Fr.

Conceicao Rodrigues college of

Engineering Department of Computer Engineering

Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues college of

Engineering Department of Computer Engineering
Experiment 2
Title: Study and Implementation of Virtualization. LO1

Objective:
• Understanding virtualization.

• Comprehend concepts of Hypervisor.

• Study and Deployment of Type-II hypervisor using VirtualBox.

• Study and Deployment of Type-I hypervisor using XenServer.

PART 1: INTRODUCTION TO VIRTUALIZATION

Understanding Virtualization
• Virtualization is a technology that creates virtual versions of physical resources, such as servers,
storage devices, networks, and even entire computing infrastructures.
• It involves creating a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, including virtual computer
hardware platforms, storage devices, and computer network resources.

How Virtualization Works?

• At its core, virtualization relies on software to simulate hardware functionality and create a virtual
computing system. This allows IT organizations to run more than one virtual system – and
multiple operating systems and applications – on a single server.
• The key to this process is the 'hypervisor', a software layer that allows multiple operating systems
to share a single hardware host.

Types of Virtualizations
• Server Virtualization: Partitioning a physical server into smaller virtual servers. • Network
Virtualization: Simulating a physical network to allow applications run on a virtual network as if
they were running on a physical network.
• Storage Virtualization: Pooling physical storage from multiple network storage devices into a
single storage device managed from a central console.
• Desktop Virtualization: Separating the desktop environment and associated application software
from the physical client device used to access it.

Benefits of Virtualization
• Increased IT Agility, Flexibility, and Scalability
• Reduced Capital and Operating Costs

• Minimized or Eliminated Downtime

TE VI Computer Engg. Cloud Computing Lab

 Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues college of
Engineering Department of Computer Engineering

• Increased Efficiency in Resource Utilization

• Faster Provisioning of Applications and Resources

• Greater Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery

• Simplified Data Center Management

• Availability of a True Software-Defined Data Center

Characteristics of virtualized environment

• Increased Security: Virtualization provides increased security through mechanisms such as

isolating operating systems and applications within separate virtual machines. This
compartmentalization ensures that breaches in one VM do not affect others.
• Managed Execution: This is an overarching concept in virtualization that encompasses several
sub-characteristics:
▪ Sharing: Refers to the capability of the hypervisor to allow multiple virtual machines to share
the underlying physical resources efficiently. This sharing must be managed to prevent any
single VM from monopolizing resources to the detriment of others.
▪ Aggregation: Involves combining multiple physical resources to function as a single resource
for virtual machines. Managed execution must handle this aggregation to ensure resources
are distributed as needed among VMs.
▪ Emulation: Managed execution includes emulating hardware so that software not directly
compatible with the underlying physical hardware can still run on a virtual machine.

▪ Isolation: A key aspect of managed execution is ensuring that virtual machines remain
isolated from one another. This prevents problems within one VM, such as security issues or
crashes, from affecting others.
• Portability: Virtual machines can be easily moved and run on different physical machines,
which is facilitated by the virtualization layer's ability to manage execution across diverse
hardware environments. This ensures that the behavior of the VM remains consistent regardless
of the underlying hardware.

Virtualized reference model

The Virtualized Reference Model in cloud computing provides a framework for understanding the
various layers and components involved in virtualization. It serves as a guide to comprehend how
different virtualization technologies interact and operate within a cloud environment.

TE VI Computer Engg. Cloud Computing Lab

 Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues college of
Engineering Department of Computer Engineering

Figure 1: Virtualized reference model

• Host Layer:
▪ This is the foundational layer that includes the physical hardware and the host operating
system.
▪ The host layer consists of the actual physical machines with their resources like CPU,
memory, storage, and networking capabilities.
▪ The operating system installed on this physical hardware is known as the host OS, which
directly interacts with the physical resources.
• Virtualization Layer:
▪ Positioned above the Host Layer, the virtualization layer is where the hypervisor or virtual
machine monitor (VMM) resides.
▪ The hypervisor is responsible for creating, running, and managing multiple virtual machines.
▪ It acts as an intermediary between the physical host resources and the virtual environments,
ensuring efficient and secure distribution of resources to the virtual machines.
• Guest Layer:
▪ This top layer consists of the virtual machines (VMs), each running its own guest operating
system.
▪ The guest OS is independent of the host OS, meaning different VMs can run different
operating systems on the same physical hardware.
▪ Applications and services run within these VMs, completely unaware of the underlying
physical infrastructure.

Importance in Cloud Computing

• The Virtualized Reference Model provides a clear structure for understanding the separation of
concerns and layers in a virtualized environment.
• It helps in recognizing how virtual resources are mapped to physical resources and how
virtualization technology manages these layers to provide flexible, scalable, and efficient

TE VI Computer Engg. Cloud Computing Lab

 Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues college of
Engineering Department of Computer Engineering
computing environments.

PART 2 UNDERSTING THE HYPERVISORS

A hypervisor is a software layer that enables virtualization, a technology allowing multiple operating
systems to share a single hardware host. It's the core component that separates the physical resources
from the operating systems and applications.

The primary role of a hypervisor is to allocate physical resources (like CPU, memory, and storage) to
each virtual machine (VM) and ensure isolation and independence among them. This isolation is
crucial for maintaining system stability and security.

Functions of Hypervisor
• Resource Management: The hypervisor dynamically allocates and manages the physical
resources of the host machine among the VMs. This includes managing CPU time, memory
allocation, and network bandwidth, ensuring that each VM gets the necessary resources without
interfering with others.

• Isolation and Independence: It maintains a strict separation between VMs. This means that
processes running in one VM cannot affect the other VMs on the same host. It enhances security
and stability, as a problem in one VM does not impact others.
• Creating and Managing VMs: Hypervisors allow for the creation, deletion, and management of
VMs. They handle the lifecycle of VMs, including starting, pausing, and stopping them as
needed.

Figure 2: Types of Hypervisors

Type 1 Hypervisor (Bare-Metal/ Native)

• Type 1 hypervisors run directly on the host's hardware to control the hardware and manage guest

TE VI Computer Engg. Cloud Computing Lab

 Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues college of
Engineering Department of Computer Engineering
operating systems. They interact directly with the physical server’s CPU, memory, and other
resources without an underlying operating system.
• Characteristics:
▪ High Efficiency and Performance: Due to their direct interaction with hardware, they offer
better performance and efficiency, making them suitable for high-demand environments.
▪ Enhanced Security: Being closer to the hardware and without an underlying host OS, they
are less vulnerable to attacks.
• Ideal for enterprise environments, data centers, and situations where resource optimization,
reliability, and security are crucial.
• Examples:
▪ VMware ESXi: Known for robustness and advanced features in resource management and
scalability.
▪ Microsoft Hyper-V: Integrated with Windows Server and optimized for Windows
environments.
▪ Citrix XenServer: Offers strong server and desktop virtualization capabilities.
Type 2 Hypervisors (Hosted)
• Type 2 hypervisors run on top of an existing operating system. They are installed as software
applications and create virtual machines that operate on top of the host OS.
• Characteristics:
▪ Ease of Installation and Use: Since they operate like conventional applications, they are
simpler to set up and use.
▪ Flexibility: Suitable for environments where flexibility and ease of use are more important
than optimal performance.
• Commonly used for testing, development, and educational purposes where rapid setup and ease
of use are prioritized over raw performance.
• Examples:
▪ Oracle VirtualBox: Free and open-source, widely used for its compatibility with multiple
operating systems.
▪ VMware Workstation: Offers a rich feature set for development and testing, with
capabilities like snapshots and cloning.
▪ Parallels Desktop: Known for its seamless integration with macOS, allowing Mac users
to run Windows applications.

Role of Hypervisors in Cloud Computing

Hypervisors are fundamental to cloud computing, providing the technology foundation for cloud
services. They enable the cloud's scalable, flexible, and efficient resource utilization, allowing cloud
providers to offer various services such as IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.

TE VI Computer Engg. Cloud Computing Lab

 Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues college of
Engineering Department of Computer Engineering
TASK 1: INSTALLATION OF A TYPE 2 HYPERVISOR VIRTUALBOX AND
DEPLOYMENT OF LINUX (UBUNTU) IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.

Step 1: Click on New tab in the Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager window.

Step 2: In the elevated window, type Ubuntu in the Name section. Choose Linux as
the Type and Ubuntu(64-bit) as the Version. Then, click Next.

TE VI Computer Engg. Cloud Computing Lab

 Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues college of
Engineering Department of Computer Engineering

Step 3:. At this window, set the memory size. Generally speaking, the memory size
will be set at an ideal value. If not, you need to set it by yourself. You can refer to
the recommended size. Then, click Next.

Step 4: If you are prompted with the window for choosing storage on physical hard
disk, click Next directly. Either to choose Dynamically allocated or Fixed size is
ok. In the File location and size window, you can configure the size or follow the
default size. Then click Create to start creating.

TE VI Computer Engg. Cloud Computing Lab

 Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues college of
Engineering Department of Computer Engineering

Step 5: Enable the Ubuntu Now, you can enable the Ubuntu on VirtualBox with the
following steps.

Step 1: Double click the Ubuntu option in the left pane. Then a menu will open by itself.

Step 2: In the prompted window, click the icon at the bottom right of the window. Select the ISO
file that you stored on the computer and click the Open button.

Step 3: Then click the Start button to continue.

TE VI Computer Engg. Cloud Computing Lab

 Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues college of
Engineering Department of Computer Engineering
Step 4: In the next prompted window, click Install Ubuntu.
Step 5: After choosing the two listed options, click Continue in the Preparing to install
Ubuntu window.
Step 6: Check the Erase disk and install Ubuntu option and click Install now.

TASK 2: INSTALLATION OF A TYPE 1 HYPERVISOR XENSERVER/ CITRIX

HYPERVISOR

Citrix Hypervisor, formerly known as XenServer, is a Type 1 hypervisor developed by Citrix Systems.
As a bare-metal hypervisor, it's installed directly on the physical hardware of a server and manages
multiple virtual machines (VMs) efficiently. Citrix Hypervisor is recognized for its scalability, strong
performance in virtualized environments, and its support for a wide range of guest operating systems.
It's often used in enterprise settings due to its robustness and advanced features like resource
scheduling, live migration, and high availability. Citrix Hypervisor also integrates well with other
Citrix products, making it a preferred choice for businesses utilizing Citrix solutions for their
virtualization and cloud computing needs.

TE VI Computer Engg. Cloud Computing Lab

 Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues college of
Engineering Department of Computer Engineering

TE VI Computer Engg. Cloud Computing Lab

 Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues college of
Engineering Department of Computer Engineering

TE VI Computer Engg. Cloud Computing Lab

 Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues college of
Engineering Department of Computer Engineering

TE VI Computer Engg. Cloud Computing Lab

 Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues college of
Engineering Department of Computer Engineering

TE VI Computer Engg. Cloud Computing Lab

 Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues college of
Engineering Department of Computer Engineering

TE VI Computer Engg. Cloud Computing Lab

 Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues college of
Engineering Department of Computer Engineering

TE VI Computer Engg. Cloud Computing Lab

 Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues college of
Engineering Department of Computer Engineering
POST LAB:
Batch B

1. Summarize the primary benefits of using virtualization in an IT infrastructure. 2. What factors

should be considered when choosing between a Type 1 hypervisor like Citrix Hypervisor and a Type
2 hypervisor like Oracle VirtualBox for a specific use case?

TE VI Computer Engg. Cloud Computing Lab