteins called
.
69. A meromyosin has two important parts called .
70. Globular head with a short arm is called .
71. Tail of meromyosin is called .
72. Head and short arm (HMM) projects outward from the surface of a polymerized myosin filament and
is known as .
73. The Globular head of myosin is an active .
74. The of myosin has binding sits for ATP and active sites for actin.
75. explains the mechanism of muscle contraction.
76. According to sliding filament hypothesis, the sliding of the thin filaments over the thick filaments
causes the of a muscle fibre.
77. A neural signal from sent to the muscle via a motor neuron initiates the process
of muscle contraction.
78. A motor neuron along with the muscle fibres connected to it constitute a .
79. The junction between a motor neuron and sarcolemma of muscle fibre is called the
.
80. Action potential in sarcolemma is generated by a released at
neuromuscular junction.
81. A reaching the neuro muscular junction releases a neurotransmitter like Acetyl
Choline.
82. The depolarization of muscle fibre causes the release of into the sarcoplasm.
83. When concentration of calcium ions increases, calcium ions bind with a on actin
filaments.
84. Binding of with actin filaments exposes active sites.
85. Formation of a is an active process and energy for cross bridge formation is
derived from .
86. Myosin head binds to the exposed active sites on actin to form a .
87. pull the attached actin filaments towards the centre of A band (H zone).
88. attached to Actin filaments are pulled towards centre by cross bridges resulting
in shortening of the .
89. Shortening of sarcomere is .
90. During , length of the sarcomere and I band gets reduced.
91. There is no change in the length of the during muscle contraction.
92. The head of myosin goes back to by releasing the ADP and Pi.
93. Cross bridge is broken when a new ATP bind to the .
94. Repeated making and breaking of causes further sliding filaments.
95. Pumping back of Ca++ ions into the results in masking of actin filaments.
96. Returning of ‘Z’ lines back to their original position is called .
97. The reaction time of in different muscles is different.
98. Repeated activation of the muscles can result in .
99. Repeated activation of the muscles can lead to accumulation of .
100. Accumulation of Lactic acid is due to anaerobic breakdown of in muscle.
101. is because of accumulation of Lactic acid in them due to anaerobic breakdown
of glycogen when muscle is activated repeatedly.
102. is a red coloured oxygen storing pigment present in muscle.
103. are the muscles with high content of myogiobin which give them reddish colour.
104. Red fibres contain large number of to utilize the large amount of oxygen stored in
them for ATP production.
105. Red fibres are also called as .
106. are muscles which appear pale or whitish due to very less quantity of
myoglobin.
107. White fibres are with few and high amount of .
108. White fibres depend on _ process for energy.
109. consist of bones and cartilages.
110. Bone and cartilage are _ .
111. The matrix of bone is very hard due to the presence of .
112. The matrix of cartilage is slightly pliable due to .
113. Study of bones is .
114. Study of cartilage is .
115. There are bones in human body.
116. of human consists of 80 bones
117. In the bones are distributed along the main axis of the body.
118. The skull, vertebral column, sternum and ribs constitute .
119. There are 22 bones in , 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones.
120. is a hard protective outer covering of Brain.
121. ‘U’ shaped skull bone called is present at the base of the buccal cavity.
122. There are ear ossicles in a human.
123. 3 Ear ossicles are present in each .
124. Malleus, Incus and stapes collectively called .
125. Human skull is as it has two occipital condyles.
126. help in articulation of skull with the superior region of vertebral column.
127. Vertebral column is a dorsally placed bone made up of 26 serially arranged units called
.
128. Among skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum, the main framework of the trunk is
.
129. is the central hollow portion of vertebra through which spinal cord passes.
130. is the first vertebra of vertebral column.
131. The skull articulates with the first vertebra of vertebral column with the help of
.
132. There are vertebrae in vertebral column of human.
133. The order of different vertebral in vertebral column is
.
134. In almost all mammals including humans, the number of are seven.
135. The ascending order of vertebrae (with respect to number) in vertebral column of human beings is
.
136. protects the spinal cord, supports the head and serves as a point of attachment
for ribs and musculature of back.
137. A flat bone on the ventral midline of thorax is .
138. There are _ pairs of ribs in humans.
139. Humans have ribs.
140. is a thin flat bone connected dorsally to vertebral column and ventrally to sternum.
141. Human ribs are or .
142. The of each rib has two articulation surfaces. Hence ribs are bicephalic.
143. First seven pairs of ribs are called .
144. True ribs are ribs as they are connected to vertebral column dorsally and
sternum ventrally.
145. The Hyaline cartilage that connects ribs to sternum is called .
146. 8th, 9th, 10th pairs of ribs are .
147. Vertebrochondral ribs join the seventh rib with the help of .
148. 11th and 12th pair of ribs are as they are not connected ventrally.
149. and are not connected to sternum.
150. All 12 pairs of ribs are connected dorsally to the _ .
151. Thoracic vertebrae, ribs and sternum together form the .
152. The bones of the limbs along with their girdles constitute the .
153. Each limb is made of bones.
154. Total number of limb bones in human being are _ .
155. Humerus, Radius and Ulna are long bones of .
156. Carpals or wrist bones (8) and meta carpals or palm bones (5) are bones of
157. is the longest bone.
158. Femur, Tibia and Fibula are long bones of .
159. Tarsals or ankle bones (7) and metatarsals (5) are bones of .
160. are bones of digits ( both fingers and toes)
161. Each limb has phalanges.
162. is a cup shaped bone which covers the knee centrally.
163. help in the articulation of appendicular skeleton with Axial skeleton.
164. help in articulation of upper limb with axial skeleton.
165. help in articulation of lower limb with axial skeleton.
166. Each is formed of two halves.
167. Each half of consists of a clavicle and a scapula.
168. A large triangular flat bone in the dorsal part of thorax is .
169. is a triangular flat bone situated in dorsal part of thorax between the second
and seventh ribs.
170. Slightly elevated ridge on the dorsal flat triangular body of scapula is .
171. The spine of scapula projects as a flat expanded process called the .
172. The articulates with the acromian process of scapula.
173. A depression present below the acromian process of scapula is called .
174. The head of the Humerus articulates with the Glenoid cavity of pectoral girdle to form a type of
called shoulder joint.
175. is a long slender bone of pectoral girdle.
176. Clavicle is commonly called the and it is with two curvatures.
177. consists of two coxal bones.
178. Ilium, Ischium and pubis bones fuse to form a .
179. is a cavity present at the point of fusion of three Ilium, Ischium and pubis.
180. The ball end of thigh bone or Femur articulates with the Glenoid cavity of pelvic girdle to form a
type of _ joint.
181. The two halves of the pelvic girdle meet ventrally to form the .
182. are essential for all types of movements involving the bony parts of the body.
183. are essential for locomotory movement.
184. are points of contacts between bones and bones or between bones and cartilages.
185. is the study of joints.
186. The movements in a joint are due to force generated by the .
187. Force generated by the muscle is transmitted to the bones of a joint by .
188. Joint acts as a fixed point known as where a bone can move around.
189. exhibit different degree of movement.
190. Fibrous, Cartilaginous and synovial are 3 forms of joints.
191. Fibrous joints are joints.
192. Sutures are joints.
193. Bones of cranium are connected by fibrous joints called .
194. In fibrous joints like sutures, the flat bones are fused end to end with the help of .
195. The flat skull bones are fused in the form of sutures to form the .
196. joints are slightly movable joints.
197. In Cartilaginous joints, the bones are joined together with the help of .
198. The joints which permit limited movements are _ joints.
199. The joints between the adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column are joints.
200. joints are freely movable joints.
201. The joints which permit considerable movement are .
202. In a synovial joint, the presence of a fluid filled synovial cavity allows .
203. Synovial joints help in and many other movements.
204. Ball and socket joint is a type of _ joint.
205. Shoulder joint is a type of .
206. Knee joint is a .
207. is formed between 1st cervical vertebra atlas and second cervical vertebra axis.
208. is a synovial joint formed between carpals.
209. is a synovial joint formed between carpal and metacarpals of thumb.
210. Ball and socket joint, hinge joint, pivot joint, gliding joint and saddle joint are examples of
.
211. An autoimmune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction leading to paralysis of skeletal muscle is
.
212. is an auto immune disease that involves the production of antibodies
that interfere with nerve stimulating muscle contraction.
213. Fatigue, weakening and are the manifestations of myasthenia
gravis.
214. A genetic disorder in which the muscles that control body movements progressively weaken or
degenerate is .
215. The most common form of muscular dystrophy is .
216. Among tetany, gout, osteoporosis and muscular dystrophy, the age-related disorder is
.
217. is inflammation of joints.
218. Rapid spasms in muscle due to low Ca++ in body fluid is .
219. Decreased levels of estrogen is a common cause of .
220. the female sex hormone, helps maintain proper calcium levels in bones.
221. Women after menopause are at higher risk of developing osteoporosis as the ovaries stop producing
the .
222. Among different types of arthritis, arthritis due to accumulation of uric acid crystals is
.
223. Age related bone disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and increased chances of fractures
can be due to decreased levels of .
224. Among different types of arthritis, an auto immune disorder is .