Earth and

Life Science
BIOENERGETICS
Cellular Respiration

Geneizzel B. Gotuato
 Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
is a process of energy conversion where
biomolecules are broken down to produce ATP.
Bioenergetics

Cellular Respiration is a biochemical pathway by which

living cells obtain energy from the chemical bonds of
organic molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats

Geneizzel B. Gotuato
 Cellular Respiration

Bioenergetics

ATP

Geneizzel B. Gotuato
 Cellular Respiration
THINK! ATP

Which of the following activity uses energy?

Bioenergetics

Geneizzel B. Gotuato
 Cellular Respiration
How Efficient is Cellular Respiration?

• A gasoline might be as
Bioenergetics efficient as 25% meaning
that 75% of the energy is
given up as heat

Geneizzel B. Gotuato
 THINK!

What does breathing have to do with cellular

respiration?
Bioenergetics

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 Cellular Respiration

PHOTOSYNTHESIS CELLULAR RESPIRATION

It takes place in a chloroplast It takes place in mitochondrion
Bioenergetics
Carbon dioxide and water react Glucose and oxygen react to
using light energy to produce produce carbon dioxide, water,
glucose and oxygen and energy (ATP)
Light energy is transformed into Chemical energy in glucose is
chemical energy in glucose converted into chemical energy
in ATP

Comparison of Photosynthesis and

Respiration
Geneizzel B. Gotuato
 Cellular Respiration
STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Bioenergetics Glycolysis

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

Electron Transport Chain

Geneizzel B. Gotuato
 Cellular Respiration
STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Bioenergetics

Geneizzel B. Gotuato
 Cellular Respiration
GLYCOLYSIS
• It is a process where glucose is broken down
into pyruvic acids (or pyruvate).
Bioenergetics • It takes place in the cytoplasm.
• NET: Two ATP and NADH are produced.
• This can happen with or without oxygen.

Geneizzel B. Gotuato
 Cellular Respiration
GLYCOLYSIS

Bioenergetics

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 Cellular Respiration
GLYCOLYSIS

Bioenergetics

Energy-yielding phase:
• 4 ATP and 2 NADH are produced per 1 glucose
• Product: 2 pyruvate per 1 glucose
Geneizzel B. Gotuato
 Cellular Respiration

Aerobic respiration

Bioenergetics

Anaerobic respiration

Geneizzel B. Gotuato
 Cellular Respiration
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
• This occurs when glucose is broken down in the presence of
oxygen.

Bioenergetics

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 Cellular Respiration
Transport to Mitochondria
• When a pyruvic acid loses CO2, it produces acetyl-CoA.

Bioenergetics
Cytoplasm

To mitochondria

Geneizzel B. Gotuato
 Cellular Respiration
Krebs Cycle
• This happens in the mitochondria.

Bioenergetics

Geneizzel B. Gotuato
 Cellular Respiration
Krebs Cycle
• Acetyl-CoA oxidizes to form CO2,
ATP, and other compounds
(NADH and FADH2).
Bioenergetics

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 Cellular Respiration

Bioenergetics

Geneizzel B. Gotuato
 Cellular Respiration
Oxidative Phosphorylation
• The main goal is to transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to
produce ATP.

Bioenergetics

Geneizzel B. Gotuato
 Cellular Respiration
Oxidative Phosphorylation
• Two steps are involved: electron transport chain (ETC)
and chemiosmosis.

Bioenergetics

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 Cellular Respiration
Oxidative Phosphorylation
• ETC transports electrons but produces no ATP

Bioenergetics

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 Cellular Respiration
Oxidative Phosphorylation
• The final electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation is the
oxygen.

Bioenergetics

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 Cellular Respiration
Oxidative Phosphorylation
• The oxygen accepts the electrons to produce water within the
mitochondrial matrix.

Bioenergetics

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 Cellular Respiration
Oxidative Phosphorylation
• In chemiosmosis, ATP synthase is driven by protons to produce ATP

Bioenergetics

Geneizzel B. Gotuato
 Cellular Respiration
Oxidative Phosphorylation
• Phosphorylation is the process where electrons
are combined with another molecule from the
Bioenergetics ATP.

Top view
Geneizzel B. Gotuato Membrane view
 Cellular Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration
• This occurs in the absence of oxygen and glucose is broken down
to ATP.
Bioenergetics

Geneizzel B. Gotuato
 Cellular Respiration
Alcoholic Fermentation
• Glucose is converted to alcohol.
• This type of fermentation does not occur in humans. It usually
Bioenergetics occurs in bacteria and yeast.

Geneizzel B. Gotuato
 Cellular Respiration
Lactic Acid Fermentation
• This occurs in the human body when oxygen in the muscles is used
up and the muscles still require more energy, thus producing lactic
acid.
Bioenergetics

Geneizzel B. Gotuato
Key Points

• Cellular respiration is a process of energy conversion where

carbohydrates are broken down into glucose and ATP.
• There are two types of cellular respiration: aerobic
respiration and anaerobic respiration.
Key Points

• Aerobic respiration occurs when glucose is broken down in the

presence of oxygen. This has three stages: glycolysis, Kreb's
cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
• Glycolysis is a process by which glucose is broken down into pyruvic
acids, ATP, and NADPH.
• In Krebs cycle, pyruvic acids produce acetyl-CoA to form CO2 and ATP.
Key Points

• Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen and glucose is

broken down to energy.
• Two types of anaerobic respiration: alcoholic and lactic acid
fermentation.
• In alcohol fermentation, glucose is converted to alcohol.
• Lactic acid fermentation leads to the production of lactic acid in the
human body when oxygen in the muscles is used up and still requires
more energy.