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Physics Definitions 2

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5 views5 pages

Physics Definitions 2

Uploaded by

shahdayman197911
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Definitions

Chapter 1:
An Electric Circuit :
Is an interconnection of electrical elements .
Charge :
Is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter
consists , measured in coulombs { C }

Electric Current :

Is the time rate of charge , measured in amperes { A }

Direct Current ( dc ) :
Flows only in one direction and can be constant or time varying .
Alternating current ( ac ) :
Is a current that changes direction with respect to time .
Voltage ( or potential difference ) :
Is the energy required to move a unit charge from a reference point
( - ) to another point ( + ) , measured in Volts { V }

Power :
Is the time rate of expending or absorbing energy , measured in Watts
{W}
Passive Sign Convention :
Is satisfied when the current enters through the positive terminal of
an element and P=+vi , if the current enters through the negative
terminal , P=-vi .
An ideal independent source :
Is an active element that provide a specified voltage or current that is
completely independent of other circuit elements.
An ideal dependent ( or controlled ) :
Source is an active element In which source quantity is controlled by
another voltage or current.

Chapter 2 :
Ohm's law state :
States that the voltage v across a resistor is directly proportional to
the current i flowing through the resistor .
The Resistance R :
Of an element denotes its ability to resist the flow of electric current ;

It is measured in Ohms { Ω }.

A short Circuit :
Is a circuit element with resistance approaching zero .
An Open Circuit :
Is a circuit element with resistance approaching infinity.
Conductance :
Is the ability of an element to conduct electric current ; it is a measure
is mhos { Ʊ } or siemens { S } .

A Branch :
Represents a single element such as voltage source or resistor.
A Node :
Is the point of connection between two or more branches.
A Loop :
Is any closed path in a circuit.
Kirchoff's Current Law ( KCL ) :
States that the algebraic sum of currents entering a node (or a closed
boundary ) is zero.
Kirchoff's Voltage Law ( KVL ) :
States that the algebraic sum of all voltages around a closed path (or
Loop ) is zero .

Chapter 3 :
A Supernode :
Is a formed by enclosing a (dependent or independent ) voltage
source connected between two nonreference nodes and any element
connected in parallel with it .
Mesh :
Is a loop that does not contain any other loops within it .
A Supermesh :
Results when two meshes have a (dependent or independent )
current source in common .

Chapter 4 :
A linear circuit :
Is one whose output is linearly related ( or directly proportional ) to
its input .
The SuperPosition :
Principle states that the voltage across ( or current through ) an
element in a linear circuit is the algebraic sum of the voltages across
( or currents through ) that element due to each independent source
acting alone .
A Source Transformation :
Is the process of replacing a voltage source Vs in series with a resistor R
by a current source is in parallel with a resistor R , or vice versa .
Thevenin's theorem states :
That a linear two-terminal circuit can be replaced by an equivalent
circuit consisting of a voltage source Vth in series with a resistor Rth ,
where Vth is the open – circuit voltage at the terminals and Rth is the
input or equivalent resistance at the terminals when the independent
sources are turned off.
Maximum Power :
Is transferred to the load when the load resistance equals the
Thevenin resistance as seen from the load ( RL = RTh ).

Chapter 5 :
An Op Amp :
Is an active circuit element designed to perform mathematical of
addition , subtraction , multiplication , division , differentiation , and
integration .
An ideal Op Amp :
Is an amplifier with infinite open – loop gain , infinite input resistance
, and zero output resistance .
An Inverting amplifier :
Reverse the polarity of the input signal while amplifying it .
A noninverting amplifier :
Is an op amp circuit designed to provide a positive voltage gain .
A Summing Amplifier :
Is an op amp circuit that combines several inputs and produces an
output that is weight sum of the inputs .

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