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OOP Lab 08

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9 views

OOP Lab 08

Uploaded by

Asmara Minhas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIVERSITY OF CHAKWAL

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE


(Object Oriented Programming)

Lab 08

Polymorphism (Function
overloading ,Operator overloading)

Lab Instructor: Engr. Samina Bilquees


Objectives
In this lab, you will learn:
 Polymorphism
 Function Overloading 
 Operator Overloading
1. Polymorphism
Polymorphism means "many forms", and it occurs when we have many classes that are related to each
other by inheritance. Like we specified in the previous chapter; Inheritance lets us inherit attributes and
methods from another class. Polymorphism uses those methods to perform different tasks. This allows us
to perform a single action in different ways.

For example, think of a base class called Animal that has a method called animalSound(). Derived classes
of Animals could be Pigs, Cats, Dogs, Birds - And they also have their own implementation of an animal
sound (the pig oinks, and the cat meows, etc.):

C++ allows you to specify more than one definition for a function name or an operator in the same
scope, which is called function overloading and operator overloading respectively.An overloaded
declaration is a declaration that is declared with the same name as a previously declared declaration in the
same scope, except that both declarations have different arguments and obviously different definition
(implementation).
When you call an overloaded function or operator, the compiler determines the most appropriate
definition to use, by comparing the argument types you have used to call the function or operator with the
parameter types specified in the definitions. The process of selecting the most appropriate overloaded
function or operator is called overload resolution.

1.1 Function Overloading


You can have multiple definitions for the same function name in the same scope. In C++, two
functions can have the same name if the number and/or type of arguments passed is different. These
functions having the same name but different arguments are known as overloaded functions. For
example:
Code Example
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class printData {
public:
void print(int i) {
cout << "Printing int: " << i << endl;
}
void print(double f) {
cout << "Printing float: " << f << endl;
}
void print(char* c) {
cout << "Printing character: " << c << endl;
}
};
int main(void) {
printData pd;

// Call print to print integer


pd.print(5);

// Call print to print float


pd.print(500.263);

// Call print to print character


pd.print("Hello C++");

return 0;
}

1.2 Operator Overloading


You can redefine or overload most of the built-in operators available in C++. Thus, a programmer can use
operators with user-defined types as well. Overloaded operators are functions with special names: the
keyword "operator" followed by the symbol for the operator being defined. Like any other function, an
overloaded operator has a return type and a parameter list. Overloaded operators are functions with special
names: the keyword "operator" followed by the symbol for the operator being defined. Like any other
function, an overloaded operator has a return type and a parameter list.
Box operator+(const Box&);

 Unary Operator Overloading

 Binary operator Overloading


1.2.1 Unary Operator Overloading

The unary operators operate on a single operand and following are the examples of Unary operators −

 The increment (++) and decrement (--) operators.


 The unary minus (-) operator.
 The logical not (!) operator.

The unary operators operate on the object for which they were called and normally, this operator appears
on the left side of the object, as in !obj, -obj, and ++obj but sometime they can be used as postfix as well
like obj++ or obj--. Following example explain how minus (-) operator can be overloaded for prefix as
well as postfix usage.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Distance {
private:
int feet; // 0 to infinite
int inches; // 0 to 12

public:
// required constructors
Distance() {
feet = 0;
inches = 0;
}
Distance(int f, int i) {
feet = f;
inches = i;
}
// method to display distance
void displayDistance() {
cout << "F: " << feet << " I:" << inches <<endl;
}

// overloaded minus (-) operator


Distance operator- () {
feet = -feet;
inches = -inches;
return Distance(feet, inches);
}
};

int main() {
Distance D1(11, 10), D2(-5, 11);

-D1; // apply negation


D1.displayDistance(); // display D1
-D2; // apply negation
D2.displayDistance(); // display D2
return 0;
}

1.2.2 Binary Operator overloading

The binary operators take two arguments and following are the examples of Binary operators. You use
binary operators very frequently like addition (+) operator, subtraction (-) operator and division (/)
operator. Following example explains how addition (+) operator can be overloaded. Similar way, you can
overload subtraction (-) and division (/) operators. Following is the example to show the concept of
operator over loading using a member function. Here an object is passed as an argument whose properties
will be accessed using this object, the object which will call this operator can be accessed
using this operator as explained below −.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Box {
double length; // Length of a box
double breadth; // Breadth of a box
double height; // Height of a box

public:

double getVolume(void) {
return length * breadth * height;
}

void setLength( double len ) {


length = len;
}

void setBreadth( double bre ) {


breadth = bre;
}
void setHeight( double hei ) {
height = hei;
}

// Overload + operator to add two Box objects.


Box operator+(const Box& b) {

Box box;
box.length = this->length + b.length;
box.breadth = this->breadth + b.breadth;
box.height = this->height + b.height;
return box;
}
};

// Main function for the program


int main() {
Box Box1; // Declare Box1 of type Box
Box Box2; // Declare Box2 of type Box
Box Box3; // Declare Box3 of type Box
double volume = 0.0; // Store the volume of a box here

// box 1 specification

Box1.setLength(6.0);
Box1.setBreadth(7.0);
Box1.setHeight(5.0);
// box 2 specification
Box2.setLength(12.0);
Box2.setBreadth(13.0);
Box2.setHeight(10.0);

// volume of box 1
volume = Box1.getVolume();
cout << "Volume of Box1 : " << volume <<endl;

// volume of box 2
volume = Box2.getVolume();
cout << "Volume of Box2 : " << volume <<endl;

// Add two object as follows:


Box3 = Box1 + Box2;

// volume of box 3
volume = Box3.getVolume();
cout << "Volume of Box3 : " << volume <<endl;

return 0;
}

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