Faculty of Artificial Intelligence & Multimedia Gamming

BS – Multimedia Gamming

Digital Logic Design Lab

Lab # 02: NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR Gate

Instructor: Dr. Santosh Kumar Banbhrani

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Lab Learning Objectives:

Upon successful completion of this experiment, the student will be able:

• To explore the function of various different logic gates
• To create circuits with varying logic gates in theory and in practice

Lab Hardware and Software Required:

Platform: NI ELVIS III ✓ View User Manual:

http://www.ni.com/en-
us/support/model.ni-elvis-iii.html
✓ View Tutorials:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?li
st=PLvcPIuVaUMIWm8ziaSxv0gwt
shBA2dh_M

Hardware: Digilent Digital Electronics Board for ✓ View NI DSDB Board Manual:
NI ELVIS III http://www.ni.com/pdf/manuals/376
627b.pdf

Software: NI Multisim 14.0.1 Education Version ✓ Install Multisim:

or newer http://www.ni.com/gate/gb/GB_AC
ADEMICEVALMULTISIM/US
✓ View Help:
http://www.ni.com/multisim/technic
al-resources/

Software: NI LabVIEW FPGA Vivado 2014.4 ✓ Install:

http://www.ni.com/download/labvie
w-fpga-module-2015-sp1/5920/en/

Note: Digilent Driver (The installer above

automatically downloads the installer below
onto your computer)

✓ Navigate to:
C:\NIFPGA\programs\Vivado2014_
4\data\xicom\cable_drivers\nt64\digi
lent
✓ Install: install_digilent.exe

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Background Theory:

Figure 1-1 Video. View the video here: https://youtu.be/1wnztS6et0w

Video Summary

• NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR gates have at least two inputs, one output, and a unique
truth table
• NOT gate output is the inverse of the input

Inverters

• Inverters are also known as NOT gates.

• They have only one input and one output.
• The truth table for an inverter is simple. The output is always the opposite of the input.
• For example, if the input is 1, the output will be 0 and vice versa. Visually this is depicted
by a circle at the input and/or output ends of the logic gates.
• In this situation, the circle is at the output, which means that the output is inverted. If it was
at the input, then it is the input that would be inverted.
• Circuits with more than one input can use NAND or NOR logic gates which we will explore
next.

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 Figure 1-2 Inverter

NAND Logic Gates

• NAND gates invert the output of the AND gate.

• The inputs do not change from those of the AND truth table, but the output is the opposite.
• As a rule, if any of the inputs are 0, the output will always be 1.
• See below for the truth table and the symbol.

Figure 1-3 NAND gate truth table and symbol

NOR Logic Gates

• The NOR logic gate inverts the output of the OR gate.

• The inputs of the truth table for the OR gate do not change, but the output is the opposite.
• As a rule, if any of the inputs are 1, the output will always be 0.
• See below for the truth table and symbol.

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 Figure 1-4 NOR gate truth table and symbol

XOR Logic Gates

• An XOR gate is also known as an exclusive OR gate.

• The output will be 1 if only one of the inputs is 1. The output will be 0 if both inputs are 0
or both are 1.
• See below for the truth table and symbol.

Figure 1-5 XOR gate truth table and symbol

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XNOR Logic Gates

• The XNOR gate does the opposite of the XOR gate.

• The output will be 1 if the inputs are the same and the output will be 0 if the inputs are not
the same.
• See below for the truth table.

Figure 1-6 XNOR gate truth table

Exercise 1: Implementation of following ICs’ on NI Elvis kit using Digital

Reader and Digital Writer

74LS00 2-input NAND gate IC:

74LS02 2-Input NOR Gate IC:

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74LS86 2-Input XOR Gate IC:

74LS266 2-Input XNOR Gate IC:

Exercise 2: Building an XOR Logic Gate in Multisim

XOR Gate Circuit

Build the following circuit using an XOR gate:

Figure 1-18 XOR gate circuit

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Configure the Digital Constants:

• Double-click the top Digital Constant.

• In the window that appears, select ‘A’ from the Key for toggle dropdown.
• Change the second constant to toggle with the ‘B’ key.
• Click the Run to begin simulating the circuit.

Figure 1-19 Run button

• Press the ‘A’ key on the keyboard to change the value of that input to 1.

1-9 Does the probe turn on?

A. Yes
B. No

• Press the ‘A’ key again to change the top input back to 0.
• Press the ‘B’ key to change the second input to 1.

1-10 Does the probe turn on?

A. Yes
B. No

• Press the ‘A’ key, so that both inputs are equal to 1.

1-11 Does the probe turn on?

A. Yes
B. No
1-12 How would you describe the behavior of this gate?
_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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 • When you’re done, stop the simulation by clicking the Stop button.

Figure 1-20 Stop button

Exercise 3: Building a NOR Logic Gate on the Digital Electronics Board

Using the switches, LEDs, and logic gates, create the following circuit:

Figure 1-21 PLD design

Configure the Digital Constants:

• Double-click the top Digital Constant.

• In the window that appears, select ‘A’ from the Key for toggle dropdown.
• Change the second constant to toggle with the ‘B’ key.
• Click the Run to begin simulating the circuit.

Figure 1-21 Run button

• Press the ‘A’ key on the keyboard to change the value of that input to 1.

1-9 Does the probe turn on?

C. Yes
D. No

• Press the ‘A’ key again to change the top input back to 0.

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 • Press the ‘B’ key to change the second input to 1.

1-10 Does the probe turn on?

C. Yes
D. No

• Press the ‘A’ key, so that both inputs are equal to 1.

1-11 Does the probe turn on?

C. Yes
D. No
1-12 How would you describe the behavior of this gate?
_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

• When you’re done, stop the simulation by clicking the Stop button.

Figure 1-22 Stop button

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