AsSIGNMENT-I

UESTIONS

CHAPTER-
eKertial
tuwO
Uses
t e r j a c e . E x p l a i o 1u
9Dejine the vorious tacdors o
the User
.Describe
poeNG idered by
that n e e s to be cons
e a c e Desig9 desaers
tusar Compter î s t e r a c t i o
y what
2) Explain the Importance qqood UIdesgn
Te the benePts agod' desigp
CHAPTER-2
he sYe
Eplain concept o d e c t meoipulatio
the
a
TaterOCiom (or gaphial sstems Os Caled
drect maniputetio Sustem b smeideman. DSC
')

T& Choracterutics} Ond ndirect anipulatio

rophical syster.
4) List the advantoges d'sadvontages ogaphical
Sustems
GU¬Deioe
5 LPst & explain t h e chonocterstis a
in Graphical sYstem. D e e i a t e
betuen.
Opiect
Applicoation 2 d a a orientationg
b e t w e e n Gu Z
web

6) wrHe t h e d e e n e e
Iterace choracteruhcs a
Istemet 2 myernet
1 DIscuis r n e he dijerences
Nielsen & bri od
gtven by
Betuween them.
uD{ Describe t h e
8Discm the prfnciples oh
a w e r tenaceg
i n ereatirq
desian goals
 UID ASWERS
Oser Iteiace _Desiqn
Subset cield s t u d called tunon Cormpuler(HCL))
Irdesochie
HCL is study,plan desiqo okow Corpute peope
work oqethe sO pe son's nees are solisfed ?n
eectivë way
FactorS- lhat people ont S eRsiie
hhat physical Ë'm?tatianthey p0sex
how thetr percepuot iyorilation proCng
8leo 0 k ottroctive
hat people o d eniouable 2 fons O Copuder,
Alsotechoico tics &(mtat
chavOcteris
hw so houid also cowidered
be
S part computrr 2 iU S]w uhi
OSes oten{oce
talkto, IE hos
heav, touch or
People c a n See,
toput 8 output.
Compo nen his (her neerls
or
comOunicates

is how pevson o e s voCe, <t|

Put Ord,mowe
Aesires to computer Eg e
how COpputer
convey the r e s u l b o i
Cutput is C r e e n {oouec B
w e r . Eaisploy
Computation
to
Oudrtoqopabflities
voice g aund
person's
taking aduanaqe ok desigo i t h oniioto
s ne s h i c h has qpu&
Best t e r a c e mehanum
autput
-

eteCttuë nput

Tmpetonce a God Desian are

unable to
tods ue
sich technol0qita f tiue 3 Care
- Inspte cdue 1o lak o
wsable e r e e n
Provide ecttve & to user. It
is ther
screen u up
A e l lesiqned
intenace copabitoSystem
vekicle throuan

Windou t o 9 euw the" perhored

task can e varie
hich complex
appearance
aAtect people ml e a d s t o
Ceens uOput 2 meitcient t hu
A
Couinq , takes
make more u
are
O they
dorg t h e f o
Culs dot e people away rOM
sYstem
&
3tres

Pecd
chase ion
alsd io u s t r a t
- t o rd e e q n on
aUO teadd
Tt
Perrnonenu

Benet G o d Deiq ceeimprove

screenclar+u
to
eq bttemped COuJdled. Thia Tesaited
Teseacher
les tine s
One oking
S Teen
P0 25%
es
&Teodabiu& tOnecias

s c r e e n P completed screen
ocied Ahon Oriqinol pricpes
e YTOTS
5 ewe qol desao
e o t e d bympn
heseorcher
dectston t o meby ad feoe* OMist
Taduc e d line cos a neceray
ttme V Support
a i n i q cOst J troinq
mployee s a t f s a c t i o t fruutrationy
Customer beniPt
because q inmproved
t s Giqarizations eue
SerUice théy seci
souipq problenn fn desfan &developmet phaxe
entHiq 2
also Ad économfc benetiCs
 Ui is io nteract wtth Something
GUT- interaction mechanism pointïoa
GU ainlprimory kinx
Sone
deuice O
Direct ManiPulat ion-
used bM shneidevmao(i18a).Properties t-
- Fst real worto
a s extension Of
) Sustem is potvayed amfuor envTrorme
S o n 1S allowecl to wOrk 1o a
D O C t n g o Odoto
o t the tcols.
io muas v a y the system ushich is unamiuar
he cal oYqnoizdtiëo O t h e dYstraction

objec
objec & actfon
ueus Vesibliu
2Coniouous
cotin .Remiodlers q actiow
contimuowsufstble
deror7bed
c u ave
Nel son
ú obuos
cbe eomed tHatietd soid
itOs

(can be i e lated)
reatî Rutkonski
Vintual
see fs uohat y u heor)3
(Ohdt ou
YSIW Yt
Calle t transpaeny
increnmental wth visible cisplaK
)Acttons ave rapid 3
Tesuits on screen
visualy cifsplayec
is eekback is
h e r e s u l t ch ac tion AudTtory
t h new Curreot jo0
tcak s ayuicku s e e n
prevtas
PrOuided h e Gopoc a cootiouous
2 ekorttes
task3 are
euolution q revesible:
a e eosi
reversYble
a ) m c T e m e n t a l octPons i n c o r e c t o r n o t a e s t r e d

4Actions fscovere
s
Can b e undone

Indirect Mafpulation?-

marspulatlon ay Dot b e jearble because:

Drect
diult to conceptualge on qaphial syetem
Operation m a be
copabiioSyste fs fmfte.
Grophical t o place antpulation control
Amount q space req uirec
c n wfndo border
ú imitec
al necesary
It fs ficutt to leorn & reember
people
operaton 2 action jo
UDrd , text putldoun
-
1ndirect Monipulotion substitutes
for smbols, y t o r pointiug.
menu. pullup henu
u conbunatiih q d a
MOst wrnda syterm
Pndirect monputotion
be occesrd clckiq c - )eOL 8
Menu c a n
selctinq t Direct)
the
- Meou tse4s s t o operations(todirec t).
Con be selectec o at b Pointina
The opesoton
l e m Execute Tt o a common
 Grophical ystem
Adantqes**
Symbo& TecoqBect taster than text?
thoo that the-
Symbo be Tecgized joster
can tExt
eraphical attibute o con some Shape & color a r e
to
somne
qjuicky clani* oplcta2 elemen y
hetput
Cormno propert
Faster leamingi- Symbols caobe
TctoTiol representatfon aicts leon0a
ecsi Learot
) Easier Rememben9- ît ia ecsier
for cosual wues o
sîmpicd
e c o u e a7u qreate
Tetain op ratisnal concepa
)More Natural:
oic represertatfon is more natural & odvontageos DaAU
y
huma brain hosowerhul a q e e m o T
5 Prouide Context?
aed ojeco are Äsi ble prouidina picture 'q current context
G FeweT eTors action recAucs esror rate becouse ?E .
Reversibiuy
alwos possfe t o undo Loa step
1) inCTecsed jeeling oj Control
ser oitYate3 actio& eel
Pn control.TH&increoses Coidene
8 hastens ssbem MOster
8 Eos reveTSible octioms,- tncreases
useN coKtdence
to reverse OOwanted action
TDu
.MOre attsactfvei - cleverer 2 more appealing
Direct manipulation sYstem îs entstainig,
C o n s u e les space
) MOy Consume les space
han ods.
lcohS
L o s y p n g reayuirement skilus.
control etiminateypiq
Ponting 8selectioo

Disaduantages
)Greater desigsn Complexî m beterdesian uoles
proper
atuwoys result
Desiao. Potent ial doesn't e).BosCesianundemmine
acceptane-

winalous control ischos

Learning stfLl nece6dY ed

+o b e leom
Meaninga Cons 8 pointiq
dleui ces
3) Not a u K {amfia

ot be os amibeO
as o r &QU bErs
Symbols m
Limibot ion- ie mite
produced sigg todays techno lea
4 Procuctiom
noosymbos cleay
5) neiCient or touch fypits- u s h e r e s motue takes tme
for touch Hput Kekord
a eOAS Os o u e
NotSome aluos
prereyred sye o Eieraction-
P A e fcon s i th text, textuel co p t o

Not a s jastest sigle i n etor a chom'-

textuol nshmuchn
GTahicol inskrucon fn A1u nend
8) htorking domain o present ve u i to uxort
provide context, theqreqjui
iTeC Manputatios

)May consume, nore sCeen spaCet h o s c a n 1 n aCard{

l e s space
a m e 5 h u m b e s CoSume
sti
)H/w im?tation!- speed, screen nesoutrtn
t h @ v e adeaucte poe,
proceri
grapie Copabuy
5Sophi sticates Wsug Presencction-
Vrtual prerentction îs the rtual aspect o the intenoce
is whatpeople see on the scveen. The sophisbication t
ogrophfcal sstem perni displang ns, inctuda
draoina icos. Talso Permitina he "
voet tite. The
characerons dierentzes & s*yS. he.
o i e c i v e ts to r e e e t vts o screen f e e a l
theWser as TealisttcoluYmeanfatu
Simply e l e a as possTble
Pick and cick nteraction?- sormE
Elemns o arophi cal Screen upen uhich
musbe r s identhed.
Ceio S tdEe perKormed to i d e t
hmotor actfviq-Tea tufred a a person
action fs commoný r e e d o as plek
PTOposed
the 4qmal t per{om an a c t i o
Restri cie set eInteTpce optremS
The avaflable to user is wha
arra eOaAves
o H a t rnqbe Tehrevel
pre s
Screed
throuq is preseo on +he screen
*VTtuatizatioo- that allo ws people to udevrstor
TS a coritrve procen perceie, b e c a u e
it
hor atfon that îs dfttiCultto
eithe o r too abstract.
too Noummois AOal TS ThE
notnecesa +o reproeuce a realistie Ophio
fmQae +o roduce one h a t conves themost
TelevorttohOYmaten
Oblect Onfebtatfom
A Aaphi cal sustem consuts ogecb & sacfions
a.
see on the creen
Objecs a r e w h a t people
si e unft.
be docoment
A n o i c may
Date riestaticn
*APpltcetion v e s s eiectur e r e WuALty o f p l i c a t i e m
c a l sastems
tartier r a p hcio t h e philosqphy
That
ntinuatton o
Orientes a
systëm
enveloped text b a e c
When a tet
sed appicatior Jstem coas devedqd
wes Caleo an aPpLicatioms.
hen a real pPetur2 ok a user began to eexqe iE
4naly tecame evtdent ihat pecpe +houg in tem
t a s k not apPucatjo.hey choose opebss, then
d a t upos t h e m .
An a p l f catian ofected aprch takesad aetion otfet
approoeh fke thú!
Actio>1t An applicoHo fs opend a-hlord prccesng
oect2: A Tle or other olfect selected eqi mens
A obiect orieted o ect OCAtOD opproodh does
Opiect >l: An opect iS chosen a m e m s
Atton2: An appcation ts eleched(vowTe procesina)

approach peTnf
The
The objecx Octror?
obiect
he+Osk
h e r 'tosk
2
peple Jo more
mfnimize the vsibtit
OCs o
easr Seperate apptceti visibiuty
2
teoperatin
*VfeuS
VPeuos are he w a s o l o o k n q a a n objeebstnomaditr
Four kinds o viewst
Corvposed- Present î o m a t ion g h e opjects contaned
uTtio an dkject
Content: ist the componerst oj ojects
Settngs Pmfe seeing chonai23 e c t prpeies
Hetp provide atl the help unctio
* Use Recoanrtion MlemurH-
Coiniois aisibi (77 o obiects & actiom encouTges to
elficte ott o siqi,Õut o i d poblem

WEB
User h/u variations (TnateoUser n/w vaTiat ioms enomous
Devfces
User h|uo characteristhics SCreen appearance
wel depined encednced by nlo
h/uo bei
beirg
Sereenappear exocty 0 used
speeties
Use Foeus Dota 2. apPlicolioa o ation g ayigatioo

Dcta 'Cally create &wa Ful oh unkoowo cortert.

vyprmao by knouon gtTustd souesourees not a l u a s
Roperties Aencalykroantrusted
pically ogan3ed in
aa +tahy vari able Orqorgation
Privocy ten suuspect
9ofaKl {aiom
User Tosks stte, brouK OT
Imstall, Cconjqure,personaigrLfnk to a

StawAe 3'dpaadeprarareod pqge, Louom,

Open,wse & cloe ddoes egister tOr senvice
peael Sil
Famiori onn applicotions Movermentbt
t e n achiered ver opfd

User's Corholled & constain r t e &g e n e n a l y

Conceptual undrganget.
Cpace
Po
nenus, cono%Aanoo componens,
bowser &
Presentaton Nindaws,
Etemena Peae co thio peg o n
May Gos e* doorCaucorohiotion +ext fr Oe,
appecTiNg & i sopperain audio, vidLeo 20utomhon

Naiqotfoo Through menusLista, o u o Lioks, baok mards

TOE olialoaes & gocs. typed RL's

u t e rariable,dependa
Reponeleary Irstantoaneows. on traNsmasteD spees
Tme
o t i m e CoMupset the

Tosk Tageted to a specie itecd broser

ERciec audieneudth specijc & netuoork Capabilties
Os.
Iane s W|

- Users?*

The wsENS q he oanets, beig o 3aion emtle

know a lot "aboutt the organzation ° t Sucture, ?
proyects ftz (iagpn & fu cature .CustoMers ue Intenet
sites g otherwho koouw u c h e S a b o he orpigehion

tern cae les abot ît

Tasks-
An isonEl is used for aO Oqargation e e y d a t
ackfuftes, încudinq copler Toiactions,Qjuemies g2
commuoicotions.he imtenet is mdinD Wsed t o
nd imomati om uoTth a supplemetaau
e bena
simple transachons

Hpe_ in{omnahion
tradet contain ed detafled
f
Lo{ovmcmo
eeced tor orqaniaational qMctioning-
C oters be ddde o r modiied. Istenetw aTketin
wsuall preseryt m o r e stable tmovmat iom
CUstomer or clfert Pnormatin, reports s h

- Amou omOTCton
i l be nuch loaeT h an
Hpcaly an itranet stte
Iternef site. It: h a s been s i r t e
Om oqoniaations one.hunded
c a n be t e n t o
n faranet site site
hat T c o r e s p o n d i n g publi
+ f e s langex han

Hoauoare and sqtuare env+rOmmertt

cotrolled
i9 a
f h a n e t z exists r n o n t o r b r o u o s e r s & other|
Since
computer,
Hhe Ktods o resmicted
ostandamdiged hfs
be
Satuware Con screen
r i c h Asophics & u t i m e d a
atlbuos +he usec o b i b u é + vExy s o w douonloaA
tht
elementi
lsstemetuseNs
frnes Es s9OSt

Desi PH?losophy
cumeot e r t
on t h e T6terne t ol
Demencttion
oL presentauser
qU appucotioms
bastd 4 have existecl
Tmdel simflan to thee that aekto
oru Caue
a swinA
o t h e r a l o m a i s .his
h e reutpg Goi
more tradi tional Gul desjqms.
b e i c h e r g 9Ore etiective
hybrids u U
 clag & The isteroce sheuld be
& inaisticolty cleor fncuding uisualycoceptualy,
*Visua eleaeni
Functims
Ketaphorstexts
ors
CompatYbify
*Use
Provide compotib ity uoiih jolousinq
*TOsk &job
* Proudt
A
dopi the usevs
pespective
-Compxehensibit
SYstem
Awse should be eoiy learned & understood A
should k n a h e olag31
what to do uh to clob
h e n t u do +to dodo
where to do.
shald be-
The2
o actioms,resposes & ioomrmatios
reeollect
en s e order tha s-eto
Con(qurabiuye
personaligal ion, coo,uechion a
Permt eosy
secoigurotion a settra
enhonce Sense corol
udenstadig.
an active role fm
Enccourages
he same thraahad
Consisiercy g operTAe
act
ahould tooh, have
9A Ssterms shoule
coponent Opemete similoly
similaly.
Stmtor wses *Openate
Sior some resut
So e look s h o u aluaY
Hield
action
DSome
tosks
Dfretnes to acc
ormplish
Provide direct s shoud
be
b e vis
visbble
le.
alternatives
bevfsible
shulcl
4Avaiabe
on obecta
actiou
The
actm
other Control
& possi'ble
- EfcienH mvemert
neecs
uherever
&hand &
inimize e
oOn&

Minimi3e ey
AHcipaie he
wens

fede O{}s
oo
semies
o
r o d e -O{3: b a s ed
de s i g n p
Prriin
nccii
p ple
ess.
.
wil be dsign ove
desig cen{ticting
pecaene

nol talce
oten auas
balancin9
balancdng

techoical Teajuirernens .
r e a y u r e M e t

Peeple's