1

The effectiveness of 4ps (PANTAWID PAMILYA PROGRAM) In

financial support among grade 11 students at kabulusan Integrated
National High School.

A Quantitative Research
Paper Presented to the Faculty of
Kabulusan Integrated National High School
Kabulusan Pakil, Laguna

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the
Seinior High School Curriculum

GENERAL ACADEMIC STRAND

ANGELO C. MANALO
JOHN EXEQUEL MANIEGO
LOVENELL RAMIREZ
PRINCESS DIANE POLITICO
JENNELYN MANUEL

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APPROVAL SHEET

This Research entitled “THESIS TITLE THESIS TITLE THESIS TITLE

THESIS TITLE THESIS TITLE THESIS TITLE THESIS TITLE”, prepared and
submitted by Name in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the the degree of

Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Mathematics, has been examined and

recommended for acceptance and approval for oral examination.

PERCIVAL M. GRACILLA
Adviser

Panel of Examiners

Approved by the committee on oral examination with a grade of this

20th Day of March, 2024.

COMPLETE NAME AND TITLE OF CHAIRMAN

Chairman

COMPLETE NAME AND TITLE COMPLETE NAME AND TITLE

Member Member

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor in Secondary Education major in Filipino.

JANET R. DE LUNA, Ph.D.

Principal II

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The acknowledgements section is where you thank those who have

helped and supported you during the research and writing process. This includes

both professional and personal acknowledgments.

The writing style for dissertation acknowledgements can be more informal,

as this is not part of the academic work itself — it is your chance to write

something more personal. For that reason, you may use first-person pronouns in

this section.

Start with an introductory paragraph stating your gratitude towards the

people who helped you accomplish the research. For the next paragraphs, you

can address people individually for their contributions. Suggested order: research

advisers, teachers, family, friends.

As much as possible, limit the acknowledgment into 1-2 pages

I.N.I.T.I.A.L.S

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DEDICATION

List down all the people you dedicate this work to.

I.N.I.T.I.A.L.S

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ABSTRACT

Thesis title thesis title thesis title thesis title thesis title thesis title thesis
title thesis title thesis title thesis title thesis title thesis title
by:

Name of Researcher

This is the overview of your whole study (Summary of Chapters 1-5). Main

areas to discuss: research questions, significance of the study, methods, results,

conclusions and recommendations. Limit to 2 pages, not more than 300 words.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preliminaries

Title Page i
Approval Sheet ii
Acknowledgement iii
Dedication iv
Abstract v
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii

Chapter
1 THE PROBLEM: RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND 1

Rationale 1
Background of the Study 2
Statement of the Problem 4
Hypotheses of the Study 4
Conceptual Framework 5
Research Paradigm 5
Theoretical Framework 5
Significance of the Study 7
Scope and Limitation of the Study 8
Definition of Terms 9

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 10

3 METHODOLOGY 16

Research Design 16
Setting of the Study 16
Subject of the Study 18
Research Instrument 18
Research Procedures 20

4 RESULTS, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 22

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5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 28

Summary of Findings 28
Conclusions 28
Recommendations 29

Bibliography 30

Appendices 33

Questionnaires 39

Statistical Computations 42

In-Action Photos 45

Curriculum Vitae……………………………………………………….……………...49

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

1 Title of Table 1 18
2 Title of Table 2 22
3 Title of Table 3 23

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

1 Title of Figure 1 6

2 Geographical Location of the Study 17

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 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM: RATIONALE AND ITS BACKGROUND

Rationale

The insufficiency of cash grants to cover health and nutrition and

education expenses, as well as postponed cash r eleases and strict rules and

regulations, represent a few of the specific challenges faced by 4ps

(PANTAWAD PAMILYA PROGRAM) people in the Philippines, described in

related literature and studies. Other challenges that limit the program's potential

include limited transparency and communication of the eligibility requirements,

strict monitoring of beneficiary compliance, and delays in receiving cash

transfers. Even with the availability of financial aid, family living situations and a

low standard of living might cause students to drop out of school. To improve

their income and meet their daily needs, it is advised that beneficiaries participate

in workshops and training related to business and livelihood. The effects of the

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) on the academic performance of

Kabulusan National High School students who are program beneficiaries in San

Isidro, in the Philippines, was measured and analyzed in this study. Ninety-five

4Ps student beneficiaries who met the following criteria—being a 4Ps

beneficiary, a student in Kabulusan Integrated National High School at the time

of collecting information, and being willing to participate in the study—were

provided survey questionnaires. When all the data was analyzed, it became clear

that the program had a major impact on the beneficiaries' performance,

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particularly in terms of encouraging them to attend courses. The outcome also

confirms Vroom's Expectancy Theory, which holds that students' behavior,

achievement, and efforts are determined by how much weight they place on their

goal.outcome. In this particular case, in order to meet the conditions and

continue to be eligible for the financial award that improves the

socioeconomic.Based on its conditional conditions, the 4Ps have a great impact

on the education of students. Students are able and motivated to attend lessons

because they have access to adequate school supplies, nutritious meals,

parasite-free stomachs, and involved and supportive parents.Based on its

conditional conditions, the 4Ps have a great impact on the education of students.

Students are able and motivated to attend lessons because they have access to

adequate school supplies, nutritious meals, parasite-free stomachs, and involved

and supportive parents.

Background of the Study

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 According to Tabuga, Aubrey D. The goal of this research is to understand

the details and changes in the labor market findings from 4Ps recipients. The

main social assistance program of the Philippine government, called the 4Ps or

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, aims to end intergenerational poverty by

offering rewards for investing in human capital. Having access to a reliable

method of subsistence is essential to achieving human capital development. This

study constructed a panel of households and members to assess changes in

labor status over time, or lack thereof, using survey data sets obtained and used

in previous research on the 4Ps program. The goal is to collect information that

may be applied to the creation, reworking, and implementation of related

initiatives like the Sustainable Livelihood Program in order improveThe outcome

of 4Ps beneficiaries on the labor market. According to the survey, there is a

substantial gender disparity in terms of labor market status, with men doing

better in terms of stable employment. The majority of women, and men

meanwhile, decide not to work and instead perform unpaid labor around the

house and with family. The study highlights the importance of the Sustainable

Livelihood Program, which has been shown to primarily assist women, and also

the need for broad, sustainable livelihood initiatives that specifically target young

mothers and women in lower-income neighborhoods.

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Statement of the Problem

This study seeks to determine the effectiveness of the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in providing financial support to Grade 11

students at Kabulusan Integrated National High School. Specifically, it aims to

answer the following questions:

1. What is the background (age, gender, socio economics status) of the

grade 11 students at KINHS who recieve support from the 4ps programs?
2. How effective is the 4ps program is supporting grade 11 students at
KINHS with their finances.
3. What impact does the 4ps program have on the academic
performance and well-being of grade 11 students at KINHS.
4. Is there a significant relationship between the profile of the
respondents and The 4ps (Pantawid Pamilyan Program) financial
support program
5. Is there a significant relationship between the profile of the
respondents an
The academic performance , school dropout rate , and overall
well-being of grade 11 students at KINHS
6. Is there a significant relationship between the independent
variable The 4ps (Pantawid Pamilyan Program) financial support
program and dependent variable Dependent variable: The
academic performance , school dropout rate , and overall well-
being of grade 11 students at KINHS

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 Hypothesis of the Study
The given hypothesis were formulated in an attempt to find temporary

answers to the specific questions relevant to the study.

1. There is no significant relationship between the profile of the

respondents and the The 4ps (Pantawid Pamilyan Program)

financial support program .

2. There is no significant relationship between the profile of the

respondents and The academic performance , school dropout

rate , and overall well-being of grade 11 students at KINHS

3. There is no significant relationship between the The 4ps (Pantawid

Pamilyan Program) financial support program and The

academic performance , school dropout rate , and overall

well-being of grade 11 students at KINHS

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 Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 reflects the conceptual model that shows the overview of how the

steps in the research are integrated.

The first rectangle The 4ps (Pantawid Pamilyan Program) financial

support program
The second rectangle The academic performance , school dropout rate ,
and overall well-being of grade 11 students at KINHS

DEPENDENT VARIABLE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

The academic performance ,

school dropout rate , and overall
well-being of grade 11 students at The 4ps (Pantawid Pamilyan Program)
KINHS financial support program

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 Research Paradigm

The research paradigm employed in studies examining the

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is often a mixed methods approach,
combining both quantitative and qualitative research methods. This approach
allows researchers to gain a comprehensive understanding of the program's
impact by exploring both measurable outcomes and the lived experiences of
beneficiaries. Here's a breakdown of the key elements of the research paradigm
typically used in 4Ps studies.

Conceptual framework

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

home environment,study habits, learning Out standing,very

skills satisfactory,satisfactory, fairly
satisfactory,did not meet expectations

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Theoretical Framework

The Social Learning Theory of Albert Bandura, first released in 1900,

serves as the foundation for the current research. According to the notion,

students take up knowledge from modeling, imitation, and observation. Since

parents are the main role models for their children, each learner's learning

process may be impacted by cognitive biases in their attitudes, thoughts, and

feelings. When there is a proper and safe atmosphere for learning, students learn

more effectively. The Psychosocial Theory of Erickson and the Social Learning

Theory of Bandura, as stated by Gines (2003), both take into consideration and

support the idea that students ought to be exposed to an array of educational

activities as possibilities for growth and development. The foundation of

Erickson's psychosocial theory, which unifies social and personal development,

is the assumption that growth in oneself is an answer to needs. This

development happens in steps, each of which is distinguished by a crisis a

psychosocial obstacle. As people developed, there were challenges

transformation opening the door to growth.

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Significance of the Study

One can understand the significance of a study from multiple perspectives

for how well the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) supports Grade 11
students financially. I plan to sum up the importance of this work in the following
way

Educational Attainment and Support: Better Access to Education: By

providing assistance with tuition, the 4Ps action attempts to raise the academic

performance of students from low-income households. How successfully it

assists Grade 11 pupils, who are at an important moment in their education, can

be determined through evaluating its effectiveness.

Economic Impact on Families: When analyzing the effects of the

financial support on families, the study may identify whether or not it relieves

financial strains that could otherwise push students to take time out from school

in order to help out with home costs.

Policy and Program Evaluation: The investigation provides helpful

insights on the way the 4Ps program succeeds in achieving its educational

objectives. It is designed for pointing out either the program's execution and

deficiencies in design.

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 Long-Term Educational and Social Outcomes: Assessing how the

program impacts current pupils might help anticipate future professional and

academic outcomes. Beneficiaries may have better job prospects and graduation

rates as a consequence of effective support.

Community and Stakeholder Engagement: Outcomes can spark

conversations on improving educational support systems between a variety of

stakeholders, such as educators, municipalities, and non-governmental

organizations.

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Scope and Limitations of the Study

It is critical to define the fields of concentrate and identify any possible

drawbacks when defining the scope and limitations of a study on the

effectiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in providing

financial support to students in Grade 11.

The study focuses specifically on Grade 11 students who are beneficiaries

of the 4Ps program. It examines how the program’s financial support impacts

their educational experience.

The study will investigate the various kinds of financial aid offered by 4Ps,

namely cash grants, and how these affect the students' expenses for schooling.

The purpose of the study is to determine whether financial assistance has

an impact on students' involvement, academic achievement, and total

educational attainment.

The project will evaluate whether 4Ps financial support lowers financial

obstacles to schooling and how it affects household economic stability.

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Definition of Terms

For the purpose of gaining more understanding in this study, the

following terms are defined: (include terminologies listed on your research
paradigm) The effectiveness of 4ps (PANTAWID PAMILYA PROGRAM)
In financial support among grade 11 students at kabulusan Integrated
National High School.

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps): A social protection program in

the Philippines designed at improving low-income families' overall health, health,

and educational prospects by giving them conditional cash transfers. The

program's objective is to improve human capital and reduce poverty by offering

financial aid subject to conditions such common health checkups and attendance

at school.

Financial Support: monetary support given to qualified families under the 4Ps

initiative. In besides easing financial strain on families, this support is meant to

help youngsters stay in school and do better academically by covering basic

requirements and tuition.

Effectiveness: The extent to which the 4Ps program achieves by offering

financial help for students in Grade 11 as proposed. This entails evaluating the

total effect on the financial state of students and their families as well as tracking

advances in educational outcomes, such as attendance and academic

performance.

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Grade 11 Students: Students in the Philippines' K–12 system who are

approaching the eleventh grade, typically around their ages of 16 and 17. They

begin to specialize in particular academic or job fields at this crucial point in their

secondary school.

Educational Outcomes: The tangible results related to learners' learning

success as well as growth as learners. This covers indicators including grades,

attendance proportions, involvement in extracurricular activities, and general

academic engagement.

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 CHAPTER 2

RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter deal with the review of related literature and studies, both

foreign and local, which were considered significant, relevant and provide

foundations of the present study.

Foreign Literature

Academic Performance, School dropout rate, and overall well-being

According to Florinda Vigonte Challenges, and Action Plans (February 22,2024),2024 The
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), the Philippines’ primary Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT),has
sparked heated discussion. This paper examines its consequences through the prism of demography and
economic policy, focusing on its accomplishments, problems, and potential next steps. It shows how
demographic factors-age, geography, and household composition-influence program outcomes and
investigate the relationship between the 4Ps and broader economic pressures. Insights demonstrate its
success in increasing school attendance, healthcare use, and maternal health indices. However, issues
such as leakage graduation difficulties, and limited economic impact require addressing. We evaluate the
program’s alignment with pro-poor economic policies and its contribution to increasing financial inclusion
and livelihood prospects. Moving beyond criticism, we recommend action plans to local economic growth.
By developing synergies with supportive policies and customizing interventions for different populations,
the 4Ps can maximize their ability to empower Filipinos and break the cycle of poverty.

As cited by Ronald Diaz Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 2-11,2021 Despite the economic growth
experienced by the Philiippines in the recent years in terms of high GDP, poverty in the country still
prevails. Prevalence of many poor families and individuals in the country prompted the Philippine
government to implement the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Bridging Program for the Filipino
Family) also known as 4Ps, the country’s conditional cash transfer (CCT) program that aims to provide
conditional cash grants to the poorest of the poor. This paper aims to examine the effect of 4Ps on the
country’s Human Development Index (HDI). It also seeks to find out if conditional cash transfer program
provides significant effect on the HDIs of low and middle-income countries worldwide. The mean Human
Development Index (HDI) of the Philippines before and throughout the implementation of 4Ps was
compared. The difference between the HDIs of selected countries (low and middle-income) implementing
and non-implementing the conditional cash transfer programs was determined. The findings of this study
show that the Philippines has a significantly higher mean HDI during the implementation of 4Ps since 2008
to 2018 compared to its years when there was no 4Ps. The results further indicate that low and middle-
income countries with CCT programs have significantly higher HDIs in comparison to their counterparts. A
through evaluation of the CCT programs in terms of issues such as dependency and reviewing the
conditionalities of the program to provide more significant and promising effect on HDI needs to be
Undertaken.

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As cited by Erika Feinauer Harvard University, 2006 In the United states, Latino students have the highest
high school dropout rate of any minority group and rank lowest in academic achievement measures
beginning as early as elementary school. Latinos also comprise the fastest growing group of students in
the public school system (Rittenhouse, 1998; department of education,2001). Many educational scholars
report that identity formation, plays n important role in the educational achievement of minority and
language minority youth. However, in this body of research the inquiry around ethnic identity has focused
mainly on adolescents and young adults. EM Hanson- 1986 and therefore to improve the well-being of
that nation’s population.

According to E Mark Hanson Hoover Press, 1986 Since the mid-1970s, world attention has focused on the
social and economic change and political turbulence that have been shaking the institutional foundations
and disrupting the economies of several third world nations. for better or for worse, processes of change
highly visible, frequently coerced, and often out of control have been occurring. However, another
significant form of change has also been taking place in many third world nations. A concerted, but often
undramatic and unpublicized, effort is being made to modernize public institutions. Although both forms
of institutional change are important and worthy of scholarly attention, the latter, it seems to me, is less
understood but in some ways more important. Whatever governmental and economic systems eventually
emerge as a result of the unrest, the task of institutional modernization must still be faced if the quality of
life is to be improved significantly. The study reported here began in 1968 while I was working on a
human resource development project at the Harvard University Graduate School of Education. In that
year, the Venezuelan and Colombian governments almost simultaneously launched major long-term
efforts to strengthen the organization and the management capabilities of their Ministries of Education.
The ultimate goal of both countries was to facilitate the development of modern educational systems.
Over a fourteen-year period (1968-1982), I made several extended trips to both countries to gather data,
and I was quite surprised (as I anticipate many readers will be) by what I saw. Because of the vast oil
revenues Venezuela was receiving during the 1970s, I expected that it would have a decided advantage
over the relatively poor country of Colombia in attaining its reform goals.

As cited by Leo Rasca-Hidalgo Low completion rates have created serious” leakage points” (Astin, 1088)
and” severe hemorrhaging” (Lango, 1996) in higher education to a large number of Hispanics. Traditional
research on college persistence, which has blamed the students’ culture for low performance, is
inaccurate. Little research has specifically investigated academic persistence from a cultural perspective.
Spirituality is a dynamic dimension among this cultural group. It is an untapped richness that Hispanic
students bring with them to higher education. The study focused on six participants’ understanding of
spirituality from a cultural perspective. The purpose of the study helped participants voice the influence of
their cultural spirituality and critically reflect the university’s role regarding this cultural dimension. The
research question was: What does spirituality, from a cultural aspect, mean in the context of persistence
by Mexican American Chicana (o) students who transfer from a community college to a small liberal arts
university? Critical theory, emphasizing phenomenology and critical consciousness, was the
epistemological perspective. Such a critical perspective and indigenous methodology embraced the
participants border knowledge. Data was interpreted with the following findings. The majority of the
participants’ survey responses indicated that matters of the spirit are important and significant to them.
Through the dialogos the participants expressed interpretations and critiques by indigenous modes of
language that spirituality did influenced their persistence. In the circulos the participants developed
insights interconnecting spirituality and persistence. The co-investigators ’enriched the analysis by their
cultural intuition and bicultural understanding. epistemological perspective. An indigenous methodology

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Local Literature

Academic Performance, School dropout rate, and overall well-being

According to Darylle C. Chavez Poverty is a serious social economic problem that needs to be addressed.
Poverty in many dimensions have always been the mainstream to all economic problems many countries
are facing. It has become an illness in the society. A household is considered poor if its welfare level does
not reach a given threshold. Poverty is when an individual experiences inadequacy in the acquisition of
basic needs especially food, water, education, and health. But these needs are not commodities that can
be purchased. Income can also come in the form of workers’ compensations, social security, pensions,
interest or dividends, royalties, trust, alimony, or other governmental, public or family financial assistance
(Okioga,2013). Aside from the lack of economic resources to satisfy basic needs, people are also poor
because they live in a social, economic and political system which does not provide equality of
opportunities. Poverty, if not addressed immediately may drag the whole economy down causing
distortions in the process of economic growth. The government and policy makers initiate several
programs to solve poverty and provide welfare to its constituents. Conditional cash transfer program is
one of the government initiatives to address poverty. Conditional cash transfer programs are increasingly
perceived as an effective tool for poverty alleviation (Son, 2008). The Philippines, due to the growing
concern on worsening poverty incidence, introduced a conditional cash transfer known as the Pantawid
Pamilya Pilipino Program or 4Ps. The program has been hailed to help fulfil the country’s commitment to
(I) eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, (II) achieve universal primary education, (III) promote gender
equality, (IV) reduce child mortality, (V) improve maternal health (Arulpragasam et aI.,2011).

As cited by Colinares Brendo P. This study assessed the implementation of the Pantawid Pamilyang
Pilipino Program (4Ps) on academic achievement among learner-beneficiaries. This research utilized a
descriptive correlational method conducted at Agsuwao Elementary School with the learner-beneficiaries
as respondents. The researcher used adapted questionnaires to gather the data. The researcher treated
the collected data using the percentage formula, Weighted Mean, and Chi-Square Test of Independence.
Results revealed that most teacher-respondents were in the age range of 37-43, females, had attained
master’s units and bachelor’s degrees, had 16-20 years of teaching, and had attended a GAD-based
training. Also, most learner-respondents were eight years old, females, grade 3 level, had normal
nutritional status, had Php 1,400- Php 1400 monthly incomes, and had a Very Satisfactory Academic
Average Grade. Also, the implementation of the 4Ps reached a very high level. Meanwhile, the perceived
effects of the 4Ps learner beneficiaries were high. Moreover, the learner beneficiaries perceived the
factors affecting their academic performance with a 3.74 mean rating, interpreting them at the Observed
level. Additionally, the implementation of the 4Ps yielded a significant impact on the academic
achievement of learner beneficiaries. Lastly, the study discovered that perceived factors such as home
environment, learning skills, study habits, and intellectual interaction did not correlate with academic
performance. The findings indicate that academic performance was not dependent on these perceived
factors. Hence, the researcher concluded that 4Ps significantly improved the learners’ academic
performances. Thus, the researcher generated an intervention plan to enhance the academic
performance of learner beneficiaries further.

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As cited by Gelyn Puracan (2024) Intensified by flawed program designs and implementation, the Welfare
Card System (WCS) in Thailand and the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in the Philippines have
long lapsed in alleviating poverty in both countries. We attempt to elucidate these initiatives’
operationalization by comparatively analyzing the two. Nevertheless, we contend that despite flawed and
vulnerable operations, they aid impoverished households. This paper aims to examine the WCS as part of
the poverty-reduction initiatives in Thailand and the 4Ps in the Philippines, asssess its challenges in the
implementation, and comparatively analyze these initiatives’ efficiency. This paper uses new public
administration theory to further understand the delivery and operationalization of the poverty alleviation
initiatives in both Thailand and the Philippines by closely looking into the implementation of the
programs. The findings show that these initiatives have short-term positive effects on poor households as
they provide subsidies for basic needs, financial and educational support, and transportation services;
however, these so-called poverty alleviation initiatives did not genuinely aid Thailand and the Philippines
in diminishing the entirety of poverty.

According to Celia M. Reyes The year 2013 marks the fifth year of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program (4Ps) implementation in the country since its inception in 2008. The first batch of beneficiaries
will be graduating from the program in several months time. Meanwhile, the government continues to
expand the implementation, devising along the way, several variants that it deems necessary to address
the many facets of poverty. The 4Ps is by far the largest poverty reduction and social development
program the Philippine government has ever conceived. Approximately 120 billion pesos have already
been allocated to the program up to 2013.The program’s dual objectives are social assistance to poor
families to alleviate their immediate needs and aims to “break the intergenerational poverty cycle
through investments in human capital.” As program graduation nears, many questions arise of what to
expect of this program. It is rather fitting at this point to draw together assessments that have been
conducted so far and to look into some important issues in terms of design and implementation. The
paper seeks to answer whether expanding the program would likely yield better results or not. It
discusses the outstanding issues most especially those on the aspects that have a bearing on the
program’s ability to facilitate inclusive growth.

As cited by Merlynda Munar this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of financial literacy education
among the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) household grantees in Baguio City in the
Philippines. The focus was on enhancing financial knowledge and skills, particularly in financial planning,
budgeting, and savings. Using a descriptive quantitative methodology, a quantitative methodology, a
questionnaire was administered to 297 respondents selected through stratified random sampling. The
study assessed the financial literacy improvement relative to demographic factors such as gender and
educational attainment. Results indicated that financial literacy sessions had a significant positive impact,
with respondents demonstrating a” great extent” of improvement in financial planning, budgeting, and
savings. Statistical analysis revealed no significant defferences, with higher education levels correlating
with better financial literacy. The findings suggest that while financial literacy programs are broadly
effective, tailoring these sessions to accommodate varying educational backgrounds could enhance
outcomes further. Future recommendations include developing targeted financial education strategies to
address the needs of those with lower educational attainment and expanding the program to reach a
larger demographic. This approach could foster greater financial stability and empowerment among low-
income families, ultimately contributing to poverty reduction efforts.

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Foreign Literature

4Ps (Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program financial support program)

According to Marie Antoinette L. Rosete International Journal of Research in Engineering,

Science and Management (2022) This study measured and evaluated the effectiveness of the Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program of select beneficiaries in Quezon City using primary data. Several studies have
already been done in different areas of the said program was not effective, but other studies say
otherwise. Such data-driven studies have proven that it was beneficial to the recipients. This research
exhibits that to some extent, the cash assistance program made by the government is creating a general
and basic improvement in the lives of the beneficiaries. Based on the findings, it is recommended that
policies regarding proper money allocation be implemented to the beneficiaries to ensure that the
program continues to have a positive outcome. A significant difference between majority of the
beneficiaries’ life condition indicates that the Social Assistance Expansion(4Ps) made a positive change to
the beneficiaries’ lives.

According to Winnie Villanueva American Journal of Society and Law (2023) Poverty is the
Philippine government’s response to the Millennium Development Goals of alleviating poverty worldwide
is to provide cash assistance to Filipino households living below the poverty line. This financial assistance
is an avenue for immediately responding to people’s needs, particularly in health and education; it is
known as the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program or 4Ps in the Philippines by investing in health and
education, particularly for children aged 0 to 18. This research aims to assess the level of satisfaction of
4Ps beneficiaries with the cash grant they received from the government to cover their daily and other
expenses. This research used the quantitative research design and the study was conducted in Nueva Ecija
which covers 27 municipalities through an online survey. The researcher uses convenience sampling to
identify the sample populating of Rao Soft calculator. The data collected from the locale were encoded,
tallied, and analyzed. Statistical tools such as Percentage, Frequency Distribution, Weighted Mean, and
Pearson R were used in analyzing the data gathered. According to the findings, beneficiaries are very
satisfied withj using their cash grants for educational purposes. It also shows that aside from education,
food is the expense that the cash grants that were being misappropriated. Lastly, it is highly
recommended that the beneficiaries be engaged in other worth while activities to be given by the local
government unit for them to grow their money, so there would be no misappropriation in using the cash
grants.

As cited by Brian O. Dela Torre (2016) This study endeavoured to find out the strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), the Conditional
Cash Transfer (CCT) program of the Government of the viewpoint of its beneficiaries and to recognize the
changes it brought forth to education. Respondents, selected through a researcher- made questionnaire
of their perception and suggestions for the 4Ps, and the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats
of 4Ps. The study revealed that 4Ps contributed greatly to the school’s performance indicators. This study
also raised the awareness of the school personnel and the recipients of the school personnel and the
recipients of the program’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Furthermore, the study
concludes that 4Ps certainly helped its recipients and the school with 4Ps enroles. It is therefore
recommended that the program be continued but improved to ensure the attainment of its objectives.
The study revealed that majority of the respondent-household beneficiaries, conditionalities of the
program, and forfeiture of grants,are fully implemented. As to the impact, respondent-household
beneficiaries strongly agree that the program has an impact on their health, educational, and overall
economic conditions. Further, they strongly agree that the conditionalities are reasonably implemented.

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 As cited by Marie Antoinette L. Rosete International Journal of Research in
Engineering, Science and Management (2022) This study measured and evaluated the effectiveness of the
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program of select beneficiaries in Quezon City using primary data. Several
studies have already been done in different areas of the country that state the said program was not
effective, but other studies say otherwise. Such data-driven studies have proven that it was beneficial to
the recipients. This research exhibits that to some extent, the cash assistance program made by the
government is creating a general and basic improvement in the lives of the beneficiaries. Based on the
findings, it is recommended that policies regarding proper money allocation be implemented to the
beneficiaries to ensure that the program continues to have a positive outcome. A significant difference
between majority of the beneficiaries’ life condition indicates that the Social Assistance Expansion (4Ps)
made a positive change to the beneficiaries lives.

According to Monica M. Montilla, Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts, and Sciences,
(2015) Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a version of cash transfer program here in the
Philippines under the Department of Social Welfare and Development, its aim is to eradicate extreme
poverty in the Philippines by investing in health and education particularly to children from 0-18 years old.
The research focused on the education of pupils with the 4Ps assistance. To verify the use, help and
satisfactory level of this program to the pupils fron poor families in the said school, the researchers used
the quantitative and qualititative method. With the use of a rating scale, questionnaires and interview
guide, it was revealed that pupils very satisfactorily benefit from the assistance given by the 4Ps in terms
of Health and excellent in terms of Nutrition and Education. Thus, 4Ps has significant impact on pupils’
education based on its beneficiary conditionalities, is able and motivated to attend classes because of
adequate school supplies, satisfied meals, parasitic free stomach and supportive and active parents.

Local Literature

4Ps (Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program financial support program)

According to Cyril D. Ramos (2024) The 4Ps aim to strengthen the social protection
system and reduce poverty in Philippines. Thus, this determined the 4Ps compliance in health and
nutrition and education in a component city in Southern Negros Occidental, Philippines as assessed by the
implementers and exit beneficiaries relative to designation and beneficiary location. It also profiled the
livelihood support among beneficiaries in terms of medium enterprise development and employment
facilitation. Likewise, it identified the challenges in the 4Ps implementation. Also, it investigated the
difference in the compliance when grouped to demographics. Using the descriptive comparative design,
151 implemeters and 270 beneficiaries responded to the researcher-made questionnaire and checklist. In
analysis, mean, standard deviation, and Kruskal Wallis were employed. Meanwhile, the researcher
adhered to the Philippine Health Research Ethics Board. Generally, the compliance is very great.
Regarding the livelihood support, few beneficiaries received the seed capital of Php 15, 000.00 and
employment facilitation fund of Php 5, 000.00. The lack of vehicle, supplies, venue, and inaccessible roads
were among the logistics and personnel issues. In knowledge and communication, challenges are on
illiteracy, language barrier, lack of training on family and child-related issues. The inability to use ATM
cards and pawning were issues too. Meanwhile, there was no difference in the compliance when grouped
to demographics. Hence, the findings are instrumental in the continuous improvement of the program’s
compliance

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 According to Luisa Fernandez, (2011) The Pantawid Pamilya is a conditional cash transfer
(CCT) program which provides cash to beneficiary households, subject to compliance with program
conditionalities. The Pantawid Pamilya is targeted at chronic poor households with children aged 0-14
years who are located in poor areas. The cash grants range from Php500 (US $11) to Php1, 400 (US $32)
per household per month, depending on the number of eligible children. To qualify for the grants,
beneficiary household must undertake certain activities that are meant to improve the children’s health
and education such as visiting health centers regularly, sending the children to school, and undertaking
preventive check-ups for pregnant women. Like most CCT programs, the Pantawid Pamilya aims to
alleviate current poverty by supplementing the income of the poor to address their immediate
consumption needs, while the conditionalities can help improve human capital and thus break the
intergenerational cycle of poverty.

As cited by Jerick Jornadal (2023) Livelihood programs are designed to provide knowledge and
skills in opt to improve the lives of people in underdeveloped communities. Assessment of the
implementation of such programs or projects and its improvements. Consonant to that, this study
examines the effect of livelihood programs and projects availed to the socio-economic status of the
Pantawid Pamilya, Beneficiaries in the Province of Marinduque. A descriptive survey research design was
employed in this study. A self-construct survey questionnaire was distributed to 387 beneficiary
respondents and used to extract needed information. Frequency distribution and T-test for Dependent
mean were used to statistically analyze the data. Results show that technical and vocational short-term
courses were primarily delivered to livelihood programs by partnered agencies and the Department of
Social Welfare and Development (DSWD). The majority of these projects amount to five thousand to ten
thousand in value and are monitored in monthly visits and evaluations. Results further showed that the
delivered programs had improved the capability of recipients in their miscellaneous goods and services,
personal effects, insurance, allowances, and in educational expenses of family members studying. Results
also revealed that it significantly increased the number of assets among household beneficiaries.
However, the study found that optimization in the implementation of projects is still needed by
implementation and monitoring projects, creating market channels to cater to goods/ products and
services, formulate rewards and recognitions program for effective, formulate short business courses and
financial literacy, skill base program, and prioritize 4Ps beneficiaries as subject to their extension
programs.

According to Mitzi Martorillas The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, often called 4Ps,
aims to address immediate financial needs and break the cycle of poverty by investing in education and
health. This study sought to uncover the transformative powers of the 4Ps among its beneficiaries. The
study participants were parent beneficiaries of the 4Ps whose children are studying at a school in the
district of Quezon I, division of Bukidnon. They were willing to participate in the study. The study revealed
three themes for the lived experiences: financial support for educational purposes, affording the family’s
basic needs, and financial relief

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Research Instrument
This is the part where you discuss your questionnaire; how you came up

with it, the scales that you will use and the range and interpretation for each

scale. Discuss your questionnaire by parts.

Research Procedure

The steps you will follow in order to answer the research problem. Example:

asking for permissions, instrument validation, consultations with individuals expert in

your field of study, collection of data, treatment, interpretation.

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 23

CHAPTER 4

RESULTS, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Introductory Statement based on your title/ research problem.

Table Number. Table Title

For the interpretation: Follow this format: Paragraph 1. Describe. Discuss

the output or the figures in your table. Focus on the extremes or outliers, the

minimum or maximum or on the values where the data accumulated.

Paragraph 2. Analyze. Must answer the question why from paragraph 1.

Why you came up with the figures.

Paragraph 3. Support. Cite literatures and studies to support your

findings; if there’s none, contradict.

Table Number. Table Title

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 24

For the interpretation: Follow this format: Paragraph 1. Describe. Discuss

the output or the figures in your table. Focus on the extremes or outliers, the

minimum or maximum or on the values where the data accumulated.

Paragraph 2. Analyze. Must answer the question why from paragraph 1.

Why you came up with the figures.

Paragraph 3. Support. Cite literatures and studies to support your

findings; if there’s none, contradict.

Table Number. Table Title

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 25

For the interpretation: Follow this format: Paragraph 1. Describe. Discuss

the output or the figures in your table. Focus on the extremes or outliers, the

minimum or maximum or on the values where the data accumulated.

Paragraph 2. Analyze. Must answer the question why from paragraph 1.

Why you came up with the figures.

Paragraph 3. Support. Cite literatures and studies to support your

findings; if there’s none, contradict.

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 29

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter discussed the summary of findings from the previous

chapter. It also presented the conclusions out of the findings and gives

necessary suggestions or recommendations for future studies related to this

research work.

Summary of Findings

The following are findings drawn out of the study:

1. Should answer Research Question 1.

2. Should answer Research Question 2.

3. Should answer Research Question 3.

4. Should answer Research Question 4.

5. Should answer Research Question 5.

6. Should answer Research Question 6.

Conclusion

From the summary of findings, the following conclusions are deduced:

1. Your analysis on the answer from Research question 4.

2. Your analysis on the answer from Research question 5.

3. Your analysis on the answer from Research question 6.

Recommendations (give at least 3)

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 30

From the foregoing conclusions, the following recommendations are

offered:

1. Recommendation 1.

2. Recommendation 2.

3. Recommendation 3

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Bibliography

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 31

Bibliography
(APA Format arranged in alphabetical order)

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APPENDICES

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 34

Appendix A
Letter 1
Note: write (SGD) before the Names of the signatories to denote that the
documents have been signed.

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 35

Appendix B
Letter 2
l

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 RESEARCH

QUESTIONNAIRE

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 40

(ATTACH A COPY OF YOUR

QUESTIONAIRRE HERE)

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STATISTICAL COMPUTATION

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 43

(ATTACH ALL TABLES FROM

STATISTICAL SOFTWARE GIVEN BY
YOUR STATISTICIAN)

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IN-ACTION PHOTOS

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 46

(ATTACH ALL PHOTOS TAKEN DURING THE CONDUCT OF YOUR

RESEARCH (e.g. while collecting data)

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CURRICULUM VITAE

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 50

(attach the CV of all group members. All CV must follow the same format)

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