C PRACTICAL WORK

ANSWER 1:
#include<stdio.h>

int main(){

float celsius,fahrenheit;

printf("enter temperature in celsius:");

scanf("%f",&celsius);

fahrenheit=(celsius*9/5)+32;

printf("%f celsius=%f fahrenheit\n",celsius,fahrenheit);

return 0;

ANSWER 2:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {

double n1, n2, n3;

 printf("Enter three numbers: ");
scanf("%lf %lf %lf", &n1, &n2, &n3);

if (n1 >= n2 && n1 >= n3)

printf("%.2lf is the largest number.", n1);

else if (n2 >= n1 && n2 >= n3)

printf("%.2lf is the largest number.", n2);

else
printf("%.2lf is the largest number.", n3);

return 0;
}

ANSWER 3:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int num, i;
 printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &num);

if (num <= 1) {
printf("%d is not a prime number.\n", num);
return 0;
}

for (i = 2; i < num; i++) {

if (num % i == 0) {
printf("%d is not a prime number.\n", num);
return 0;

}
}
printf("%d is a prime number.\n", num);
return 0;
}

ANSWER 3:
#include<stdio.h>
int main () {
int i,j,c,n;
 c = 1;
printf("enter number of terms : ");
scanf("%d", &n);

for(i=1; i<=n; i++) {

for(j=1;j<=i;j++) {
printf("%d ",c);
c++;

}
printf("\n");
}
}

ANSWER 4:
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int marks[50];
int i;
 float sum = 0;

// Input marks of 50 students

printf("Enter marks of 50 students:\n");

for (i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
printf("Student %d: ", i + 1);
scanf("%d", &marks[i]);

// Calculate the sum of marks

for (i = 0; i < 50; i++) {

sum += marks[i];
}

// Calculate the average marks

float average = sum / 50;

// Display the average marks

printf("Average marks of the class: %.2f\n", average);

return 0;
}

OUTPUT:
ANSWER 5:
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int n, i, j, key, found = 0;

// Get the size of the array from the user

printf("Enter the size of the array: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

// Declare the array

int arr[n];

// Get the array elements from the user

printf("Enter the elements of the array:\n");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);

// Get the key to be searched from the user

printf("Enter the number to be searched: ");
scanf("%d", &key);

// Sort the array in ascending order

for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {

if (arr[i] > arr[j]) {

int temp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[j];
 arr[j] = temp;
}
}

// Search for the key in the array

for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {

if (arr[i] == key) {
found = 1;
break;
}

// Display the array in ascending order

printf("The array in ascending order is:\n");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {

printf("%d ", arr[i]);

}

// Display whether the key was found or not

if (found) {
printf("\nThe number %d is found at index %d.\n", key, i);
} else {
printf("\nThe number %d is not found in the array.\n", key);

return 0;
}
ANSWER 6:
) #include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int isPalindrome(char str[]) {

int len = strlen(str);
for (int i = 0; i < len / 2; i++) {
if (str[i] != str[len - i - 1]) {

return 0; // Not a palindrome

}
}
return 1; // Palindrome
}

int main() {

char str[100];
printf("Enter a string: ");
scanf("%s", str);

if (isPalindrome(str)) {
printf("%s is a palindrome\n", str);
} else {
printf("%s is not a palindrome\n", str);

return 0;
}

ANSWER 7:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int num1, num2;
int *ptr1, *ptr2;

printf("Enter two numbers: ");

scanf("%d %d", &num1, &num2);

ptr1 = &num1;
ptr2 = &num2;

printf("Sum: %d\n", *ptr1 + *ptr2);

printf("Difference: %d\n", *ptr1 - *ptr2);

printf("Product: %d\n", *ptr1 * *ptr2);
printf("Quotient: %d\n", *ptr1 / *ptr2);

return 0;

}
ANSWER 8:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define NUM_EMPLOYEES 10

// Define structure for Employee

struct Employee {
int id;

char name[50];
int age;
char address[100];
char department[50];

float salary;
};

// Function to input employee data

void inputEmployeeData(struct Employee *emp) {

printf("Enter Employee ID: ");
scanf("%d", &emp->id);
printf("Enter Employee Name: ");
scanf(" %[^\n]", emp->name);

printf("Enter Age: ");

scanf("%d", &emp->age);
printf("Enter Address: ");
scanf(" %[^\n]", emp->address);

printf("Enter Department: ");

scanf(" %[^\n]", emp->department);
printf("Enter Salary: ");
 scanf("%f", &emp->salary);
}

// Function to display employee data

void displayEmployeeData(struct Employee emp) {
printf("\nEmployee ID: %d\n", emp.id);
printf("Employee Name: %s\n", emp.name);

printf("Age: %d\n", emp.age);

printf("Address: %s\n", emp.address);
printf("Department: %s\n", emp.department);
printf("Salary: %.2f\n", emp.salary);

int main() {
struct Employee employees[NUM_EMPLOYEES];
int i, searchId, found = 0;

printf("Enter details for %d employees:\n", NUM_EMPLOYEES);

for (i = 0; i < NUM_EMPLOYEES; i++) {
printf("\nEmployee %d:\n", i + 1);

inputEmployeeData(&employees[i]);
}

printf("\nEnter Employee ID to search: ");

scanf("%d", &searchId);

for (i = 0; i < NUM_EMPLOYEES; i++) {

if (employees[i].id == searchId) {

displayEmployeeData(employees[i]);
 found = 1;
break;
}

if (!found) {
printf("Employee with ID %d not found.\n", searchId);

return 0;
}

OUTPUT:
ANSWER 9:
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

FILE *evenFile, *oddFile;

int num, i;

// Open files for writing

evenFile = fopen("EvenFile.txt", "w");

oddFile = fopen("OddFile.txt", "w");

if (evenFile == NULL || oddFile == NULL) {

printf("Error opening files.\n");

return 1;
}

printf("Enter 20 numbers:\n");

for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {

scanf("%d", &num);

// Check if number is even or odd

if (num % 2 == 0) {

fprintf(evenFile, "%d\n", num);

} else {
fprintf(oddFile, "%d\n", num);
}

// Close files
 fclose(evenFile);
fclose(oddFile);

printf("Even numbers saved to EvenFile.txt\n");

printf("Odd numbers saved to OddFile.txt\n");

return 0;

OUTPUT:
ANSWER 10:
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
char operator;
double num1, num2;

printf("Enter an operator (+, -, *, /, a, p): ");

scanf(" %c", &operator);

printf("Enter two numbers: ");

scanf("%lf %lf", &num1, &num2);

switch (operator) {
case '+':

printf("%.1lf + %.1lf = %.1lf\n", num1, num2, num1 + num2);

break;
 case '-':
printf("%.1lf - %.1lf = %.1lf\n", num1, num2, num1 - num2);
break;

case '*':
printf("%.1lf * %.1lf = %.1lf\n", num1, num2, num1 * num2);
break;
case '/':

if (num2 == 0) {
printf("Error: Division by zero!\n");
} else {
printf("%.1lf / %.1lf = %.1lf\n", num1, num2, num1 / num2);

}
break;
case 'a':
printf("Average of %.1lf and %.1lf is %.1lf\n", num1, num2, (num1 + num2) / 2);
break;

case 'p':
printf("%.1lf%% of %.1lf is %.1lf\n", num1, num2, (num1 / 100) * num2);
break;
default:

printf("Error: Invalid operator!\n");

}

return 0;

}
ANSWER 11:
(i) #include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main() {
int n, i, num, originalNum, remainder, result = 0, count = 0;

printf("Enter the upper limit: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Armstrong numbers between 1 and %d are: \n", n);

for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {

num = i;
originalNum = i;
count = 0;
 while (num != 0) {
count++;
num /= 10;

num = i;
result = 0;

while (num != 0) {
remainder = num % 10;
result += pow(remainder, count);

num /= 10;
}

if (result == originalNum) {
printf("%d ", originalNum);

}
}

printf("\n");

return 0;
}
(ii) #include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int n, i, j, isPrime;

printf("Enter the upper limit: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Prime numbers between 1 and %d are: \n", n);

for (i = 2; i <= n; i++) {

isPrime = 1;

for (j = 2; j <= i / 2; j++) {

if (i % j == 0) {
isPrime = 0;
break;

}
}

if (isPrime) {
printf("%d ", i);

}
}

printf("\n");

return 0;
}
(iii) #include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int n, reverse = 0, remainder, original;

printf("Enter an integer: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

original = n;

while (n != 0) {

remainder = n % 10;
reverse = reverse * 10 + remainder;
n /= 10;
}

if (original % 10 == 0) {
printf("Reversed number = %d", reverse);
 while (original % 10 == 0) {
printf("0");

original /= 10;
}
} else {
printf("Reversed number = %d", reverse);

return 0;
}

ANSWER 13:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main() {
int decimalNum, i, remainder, binaryNum[100], j;

printf("Enter a hexadecimal number: ");

scanf("%x", &decimalNum);
 // Convert hexadecimal to binary
j = 0;

while (decimalNum > 0) {

remainder = decimalNum % 2;
binaryNum[j] = remainder;
decimalNum /= 2;

j++;
}

// Print binary number

printf("Binary equivalent: ");

for (i = j - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
printf("%d", binaryNum[i]);
}
printf("\n");

return 0;
}
ANSWER 14:
#include <stdio.h>

// Function to calculate the factorial of a number using recursion

int factorial(int n) {
if (n == 0) {
return 1;
} else {
return n * factorial(n - 1);

}
}

// Function to generate the Fibonacci series using recursion

void fibonacci(int n) {
int a = 0, b = 1, c;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("%d ", a);

c = a + b;
a = b;
b = c;
}
printf("\n");

int main() {
int num, n;

printf("Enter a number: ");

scanf("%d", &num);
 printf("Factorial of %d is %d\n", num, factorial(num));

printf("Enter the number of terms for the Fibonacci series: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Fibonacci series up to %d terms:\n", n);

fibonacci(n);

return 0;
}

ANSWER 15:
(i) #include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int r, c, a[100][100], b[100][100], sum[100][100], i, j;
printf("Enter the number of rows (between 1 and 100): ");
scanf("%d", &r);

printf("Enter the number of columns (between 1 and 100): ");

scanf("%d", &c);
printf("\nEnter elements of 1st matrix:\n");
for (i = 0; i < r; ++i)

for (j = 0; j < c; ++j) {

printf("Enter element a%d%d: ", i + 1, j + 1);
scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
}

printf("Enter elements of 2nd matrix:\n");

for (i = 0; i < r; ++i)
for (j = 0; j < c; ++j) {

printf("Enter element b%d%d: ", i + 1, j + 1);

scanf("%d", &b[i][j]);
}

// adding two matrices

for (i = 0; i < r; ++i)

for (j = 0; j < c; ++j) {
sum[i][j] = a[i][j] + b[i][j];
}

// printing the result

printf("\nSum of two matrices: \n");
for (i = 0; i < r; ++i)

for (j = 0; j < c; ++j) {

printf("%d ", sum[i][j]);
if (j == c - 1) {
printf("\n\n");

}
 }

return 0;

OUTPUT:

(ii) #include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int m, n, p, q, i, j, k;

// Input dimensions for Matrix A

printf("Enter rows and columns for Matrix A: ");

scanf("%d %d", &m, &n);

// Input dimensions for Matrix B

printf("Enter rows and columns for Matrix B: ");

scanf("%d %d", &p, &q);

// Check if matrix multiplication is possible

if (n != p) {

printf("Matrix multiplication not possible. Columns of A must equal rows of B.\n");

return 1;

int A[m][n], B[p][q], C[m][q];

// Input elements for Matrix A

printf("Enter elements of Matrix A:\n");

for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {

for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {

printf("A[%d][%d]: ", i, j);

scanf("%d", &A[i][j]);

// Input elements for Matrix B

printf("Enter elements of Matrix B:\n");

for (i = 0; i < p; i++) {

for (j = 0; j < q; j++) {

printf("B[%d][%d]: ", i, j);

scanf("%d", &B[i][j]);

// Initialize result matrix C to zero

for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {

for (j = 0; j < q; j++) {

C[i][j] = 0;
 }

// Perform matrix multiplication

for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {

for (j = 0; j < q; j++) {

for (k = 0; k < n; k++) {

C[i][j] += A[i][k] * B[k][j];

// Display the result matrix C

printf("Resultant Matrix C (Product of A and B):\n");

for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {

for (j = 0; j < q; j++) {

printf("%d ", C[i][j]);

printf("\n");

} OUTPUT:

return 0;

}
(iii) #include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a[10][10], transpose[10][10], r, c;
printf("Enter rows and columns: ");

scanf("%d %d", &r, &c);

// asssigning elements to the matrix

printf("\nEnter matrix elements:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < r; ++i)

for (int j = 0; j < c; ++j) {

printf("Enter element a%d%d: ", i + 1, j + 1);
scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
}

// printing the matrix a[][]

printf("\nEntered matrix: \n");
for (int i = 0; i < r; ++i)

for (int j = 0; j < c; ++j) {

printf("%d ", a[i][j]);
if (j == c - 1)
printf("\n");
}

// computing the transpose

for (int i = 0; i < r; ++i)
for (int j = 0; j < c; ++j) {

transpose[j][i] = a[i][j];
}
 // printing the transpose
printf("\nTranspose of the matrix:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < c; ++i)

for (int j = 0; j < r; ++j) {

printf("%d ", transpose[i][j]);
if (j == r - 1)
printf("\n");

}
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:
ANSWER 16:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

// Structure for a student

struct Student {
char name[50];
int roll_no;
float marks;

};

// Structure for a class

struct Class {

struct Student students[100]; // Array of students as a structure data member

int num_students;
};

int main() {
// Create an array of structure variables
struct Student students[3];

// Input student details for the array of structure variables

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

printf("Enter details for student %d:\n", i + 1);
printf("Name: ");
scanf("%s", students[i].name);

printf("Roll No: ");

scanf("%d", &students[i].roll_no);
printf("Marks: ");
 scanf("%f", &students[i].marks);
}

// Create a class structure

struct Class class1;

// Initialize the class structure

class1.num_students = 3;

// Input student details for the array inside the class structure
for (int i = 0; i < class1.num_students; i++) {

printf("Enter details for student %d in class:\n", i + 1);

printf("Name: ");
scanf("%s", class1.students[i].name);
printf("Roll No: ");
scanf("%d", &class1.students[i].roll_no);

printf("Marks: ");
scanf("%f", &class1.students[i].marks);
}

// Print details of students from the array of structure variables

printf("\nStudent details from array of structures:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
printf("Student %d:\n", i + 1);

printf("Name: %s\n", students[i].name);

printf("Roll No: %d\n", students[i].roll_no);
printf("Marks: %.2f\n", students[i].marks);
}
 // Print details of students from the class structure
printf("\nStudent details from class structure:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < class1.num_students; i++) {

printf("Student %d:\n", i + 1);

printf("Name: %s\n", class1.students[i].name);
printf("Roll No: %d\n", class1.students[i].roll_no);
printf("Marks: %.2f\n", class1.students[i].marks);

return 0;
}
ANSWER 17:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

/* Function declaration */
int compareFile(FILE * fPtr1, FILE * fPtr2, int * line, int * col);

int main()

{
/* File pointer to hold reference of input file */
FILE * fPtr1;
FILE * fPtr2;

char path1[100];
char path2[100];

int diff;

int line, col;

/* Input path of files to compare */

printf("Enter path of first file: ");

scanf("%s", path1);
printf("Enter path of second file: ");
scanf("%s", path2);

/* Open all files to compare */

fPtr1 = fopen(path1, "r");
fPtr2 = fopen(path2, "r");

/* fopen() return NULL if unable to open file in given mode. */

if (fPtr1 == NULL || fPtr2 == NULL)

{
/* Unable to open file hence exit */
printf("\nUnable to open file.\n");

printf("Please check whether file exists and you have read privilege.\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

/* Call function to compare file */

diff = compareFile(fPtr1, fPtr2, &line, &col);

if (diff == 0)

{
printf("\nBoth files are equal.");
}
else

{
printf("\nFiles are not equal.\n");
printf("Line: %d, col: %d\n", line, col);
}

/* Finally close files to release resources */

fclose(fPtr1);

fclose(fPtr2);
 return 0;
}

/**
* Function to compare two files.

* Returns 0 if both files are equivalent, otherwise returns

* -1 and sets line and col where both file differ.
*/
int compareFile(FILE * fPtr1, FILE * fPtr2, int * line, int * col)

{
char ch1, ch2;

*line = 1;
*col = 0;

do
{
// Input character from both files

ch1 = fgetc(fPtr1);
ch2 = fgetc(fPtr2);

// Increment line

if (ch1 == '\n')
{
*line += 1;
*col = 0;

}
 // If characters are not same then return -1
if (ch1 != ch2)

return -1;

*col += 1;

} while (ch1 != EOF && ch2 != EOF);

/* If both files have reached end */

if (ch1 == EOF && ch2 == EOF)

return 0;
else
return -1;
}

OUTPUT:
ANSWER 18:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {
FILE *file;
int numbers[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}; // Sample data to write into the file
int read_num;

// Open a binary file for writing

file = fopen("data.bin", "wb");
if (file == NULL) {
printf("Error opening file for writing.\n");

return 1;
}

// Write array of integers to the file

fwrite(numbers, sizeof(int), 5, file);

fclose(file);

// Reopen the file in read mode

file = fopen("data.bin", "rb");

if (file == NULL) {
printf("Error opening file for reading.\n");
return 1;
}

// Using fseek and ftell to navigate in the file

fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END); // Move to the end of the file
 long end_position = ftell(file); // Get the current position (end position)
printf("End position in the file: %ld bytes\n", end_position);

rewind(file); // Go back to the beginning of the file

printf("Position after rewind: %ld bytes\n", ftell(file));

// Read and print values in the file using fseek

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

fseek(file, i * sizeof(int), SEEK_SET); // Move to the ith integer position
fread(&read_num, sizeof(int), 1, file); // Read the integer
printf("Number at position %d: %d\n", i, read_num);

fclose(file); // Close the file

return 0;
}

OUTPUT:
ANSWER 19:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
char str1[100], str2[100];
int choice, n;

do {

printf("\nMenu:\n");
printf("1. Calculate length of a string\n");
printf("2. Concatenate at the end of a given string\n");
printf("3. Copy one string to another\n");

printf("4. Compare contents of two strings\n");

printf("5. Copy nth character string to another\n");
printf("6. Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");

scanf("%d", &choice);

switch (choice) {
case 1:
printf("Enter a string: ");

scanf("%s", str1);
printf("Length of the string: %lu\n", strlen(str1));
break;
case 2:

printf("Enter the first string: ");

scanf("%s", str1);
printf("Enter the second string: ");
 scanf("%s", str2);
strcat(str1, str2);
printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", str1);

break;
case 3:
printf("Enter the source string: ");
scanf("%s", str1);

strcpy(str2, str1);
printf("Copied string: %s\n", str2);
break;
case 4:

printf("Enter the first string: ");

scanf("%s", str1);
printf("Enter the second string: ");
scanf("%s", str2);
if (strcmp(str1, str2) == 0) {

printf("The strings are equal.\n");

} else {
printf("The strings are not equal.\n");
}

break;
case 5:
printf("Enter the source string: ");
scanf("%s", str1);

printf("Enter the destination string: ");

scanf("%s", str2);
printf("Enter the nth character: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

str2[0] = str1[n - 1]; // Copy the nth character from str1 to str2
 str2[1] = '\0'; // Null-terminate the destination string
printf("Copied character: %s\n", str2);
break;

case 6:
printf("Exiting the program.\n");
break;
default:

printf("Invalid choice. Please try again.\n");

}
} while (choice != 6);

return 0;
}
ANSWER 20:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <stdlib.h>
int main() {
char time_str[10];
int hours, minutes, seconds;

printf("Enter time in HH:MM:SS format: ");

scanf("%s", time_str);

// Check if the input string is in the correct format

if (strlen(time_str) != 8 || time_str[2] != ':' || time_str[5] != ':') {
printf("Invalid time format.\n");
return 1;

// Extract hours, minutes, and seconds

hours = atoi(time_str);
minutes = atoi(time_str + 3);

seconds = atoi(time_str + 6);

// Check if the time is valid

if (hours < 0 || hours > 23 || minutes < 0 || minutes > 59 || seconds < 0 || seconds > 59) {

printf("Invalid time.\n");
return 1;
}

// Print the extracted time

printf("Hours: %d\n", hours);
printf("Minutes: %d\n", minutes);
printf("Seconds: %d\n", seconds);
 return 0;
}