Classes and Objects

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 Overview
• Sub divided into two sections:
– Classes and Objects I: classes and objects

– Classes and Objects II: creating classes and

objects in Java

Tuesday,
September
5, 2017
OOP I | 2
 Overview
• Classes and Objects I: classes and objects

• Classes and Objects II: creating classes and

objects in Java

Tuesday,
September
5, 2017
OOP I | 3
Classes and Objects I

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 Objectives
• Describe classes, objects, class attributes and methods.

• Declare methods in classes to implement its behaviors.

• Declare instance variables to implement its attributes.

• Differentiate between instance variables of a class and local

variables of a method.

• Model a class using UML

• Differentiate between Access Modifiers (Public, Protected

and Private).

Tuesday,
September
5, 2017
OOP I | 5
 Class Demo
• Video
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vS
znJAwSd78

Tuesday,
September
5, 2017
OOP I | 6
Classes, Objects, Instance Variables,
and Methods

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 Class
• A class is a template for creating multiple objects
with similar features. Classes provide all the
features of a particular set of objects.

• Classes are composed of 2 main items:

– Instance variables

– methods

• A class library (.jar) is a set of classes.

Tuesday,
September
5, 2017
OOP I | 8
 Object
• An object is an instance of a class.

• Once you define a class, you use the class to

create an object.

• Classes can be reused to create different kinds

of objects as needed by the program. The
program uses the objects and discards them
when it finishes executing.
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September
5, 2017
OOP I | 9
 Instance Variables
• Instance variables are variables defined inside a
class. Instance variables describe the attributes of
an object.

• The class defines the kind of attribute, and each

object stores its own value for that attribute.

• Attributes are the individual values/qualites that

differentiate one object from another.

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September
5, 2017
OOP I | 10
 Methods
• Methods are functions defined inside classes.

• A class defines a method (or provides the

lines of code for a method), and an object
calls (or executes) the lines of code.

• Behavior can be described as the tasks that

an object can execute.

Tuesday,
September
5, 2017
OOP I | 11
 Class Exercise (5 Minutes)
• Indicate True/False
1. A class is composed of attributes and
methods and objects
2. Variables can exist outside a class
3. Variables can exist outside a method
4. One class can be used to create 10
objects
5. One object can be created from 10
classes

Tuesday,
September
5, 2017
OOP I | 12
Unified Modelling Language

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 UML Notation
• Usually, programmers model classes using Unified Modelling
Language (UML) so as to enhance communication.

Tuesday,
September
5, 2017
OOP I | 14
 Class Demo
• Design UML of a class called Motorcycle with the
following characteristics:

Class Motorcycle
Attributes: make, color, engineState

Behaviors: showAttributes(), startEngine(),

stopEngine()

Events: onStartEngine(), onStopEngine()

Tuesday,
September
5, 2017
OOP I | 15
 UML Class Diagrams

Tuesday,
September
5, 2017
OOP I | 16
 Class Work (15 Minutes)
• Design UML of a class called Account with the following
characteristics:
Class Account
Attributes: accountNumber, balance

Behaviors: showAttributes(), getBalance(),

setBalance()

Events:

Tuesday,
September
5, 2017
OOP I | 17
 Class Exercise
Write a Java code that will declare the class
illustrated below.

Tuesday,
September
5, 2017
OOP I | 18
Access Modifiers

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 Access Modifiers
• private, public and protected are called access
modifiers. Declaring instance variables or methods
with access modifiers private is know as Data
Hiding. They are only accessible within the same
class.

• Variables and methods declared with public access

modifier are accessible in methods outside that
class in which they are declared.
Tuesday,
September
5, 2017
OOP I | 20
 Class Exercise (5 Minutes)
• When is it ideal to declare an attribute as
public?
• When is it ideal to declare a method as
private?
• Can set and get methods be private?
• When creating classes, are the classes
declared as private or public?

Tuesday,
September
5, 2017
OOP I | 21
Object Creation

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 Object Creation
• Typically, you cannot initialize an attribute or
call (or execute) a method that belongs to
class until you create an object of that class.

• Just like variables, objects also have to be

initialized before being used.
int a = 10;
Motorcycle cycle = new Motorcycle();

Tuesday,
September
5, 2017
OOP I | 23
 Attribute & Method Calls
• The object contains all the attributes and methods of
the class. However, Only public members of the class
can be accessed from an object

• The dot separator (.) is used immediately after the

object name, in order to access an attribute or make a
method call

• The arguments passed in the object method must match

the type and count of the parameters declared in the
class method.
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September
5, 2017
OOP I | 24
 Class Demo

Motorcycle cycle = new Motorcycle();

cycle.wheels = 2;
cycle.startEngine();

Tuesday,
September
5, 2017
OOP I | 25
 Program Execution
• When you write a Java program, you design and
construct a set of classes.

• Then, when your program runs, objects (or

instances) of those classes are created and
discarded as needed.

• Your main task, as a Java programmer, is to create

the right set of classes to accomplish what your
program needs to accomplish.
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September
5, 2017
OOP I | 26
 Class Work (15 Minutes)
• Create at least 2 objects of the class
Account.
– Initialize all the attributes of the objects
– Call at least one method for each object

Tuesday,
September
5, 2017
OOP I | 27
 Assignment
• Explain the difference between a local variable
and an instance variable

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September
5, 2017
OOP I | 28
 References

• P.J. Deitel and H.M. Deitel (2007), Java

How to Program. 7th Edition. Pearson
Education Inc.

• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/uml

Tuesday,
September
5, 2017
OOP I | 29
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