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Exp 4 Theo

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20 views2 pages

Exp 4 Theo

Uploaded by

nanhahajshqana111
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment No: M4

Experiment Name: Hooke's Law


Objective:
1. Determining the change of length ΔL of two helical springs with different turn diameters as
a function of the gravitational force F exerted by the suspended weights.
2. Confirming Hooke’s law and determining the spring constants k of the two helical springs.
Keywords: Hooke's law, spring constant, oscillation, period.

Theoretical Information:
Holding a spring in either its compressed or stretched position requires that someone or something
exerts a force on the spring. This force is directly proportional to the displacement, Δx, of the spring.
In turn, the spring will exert an equal and opposite force

𝐹 = −𝑘Δ𝑥 10.1

where k is called the “spring constant.” This is often referred to as a “restoring force” because the
spring exerts a force in the direction opposite to the displacement, indicated by the negative sign. The
Eq. 10.1 is known as Hooke’s law.
Simple harmonic motion will occur whenever there is a restoring force that is proportional to the
displacement from equilibrium, as is in Hooke’s law. From Newton’s second law, F = ma, and
recognizing that the acceleration a is the second derivative of displacement with respect to time. The
classical equation of motion for a one-dimensional simple harmonic oscillator with a particle of mass
m attached to a spring having spring constant k is the Eq. 10.1 can be rewritten as;

𝑑 𝑥
𝐹 = −𝑘𝑥 ⇒ 𝑚 = −𝑘𝑥 10.2
𝑑 𝑡

which can be written in the standard wave equation form:

𝑑 𝑥
𝑚 + 𝑘𝑥 = 0 10.3
𝑑 𝑡

The Eq. 10.3 is a linear second-order differential equation that can be solved by the standard
method of factoring and integrating. The resulting solution to Eq. 10.3 is
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑥 sin(ω𝑡 + ϕ) 10.4

where x0 is the amplitude of oscillation and

𝑘
ω= 10.5
𝑚
The equations in the form of Eq. 10.4 describe what is called simple harmonic motion. The period
T, the frequency f, and the constant ω are related by:

ω = 2π𝑓 = 2π/𝑇 10.6

Thus, the period of oscillation T is given by


𝑚
𝑇 = 2π 10.7
𝑘

Note that T does not depend upon the amplitude x0 of oscillation. Therefore, if a mass is hung from a
spring suspended from the vertical, the resulting period of oscillation T would be proportional to the
spring constant k and square root of the attached mass m.

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