Derivative of Implicit Equations

An implicit equation is a relation of the form 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 0 where is a function of several variables. An
implicit function is a function that is defined implicitly by an implicit equation by associating one of the
variables with the others.

Rule of Implicit Differentiation

Differentiate each term of the equation 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 0 with respect to 𝑥, considering 𝑦 to be a function of
𝑥.

𝑑𝑦
1. 𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 = 4, find 𝑑𝑥 .
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
Solution: 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 ) − 𝑑𝑥 (2𝑦 2 ) = 𝑑𝑥 (4)
𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 − 4𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑦
−4𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = −2𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −2𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 −4𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 2𝑦
3 2 2
2. 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑦 + 3𝑦 = 8, find 𝑦′ .
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥 3 ) + (𝑥 2 𝑦) + (3𝑦 2 ) = (8)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3𝑥 2 + [𝑥 2 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦(2𝑥)] + 6𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0
3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′ + 2𝑥𝑦 + 6𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0
(𝑥 2 + 6𝑦)𝑦 ′ = −3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦
−3𝑥 2 −2𝑥𝑦
𝑦′ =
𝑥 2 +6𝑦
−𝑥(3𝑥+2𝑦)
𝑦′ = 𝑥 2 +6𝑦
𝑑𝑥
3. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 = 12 , find 𝑑𝑦 .
2

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥 2 ) + (4𝑦 2 ) = (12)
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 + 8𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 = −8𝑦
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 −8𝑦
=
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥 −4𝑦
=
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
2 2 2 2 2
4. (𝑥 − 𝑦 ) = 4𝑎 𝑥 , find 𝑥′.
(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) = 2𝑎𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) = (2𝑎𝑥)
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥𝑥 ′ − 2𝑦 = 2𝑎𝑥′
2𝑥𝑥 ′ − 2𝑎𝑥 ′ = 2𝑦
𝑥 ′ (2𝑥 − 2𝑎) = 2𝑦
2𝑦
𝑥′ =
2𝑥−2𝑎
Prepared by:
Engr. Rosalinda B. Mole𝐧̃o
Engr. Ma. Yvonne C. Bangero
Engr. Cristina A. Vale
1
 2𝑦
𝑥 ′ = 2(𝑥−𝑎)
𝑦
𝑥′ =
𝑥−𝑎

𝑑𝑥
5. 𝑥 3 − 2𝑦 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 5 find
𝑑𝑦
𝑑(𝑥 3 ) 𝑑(2𝑦 2 ) 𝑑(4𝑥𝑦) 𝑑(𝑥) 𝑑(3𝑦) 𝑑(5)
𝑑𝑦
− 𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 − 4𝑦 + 4 [𝑥(1) + 𝑦 𝑑𝑦] − 𝑑𝑦 + 3 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 + 4𝑦 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑑𝑦 = 4𝑦 − 4𝑥 − 3
𝑑𝑥
(3𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 − 1) = 4𝑦 − 4𝑥 − 3
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 4𝑦−4𝑥−3
= 2
𝑑𝑦 3𝑥 +4𝑦−1
𝑑𝑥 −(4𝑥−4𝑦+3)
𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 2 +4𝑦−1

𝑑𝑦
6. 𝑥 3 − 2𝑦 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 5 find
𝑑𝑥
𝑑(𝑥 3 ) 𝑑(2𝑦 2 ) 𝑑(4𝑥𝑦) 𝑑(𝑥) 𝑑(3𝑦) 𝑑(5)
𝑑𝑥
− 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
3𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 + 4 [𝑥 + 𝑦(1)] − 1 + 3 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
−4𝑦 + 4𝑥 + 3 = −3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
(−4𝑦 + 4𝑥 + 3) = −(3𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 − 1)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −(3𝑥 2 +4𝑦−1)
𝑑𝑥
= 4𝑥−4𝑦+3

𝑑𝑤
7. 4𝑐 3 𝑡𝑤 = (𝑡 2 + 2𝑤 3 )2 find
𝑑𝑡
2
𝑑(𝑡𝑤) 𝑑(𝑡 2 +2𝑤 3 )
4𝑐 3 [ 𝑑𝑡
] = 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑤 𝑑𝑡 𝑑(𝑡 2 ) 𝑑(2𝑤 3 )
4𝑐 [𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑤 𝑑𝑡] = 2(𝑡 2 + 2𝑤 3 ) [ 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑑𝑡 ]
3

𝑑𝑤 𝑑𝑤
2𝑐 3 (𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑤) = (𝑡 2 + 2𝑤 3 ) (2𝑡 + 6𝑤 2 𝑑𝑡 )
𝑑𝑤 𝑑𝑤 𝑑𝑤
2𝑐 3 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + 2𝑐 3 𝑤 = 2𝑡 3 + 6𝑡 2 𝑤 2 𝑑𝑡 + 4𝑡𝑤 3 + 12𝑤 5 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑤 𝑑𝑤 𝑑𝑤
2𝑐 3 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 − 6𝑡 2 𝑤 2 𝑑𝑡 − 12𝑤 5 𝑑𝑡 = 2𝑡 3 + 4𝑡𝑤 3 − 2𝑐 3 𝑤
𝑑𝑤
(2𝑐 3 𝑡 − 6𝑡 2 𝑤 2 − 12𝑤 5 ) = 2𝑡 3 + 4𝑡𝑤 3 − 2𝑐 3 𝑤
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑤 2𝑡 3 +4𝑡𝑤 3 −2𝑐 3 𝑤
𝑑𝑡
= 2𝑐 3 𝑡−6𝑡 2 𝑤2 −12𝑤 5
𝑑𝑤 2(𝑡 3 +2𝑡𝑤 3 −𝑐 3 𝑤)
𝑑𝑡
= 2(𝑐 3 𝑡−3𝑡 2 𝑤2 −6𝑤 5 )
𝑑𝑤 𝑡 3 +2𝑡𝑤 3 −𝑐 3 𝑤
= 3
𝑑𝑡 𝑐 𝑡−3𝑡 2 𝑤 2 −6𝑤 5

Exercises:
1. 𝑥 3 − 2 = 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 4 , 𝑦′
2. 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 2 = 5𝑥 , 𝑦′
Prepared by:
Engr. Rosalinda B. Mole𝐧̃o
Engr. Ma. Yvonne C. Bangero
Engr. Cristina A. Vale
2
3. 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 3 = 8 , 𝑦′
𝑑𝑦
4. 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 + 1 = 𝑥𝑦,
𝑑𝑥
5. 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥𝑦 = 1 − 𝑦 2 , 𝑥′
𝑑𝑥
6. 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 𝑦 3 + 6𝑦 = 7, 𝑑𝑦
7. 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 64, 𝑥′

Prepared by:
Engr. Rosalinda B. Mole𝐧̃o
Engr. Ma. Yvonne C. Bangero
Engr. Cristina A. Vale
3