5/17/2024 Final Project

Digital logic Design

Submitted to:
DR MANSOOR ALAM
Obstacle avoiding Bluetooth controlled Car
Course Instructor: DR MANSOOR ALAM

Submitted By

Name SAP ID
Raheel Nazir 54513
Basit Ali 54596
Syed Nouman Muhsin 52963

Digital Logic Design

Final Semester Project
Department of Computer Sciences
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 Chapter-01
Introduction

1.1 Background:
Wireless or Bluetooth control cars are developed to make our day-to-day life easy
and simpler. Today for striving in this modern era it is necessary to use modern
technology to simplify our day-to-day activities. Thousands of people die because
of driving vehicles. If it can be remote controlled, we will be able to save thousands
of lives. The drone started a revolution in this regard. Bluetooth-controlled cars can
be a revolutionary project for our upcoming future. It can be used for low-range
mobile surveillance devices, (military Applications where human intervention will
be needed), Assistive devices (like wheelchairs), home automation, etc. It is aimed
to bring a huge groundbreaking change in society by overcoming the hurdles we are
facing today. Driverless cars are providing mobility to many people who cannot
drive which is an added advantage to commuters who wish to use cars on daily
basis. Bluetooth control cars are the gadget of the future.

1.2 Problem statement:

Bluetooth Control cars can be a helping hand for the cripples, or for the ones who
want to drive but are unable due to many physical inabilities, where human life is
at risk, we can use it from a very distance as it is fully wireless.

1.3 Project overview:

The main processing unit consists of Arduino UNO to perform specified operations.
Arduino UNO board is used as the main microprocessor of the device. It will run
and will control the movement of the vehicle through the use of the motor driver
who will control the wheels. The Programs are compiled using Arduino IDE and then
the source code is uploaded to the board using a pc and a USB cable. Speed
variations can be achieved by making slight changes to the code. It is based on a 4-

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wheel drive platform integrated with an ultra-sonic sensor and servo motor to avoid
obstacles. It also has an infra-red remote controller for the manual steering of the
vehicle. The car is upgradable and can replace, upgrade and expand the input
sensors and add other functionality by adding other modules. It can also be
controlled through voice.

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 Chapter-02
Project Review

Wireless control is one of the most important basic needs for all people all over the
world. Bluetooth is one of the most used wireless technologies. A Bluetooth control
car is such a car that can be controlled wirelessly using a Bluetooth control system
and Arduino. With the combination of Arduino, and Bluetooth we can control many
other things, like home Lighting, air conditioners, and many more through our cell
phones. The Arduino can also contribute at large to the Smart Home system.
Nowadays it has made us easier to convert digital signals into physical movements
with such microcontrollers.

Today people are using autonomation in every sector. There are many benefits, for
example, it reduces the risk of injury, it is fast, it can work day long, it is reliable, etc.
This Bluetooth control car is just an example of autonomation. This type of car is
used in law enforcement and military engagements for some the reasons like
Hazard exposure which is controlled from a location of relative safety. Such vehicles
are used by many police department bomb squads to defuse or detonate
explosives.
Here we have connected this 4-wheeler with Arduino and Bluetooth Module/ There
is an Android application that is already installed in the remote device. We send our
instruction to the vehicle with that application, that application is connected with
the module in the vehicle. Bluetooth module transfer that instruction as a signal to
the Arduino, and Arduino works with that signal. In the Arduino, we have installed
the code which can work with the signals and convert those instructions to the pre-
defined signals. Signals were transferred to the motors, and the car started running.
This car does not have advanced features but we can attach any kind of features
like line detecting, or obstacle detecting, even though we can attach the camera to
the vehicle and watch it with the remote. This one is just a basic prototype of a
remote-control car, we can add a lot of advanced features and get an
armed/especially capable RC Car.

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This project aimed to design an automated vehicle prototype built with Arduino and
controlled with software developed on Android that can perform manual or
automatic paths. Until now research and analyzing the simulation of experiments
shown, it is believed that it is feasible to use the prototype designed for cognitive
development, for future users can learn to insert custom paths that can process
logic issues and more complex mathematics allowing the prototype to perform the
desired movements. Analyzing the financial costs of design, it is believed that it is
feasible to construct this type of prototype because it presents a low cost of the
components used, particularly if they are chosen in a largescale production. It is
worth noting that both the Arduino programming language and the language for
Arduino in development are free, not burdening additional costs for the
development of the project, pointing out that this applies also to the tools used for
development.

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 Chapter-03
Methodology
3.1 Tools:

• Frame (including motors and wheels):

The main body of the car consists of the frame. Alongside there will be
four motors for the four wheels which will lead down the car.

Figure 01: Frame (including motors and wheels)

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• Arduino Uno:
The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the
Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino. cc.
The board is equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output pins
that may be interfaced with various expansion boards and others circuits.

Figure 02: Arduino UNO

• Motor Driver L293D:

The Motor Driver is a module for motors that allows you to control the
working speed and direction of two motors simultaneously. This Motor
Driver is designed and developed based on L293D IC. L293D is a 16 Pin
Motor Driver IC. This is designed to provide bidirectional drive currents
at voltages from 5 V to 36 V. Rotation of a motor depends on the
enabled pins.

Figure 03: Motor Driver L293D

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• Jumper wires:

A jump wire (also known as jumper, jumper wire, DuPont wire) is an

electrical wire, or group of them in a cable, with a connector or pin at
each end (or sometimes without them – simply "tinned"), which is
normally used to interconnect the components of a breadboard or
other prototype or test circuit, internally or with other equipment or
components, without soldering.

Figure 04: Jumper wires

• Battery:

A battery is an energy source consisting of one or more

electrochemical cells and terminals on both ends called an anode (-)
and a cathode (+). Here for the project, a 9V battery has been used.

Figure 05: Battery

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• Bluetooth Module:

In figure 06 HC-05 6 Pin Wireless Serial Bluetooth Module is a

Bluetooth module for use with any microcontroller. It uses the UART
protocol to make it easy to send and receive data wirelessly. The HC-
06 module is a slave-only device. This means that it can connect to
most phones and computers using Bluetooth technology.

Figure 06: Bluetooth Module

• Servo Motor:

A servo motor is a rotary actuator that allows for precise control of

angular position. It consists of a motor coupled to a sensor for position
feedback. It also requires a servo drive to complete the system. The drive
uses the feedback sensor to precisely control the rotary position of the
motor.

Figure 07: Servo motor

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• Switch:

In figure 08, A switch is used for turning on the power of the vehicle.
It controls the battery connection of the vehicle.

Figure 08: Switch

• Battery holder:

In figure 09, A battery holder is used for inserting two battery cells into
the holder, in order to give power supply to the motors.

Figure 09: Battery holder

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 • Ultrasonic sensor:

An ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures the distance to an

object using ultrasonic sound waves. An ultrasonic sensor uses a
transducer to send and receive ultrasonic pulses that relay back
information about an object's proximity.

Figure 10: Ultrasonic sensor

3.2 Circuit diagram and connections:

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 Chapter-04
Conclusion

This project consists of a basic prototype of a Bluetooth control car above stated.
The prototype car can recognize commands from users and can turn the car left,
right, and stop with great accuracy. It can be further improved by using different
sensors like infrared and with various levels of coding.

Our Bluetooth control car has a range of 10-20 meter and the speed of 170 meter
per second with the mobile Bluetooth controlling system. The range mostly
depends on the receivers transmission level.

In the future, we could use rechargeable batteries like Ni-Cd Battery or Li-ion
batteries that could avoid the present disadvantage. Also, we could make use of
this RC Motor Car as a surveillance system or rovers by adding a few more sensors
and updating the code. This would make them into robots. These robots could self-
monitor under any human supervision, thereby reducing manpower. These are just
the alternatives, on which this project could be improvised and updated.

IoT or the internet of things is a very important part of both computers and our
daily lives. The above model describes how the Arduino programs the car motor
module and by IoT, we rotate the wheels and give direction to the car. IoT allows
us to work with different platforms and it helps us to create various interesting
modules to work on.

With the ever-increasing problems, our knowledge has to expand to adapt better
to the changes all around us. In the same way, it is hoped that this activity is a small
step that would lead us to further enhancements and goals.

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