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Dbms-Class-10-Sql Overview

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Dbms-Class-10-Sql Overview

Uploaded by

sandyaraninallapu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL Overview:

SQL stands for Structured Query Language which is a computer language for
storing, manipulating and retrieving data stored in a relational database. SQL
is a language used to operate databases; it includes Database Creation,
Database Deletion, Fetching Data Rows, Modifying & Deleting Data rows, etc.

SQL was developed in the 1970s by IBM Computer Scientists and became a
standard of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1986, and
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1987.

SQL is the standard language to communicate with Relational Database


Systems. All the Relational Database Management Systems (RDMS) like
MySQL, MS Access, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, Postgres and SQL Server use
SQL as their Standard Database Language.

SQL follows the following rules:


o Structure query language is not case sensitive. Generally, keywords of
SQL are written in uppercase.
o Statements of SQL are dependent on text lines. We can use a single SQL
statement on one or multiple text line.
o Using the SQL statements, we can perform most of the actions in a
database.
o SQL depends on tuple relational calculus and relational algebra.

SQL is widely popular because it offers the following advantages:


o Allows users to define the data in a database and manipulate that data.
o Allows users to create and drop databases and tables.
o Allows users to access data in the relational database management
systems.
o Allows users to describe the data.
o Allows to embed within other languages using SQL modules, libraries
& pre-compilers.
o Allows users to create view, stored procedure, functions in a database.
o Allows users to set permissions on tables, procedures and views.

When we are executing an SQL command for any RDBMS, the system
determines the best way to carry out our request and SQL engine figures out
how to interpret the task. There are various components included in this
process. These components are;

IT-Ramesh 9848353570 1
 Query Dispatcher
 Optimization Engines
 Classic Query Engine
 SQL Query Engine, etc.

Basic of SQL Commands


1. DQL (Data Query
Language): DQL is used for
retrieving the saved records
from the database.

2. DDL (Data Definition Language): DDL is used for determining the table
schemas.

3. DCL (Data Control Language): DCL is used for changing the authority of
database users.

4. TCL (Transaction Control Language): TCL is used for managing changes


made to the data in a table.

5. DML (Data Manipulation Language): DML is used for manipulating the


data in a table of a database.

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