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Trigonometric Functions

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5 views

Trigonometric Functions

Uploaded by

khemanikashish46
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Trigonometric Functions

 If in a circle of radius r, an arc of length l subtends an angle of θ radians, then l = rθ.


 Radian measure =
 Degree measure =

 A degree is divided into 60 minutes and a minute is divided into 60 seconds. One sixtieth of
a degree is called a minute, written as 1', and one sixtieth of a minute is called a second,
written as1".

Thus, 1° = 60' and 1' = 60"

 Signs of trigonometric functions in different quadrants:

Trigonometric Quadrant Quadrant Quadrant


Quadrant III
function I II IV
–ve
+ ve (Increases + ve (Decreases –ve (Increases
sin x (Decreases
from 0 to 1) from 1 to 0) from 1 to 0)
from 0 to 1)
+ ve (Decreases –ve (Decreases –ve (Increases + ve (Increases
cos x
from 1 to 0) from 0 to 1) from 1 to 0) from 0 to 1)
+ ve –ve
+ ve (Increases –ve (Increases
tan x (Increases (Increases from ∞
from 0 to ∞) from ∞ to 0)
from 0 to ∞) to 0)
+ ve
+ ve (Decreases –ve(Decreases –ve (Decreases
cot x (Decreases
from ∞ to 0) from 0 to ∞) from 0 to ∞)
from ∞ to 0)
–ve
+ ve (Increases –ve (Increases (Decreases + ve (Decreases
sec x
from 1 to ∞) from ∞ to 1) from 1 from ∞ to 1)
to ∞)
–ve (Increases
+ ve (Decreases + ve (Increases –ve (Decreases
cosec x from ∞
from ∞ to 1) from 1 to ∞) from 1 to ∞)
to 1)

Example 1:

If , then find the value of .

Solution:Since θ lies in the third quadrant, therefor tan θ is positive and cos θ (or sec θ) is
negative.
Example 2: Find the value of cos 390 cos 510 + sin 390 cos (–660 ).

Solution:
 Domain and Range of trigonometric functions:

Trigonometric function Domain Range


sin x R [-1, 1]
cos x R [-1, 1]
tan x R
R-
cot x R - {x : x = nπ, n ∈ Z} R
sec x R - [-1, 1]
R-
cosec x R - {x : x = nπ, n ∈ Z} R - [-1, 1]

 Trigonometric identities and formulas:

cos (–x) = cos x

cos (x + y) = cos x cos y – sin x sin y


cos (x – y) = cos x cos y + sin x sin y

sin (x + y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y

sin (x – y) = sin x cos y – cos x sin y

cos (π – x) = – cos x

sin (π – x) = sin x

cos (π + x) = – cos x

sin (π + x) = –sin x

cos (2π – x) = cos x

sin (2π – x) = –sin x

o If none of the angles x, y and (x ± y) is an odd multiple of , then

o If none of the angles x, y and (x ± y) is a multiple of π, then

and

o In particular,
In particular,

In particular,

 General solutions of some trigonometric equations:


o , where n ∈ Z
o ,where n ∈ Z
o sin x = sin y ⇒ x = nπ +(–1)n y, where n ∈ Z
o cos x = cos y ⇒ x = 2nπ ±y, where n ∈ Z
o tan x = tan y ⇒ x = nπ + y, where n ∈ Z

Example 1: Solve cot x cos2 x = 2 cot x

Solution:

But this is not possible as –1 ≤ cos x ≤ 1


Thus, the solution of the given trigonometric equation is where n ∈ Z.

Example 2: Solve sin 2x + sin 4x + sin 6x = 0.

Solution:
Thus, , where m, n ∈ Z

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