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1. General
CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARATION OF DETAILED PROJECT
REPORT FOR CONSTRUCTION OF 4/6 LANED HIGH SPEED
CORRIDOR/EXPRESSWAY
Tentative
length= 68 Km
Bhavnagar
Bharuch
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The Site
PACKAGE-04, CORRIDOR: JAMNAGAR-BHAVNAAGR-BHARUC: BHAVNAGAR –
BHARUCH IN THE STATE OF GUJARAT
GUJARAT
Gujarat is a state along the western coast of India. Its coastline of about 1,600 km is the longest
in the country, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula. The state encompasses 23 sites of
the ancient Indus Valley civilization. The most important sites are Lothal, Dholavira, and Gola
Dhoro. Lothal is believed to have been one of the world's first seaports. Gujarat's coastal cities,
chiefly Bharuch and Khambhat, served as ports and trading centers in the Maurya and Gupta
empires and during the succession of royal Saka dynasties in the Western Satraps era. The
economy of Gujarat is the fourth-largest in India, with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of
₹16.55 trillion and has the country's 10th-highest GSDP per capita of ₹215,000
(US$2,600).Gujarat has the highest exports of all states, accounting for around one-third of
national exports.
BHAVNAGAR
Bhavnagar is a city and the headquarters of Bhavnagar district in the Indian state of Gujarat. It
was founded in 1723 by Bhavsinhji Gohil. It was the capital of Bhavnagar State, which was
a princely state before it was merged into the Indian Union in February 1948. Bhavnagar is
situated 190 kilometres away from the state capital Gandhinagar and to the west of the Gulf of
Khambhat. It has always been an important city for trade with many large and small scale
industries along with the world's largest ship breaking yard, Alang which is located 50
kilometres away. Bhavnagar is an important center for the diamond cutting and polishing
industry in Gujarat as well as India. Thousands of skilled diamond-polishing workers are
employed in diamond-cutting and polishing firms, whose subsidiary offices are involved in cities
like Surat, Mumbai, and Antwerp. Bhavnagar stands second in the diamond cutting and polishing
industry after Surat in India, with 6,000 units operating from the district and employing more
than 300,000 people.
BHARUCH
Bharuch city at the mouth of the river Narmada in Gujarat in western India. Bharuch is the
administrative headquarters of Bharuch District. The city of Bharuch and surroundings have
been settled since times of antiquity. During the 8th century CE, the town of Bharuch was ruled
by King Mayura giving rise to the Chaudharya Dynasty. The king ruled the city for 50 years and
was popularly known as the 'Ace of Bharuch'. Being close to one of the biggest industrial areas
including Ankleshvara GIDC, it is at times referred to as the chemical capital of India. The city
has chemical plants, textile mills, long staple cotton, dairy products and much more. Gujarat's
biggest liquid cargo terminal is situated 50 km to the west of Bharuch, in Dahej It also houses
many multinational companies, such as Videocon, BASF, ONGC Petro-Additions, Reliance
Industries, Adani Ports & SEZ, Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilisers &
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Chemicals, MRF Tires, Yokohama Off-Highway Tires, Jubilant, Aditya Birla Hindalco
Industries, Gujarat Fluorochemicals Limited, ISGEC Hitachi, , Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals
Limited, Torrent Pharmaceuticals, Petronet LNG, Godrej & Boyce, Piramal Group, Pidilite
Industries, SRF Limited, Safari Equipment and Welspun Max steel Ltd. The industrial estate of
Vilayata houses the companies of Aditya Birla Grasim, Kansai Nerolac Paints etc., Jhagadia
houses DCM Sriram Chemicals, Saint-Gobain India Ltd., PepsiCo India Holdings Ltd. among
others. Bharuch is located at 21.7°N 72.97°E. It has an average elevation of 15 meters. Bharuch
is a port city situated on the banks of the Narmada River. The damming of the Narmada caused
the original port facilities to close the nearest port is now in Dahej.
Geography
Gujarat borders the Tharparkar, Badin and Thatta districts of Pakistan's Sindh province to the
northwest, is bounded by the Arabian Sea to the southwest, the state of Rajasthan to the
northeast, Madhya Pradesh to the east, and by Maharashtra, the Union Territory of Dadra and
Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu to the south. Historically, the north was known as Anarta, the
Kathiawar peninsula, "Saurastra", and the south as "Lata. Gujarat was also known as Pratichya
and Varuna. The Arabian Sea makes up the state's western coast. The capital, Gandhinagar is a
planned city. Gujarat has an area of 196,030 km2 with the longest coastline (24% of Indian sea
coast) 1,600 km (990 mi), dotted with 41 ports: one major, 11 intermediate and 29 minor. The
Narmada is the largest river in Gujarat followed by the Tapi. The Sabarmati has the longest
course through the state. The Sardar Sarovar Project is built on Narmada, one of the major rivers
of peninsular India where it is one of only three major rivers that run from east to west – the
others being the Tapi and the Mahi. Several riverfront embankments have been built on the
Sabarmati River.
The eastern borders have fringes of low mountains of India, the Aravalli, Sahyadri (Western
Ghats), Vindhya and Saputara. Apart from this the Gir hills, Barda, Jessore and Chotila together
make up a large minority of Gujarat. Girnar is the tallest peak and Saputara is the only hill-
station in the state
Climate
The climate of Gujarat involves diverse conditions. The plains of Gujarat are very hot and humid
in summer and cold and dry in winter. Summer is milder in the hilly regions and the coast. The
average daytime temperature during winter is around 29 °C (84 °F) and in nights is around 12 °C
(54 °F) with 100 percent sunny days and clear nights. During summers, the daytime temperature
is around 49 °C (120 °F) and at night no lower than 30 °C (86 °F). The monsoon season lasts
from June to September.
Flora and Fauna
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In the early 1980s, paleontologists found dinosaur egg hatcheries and fossils of at least 13
species in Balasinor. The most important find was that of a carnivorous abelisauroid dinosaur
named Rajasurus narmadensis which lived in the Late Cretaceous period. A notable discovery in
the village of Dholi Dungri was that of Sanajeh indicus, a primitive madtsoiid snake that likely
preyed on sauropod dinosaur hatchlings and embryos. Gir Forest National Park in the southwest
part of the state covers part of the lions' habitat. Apart from lions, Indian leopards are also found
in the state. They are spread across the large plains of Saurashtra and the mountains of South
Gujarat. Other National Parks include Vansda National Park, Blackbuck National Park,
Velavadar and Narara Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutchh, Jamnagar. Wildlife sanctuaries
include Wild Ass Wildlife Sanctuary, Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary, Porbandar Bird
Sanctuary, Kutch Desert Wildlife Sanctuary, Kutch Bustard Sanctuary, Narayan Sarovar
Sanctuary, Jessore Sloth Bear Sanctuary, Anjal, Balaram-Ambaji, Barda, Jambughoda, Khavda,
Paniya, Purna, Rampura, Ratan Mahal, and Surpaneshwar.
Economy
Gujarat has the longest coastline in India (1600 km), and its ports (both private and public sector)
handle around 40% of India's ocean cargo, with Mundra Port located in Gulf of Kutch being the
largest port of India by cargo handled (144 million tons) due to its favorable location on the
westernmost part of India and closeness to global shipping lanes. Gujarat also contributes around
20% share in India's industrial production and merchandise exports. According to a 2009 report
on economic freedom by the Cato Institute, Gujarat is the most free state in India (the second one
being Tamil Nadu). Reliance Industries operates the oil refinery at Jamnagar, which is the
world's largest grass-roots refinery at a single location. The world's largest shipbreaking yard is
in Gujarat near Bhavnagar at Alang. India's only Liquid Chemical Port Terminal at Dahej,
developed by Gujarat Chemical Port Terminal Co Ltd. Gujarat has two of the three liquefied
natural gas (LNG) terminals in the country (Dahej and Hazira). Two more LNG terminals are
proposed, at Pipavav and Mundra.
Gujarat has 85% village connectivity with all‐weather roads. Nearly 100% of Gujarat's 18,000
villages have been connected to the electrical grid for 24-hour power to households and eight
hours of power to farms, through the Jyotigram Yojana. As of 2015, Gujarat ranks first
nationwide in gas-based thermal electricity generation with a national market share of over 8%,
and second nationwide in nuclear electricity generation with national market share of over 1%.
The state registered 12.8% agricultural growth in the last five years against the national average
of 2%.
Demographics
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The population of Gujarat was 60,439,692 (31,491,260 males and 28,948,432 females) according
to the 2011 census data. The population density is 308 persons per square kilometer, lower than
other Indian states. As per the census of 2011, the state has a sex ratio of 918 females for every
1000 males, one of the lowest (ranked 24) among the 29 states in India.
While Gujarati speakers constitute a majority of Gujarat's population, the metropolitan areas of
Ahmedabad, Vadodara and Surat are cosmopolitan, with numerous other ethnic and language
groups. Marwaris compose large minorities of economic migrants; smaller communities of
people from the other states of India have also migrated to Gujarat for employment. Luso-
Indians, Anglo-Indians, Jews and Parsis also live in the areas. Sindhi presence is traditionally
important here following the Partition of India in 1947. The Koli forms the largest caste-cluster,
comprising 24% of the total population of the state
Terrain Type
The terrain between Jamnagar and Bhavnagar in Gujarat is mostly flat, but there may be some variations
in elevation
