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Semantic Analysis

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7 views

Semantic Analysis

Uploaded by

rathourabhishevk5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Semantic Analysis

Example: Consider the words "dog" and "cat." In


a large text corpus, you might find both words
frequently appearing in similar contexts, such as
"I have a dog/cat,"
"My dog/cat is friendly," or
"The dog/cat barked/meowed."

By analyzing these contexts, a distributional


model (like word embeddings) would capture
that "dog" and "cat" are semantically related as
they both refer to pets but differ in their specific
meanings.
Definition: Lexical semantics focuses on the meaning of words
and the relationships between them. This includes studying
how words relate to each other in terms of synonyms,
antonyms, hypernyms, hyponyms, and other semantic
relations.
Example: Take the word "vehicle." In lexical semantics, you
might explore its relationships:
• Hyponyms: "car," "bike," "truck" (more specific types of
vehicles)
• Hypernym: "transportation" (a broader category)
• Synonyms: "automobile" (words with similar meanings)
• Antonyms: "pedestrian" (referring to a non-vehicle).
• Lexical semantics examines these relationships to
understand how words convey meaning individually and in
relation to others.
Definition: Formal semantics uses mathematical and
logical tools to represent and analyze the meanings of
sentences. It focuses on how sentences can be structured
to derive meaning systematically, often using symbolic
logic.
Example: Consider the sentence "All cats are mammals."
In formal semantics, you might represent this with logical
notation:
• Let C(x) denote "x is a cat."
• Let M(x) denote "x is a mammal."
• The sentence can be expressed as: ∀x (C(x) → M(x)),
meaning "For all x, if x is a cat, then x is a mammal."
• This representation allows for rigorous reasoning about
the implications of the sentence, helping to clarify
meanings and relationships in a precise way.
Summary
• Distributional Semantics: Focuses on word
meanings derived from context and co-
occurrences in large corpora.
• Lexical Semantics: Explores meanings of
individual words and their relationships to one
another.
• Formal Semantics: Uses logical frameworks to
represent and analyze meanings of sentences
systematically.

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