EBD_8344

- 522

27
M Mathematics

Probability
2 8
Multiplication Theorem on (a) (b)
3 17
Probability,
TOPIC Ć Independent events, Conditional 4 2
Probability, Baye's Theorem (c) (d)
17 5
5. Let EC denote the complement of an event E. Let E1, E2 and
1. In a game two players A and B take turns in throwing a pair E3 be any pairwise independent events with P(E1 ) > 0
of fair dice starting with player A and total of scores on the
and P(E1 Ç E 2 Ç E 3 ) = 0.
two dice, in each throw is noted. A wins the game if he
throws a total of 6 before B throws a total of 7 and B wins Then P(EC2 Ç E3C / E1 ) is equal to : [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
the game if he throws a total of 7 before A throws a total of
six. The game stops as soon as either of the players wins. (a) P(EC2 ) + P(E3 ) (b) P(E3C ) - P(E2C )
The probability of A winning the game is :
(c) P(E3 ) - P(EC2 ) (d) P(EC3 ) - P(E 2 )
[Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
6. In a box, there are 20 cards, out of which 10 are labelled as
5 31 A and the remaining 10 are labelled as B. Cards are drawn
(a) (b) at random, one after the other and with replacement, till a
31 61
second A-card is obtained. The probability that the second
5 30 A-card appears before the third B-card is :
(c) (d) [Jan. 9, 2020 (I)]
6 61
2. A die is thrown two times and the sum of the scores 9 11
(a) (b)
appearing on the die is observed to be a multiple of 4. 16 16
Then the conditional probability that the score 4 has 13 15
appeared atleast once is : [Sep. 03, 2020 (I)] (c) (d)
16 16
1 1 7. Let A and B be two independent events such that
(a) (b)
4 3 1 1
P(A) = and P(B) = . Then, which of the following is
1 1 3 6
(c) (d) TRUE ? [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
8 9
3. The probability that a randomly chosen 5-digit number is 2 1
made from exactly two digits is : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)] (a) P(A/B) = (b) P(A/B’) =
3 3
135 121 1 1
(a)
104
(b)
104
(c) P(A’/B’) = (d) P(A/(A È B)) =
3 4
8. An unbiased coin is tossed 5 times. Suppose that a
150 134
(c) (d) variable X is assigned the value k when k consecutive
104 104 heads are obtained for k = 3, 4, 5, otherwise X takes the
4. Box I contains 30 cards numbered 1 to 30 and Box II contains value –1. Then the expected value of X, is:
20 cards numbered 31 to 50. A box is selected at random [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)]
and a card is drawn from it. The number on the card is
3 1 3 1
found to be a non-prime number. The probability that the (a) (b) (c) - (d) -
card was drawn from Box I is : [Sep. 02, 2020 (I)] 16 8 16 8

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Probability M - 523
9. In a workshop, there are five machines and the probability 14. Let A and B be two non-null events such that A Ì B .
1 Then, which of the following statements is always correct?
of any one of them to be out of service on a day is .
4 [April 08, 2019 (I)]
If the probability that at most two machines will be out of
3 (a) P(A|B) = P(B) – P(A) (b) P(A|B) ³ P(A)
æ 3ö
service on the same day is ç ÷ k, then k is equal to: (c) P(A|B) £ P(A) (d) P(A|B) = 1
è 4ø
15. The minimum number of times one has to toss a fair coin
[Jan. 7, 2020 (II)]
so that the probability of observing at least one head is at
17 17 least 90% is : [April. 08, 2019 (II)]
(a) (b)
8 4 (a) 5 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 2
17 16. In a random experiment, a fair die is rolled until two fours
(c) (d) 4
2 are obtained in succession. The probability that the
10. For an initial screening of an admission test, a candidate experiment will end in the fifth throw of the die is equal to :
[Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
is given fifty problems to solve. If the probability that the
200 150
4 (a) 5 (b)
candidate can solve any problem is , then the probability 6 65
5
that he is unable to solve less than two problems is : 225 175
(c) 5 (d)
[April 12, 2019 (II)] 6 65
17. In a game, a man wins ` 100 if he gets 5 or 6 on a throw of
201 æ 1 ö
49
316 æ 4 ö
48 a fair die and loses ` 50 for getting any other number on
5 çè 5 ÷ø 25 çè 5 ÷ø
(a) (b) the die. If he decides to throw the die either till he gets a
five or a six or to a maximum of three throws, then his
expected gain/loss (in rupees) is : [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
49 48
54 æ 4 ö 164 æ 1 ö 400
5 çè 5 ÷ø 25 çè 5 ÷ø
(c) (d) (a) loss (b) 0
9
11. Assume that each born child is equally likely to be a boy 400 400
or a girl. If two families have two children each, then the (c) gain (d) loss
3 3
conditional probability that all children are girls given that 18. Two integers are selected at random from the set
at least two are girls is: [April 10, 2019 (I)] {1, 2, ...., 11}. Given that the sum of selected numbers is
even, the conditional probability that both the numbers
1 1 are even is :
(a) (b)
11 10 [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
1 1 7 1 2 3
(c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)
12 17 10 2 5 5
12. Minimum number of times a fair coin must be tossed so 19. An unbiased coin is tossed. If the outcome is a head then
that the probability of getting at least one head is more a pair of unbiased dice is rolled and the sum of the numbers
obtained on them is noted. If the toss of the coin results
than 99% is : [April 10, 2019 (II)] in tail then a card from a well-shuffled pack of nine cards
(a) 5 (b) 6 numbered 1, 2, 3, ..., 9 is randomly picked and the number
(c) 8 (d) 7 on the card is noted. The probability that the noted number
is either 7 or 8 is: [Jan 10, 2019 (I)]
13. Four persons can hit a target correctly with probabilities
13 15 19 19
1 1 1 1 (a) (b) (c) (d)
, , and respectively. If all hit at the target 36 72 72 36
2 3 4 8
20. If the probability of hitting a target by a shooter, in any
independently, then the probability that the target would
1
be hit, is: [April 09, 2019 (I)] shot, is , then the minimum number of independent shots
3
25 7 at the target required by him so that the probability of
(a) (b)
192 32 5
hitting the target at least once is greater than , is:
1 25 6
(c) (d) [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
192 32 (a) 3 (b) 6
(c) 5 (d) 4

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 EBD_8344
M - 524 Mathematics

21. Two cards are drawn successively with replacement from 27. Let E and F be two independent events. The probability
a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. Let X denote the random 1
that both E and F happen is and the probability that
variable of number of aces obtained in the two drawn 12
cards. Then P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) equals: [Jan 09, 2019 (I)] 1 P(E)
(a) 49/169 (b) 52/169 neither E nor F happens is , then a value of is :
2 P(F)
(c) 24/169 (d) 25/169 [Online April 9, 2017]
22. An urn contains 5 red and 2 green balls. A ball is drawn at 4 3
random from the urn. If the drawn ball is green, then a red (a) (b)
ball is added to the urn and if the drawn ball is red, then a 3 2
green ball is added to the urn; the original ball is not 1 5
returned to the urn. Now, a second ball is drawn at random (c) (d)
3 12
from it. The probability that the second ball is red is:
[Jan. 09, 2019 (II)] 28. Three persons P, Q and R independently try to hit a target.
21 27 3 1
(a) (b) If the probabilities of their hitting the target are , and
49 49 4 2
26 32 5
(c) (d)
49 49 respectively, then the probability that the target is hit
8
23. A bag contains 4 red and 6 black balls. A ball is drawn at
random from the bag, its colour is observed and this ball by P or Q but not by R is : [Online April 8, 2017]
along with two additional balls of the same colour are 21 9
returned to the bag. If now a ball is drawn at random from (a) (b)
64 64
the bag, then the probability that this drawn ball is red, is :
[2018] 15 39
(c) (d)
64 64
2 1
(a) (b) 29. An unbiased coin is tossed eight times. The probability of
5 5
obtaining at least one head and at least one tail is :
3 3 [Online April 8, 2017]
(c) (d)
4 10 255 127
24. Let A, B and C be three events, which are pair-wise (a) (b)
256 128
independence and E denotes the complement of an event 63 1
(c) (d)
E. If P (A Ç B Ç C) = 0 and P (C) > 0, then P[( A Ç B ) |C] is 64 2
equal to. [Online April 16, 2018] 30. Let two fair six-faced dice A and B be thrown
simultaneously. If E1 is the event that die A shows up
(a) P (A) + P ( B ) (b) P ( A ) – P ( B )
four, E2 is the event that die B shows up two and E3 is the
(c) P ( A ) – P (B) (d) P ( A ) + P ( B ) event that the sum of numbers on both dice is odd, then
25. A player X has a biased coin whose probability of showing
which of the following statements is NOT true ? [2016]
heads is p and a player Y has a fair coin. They start playing
a game with their own coins and play alternately. The player (a) E1 and E3 are independent.
who throws a head first is a winner. If X starts the game, (b) E1, E2 and E3 are independent.
and the probability of winning the game by both the players (c) E1 and E2 are independent.
is equal, then the value of ‘p’ is[Online April 15, 2018] (d) E2 and E3 are independent.
1 1 2
(a)
3
(b)
5 31. If A and B are any two events such that P(A) = and
5
1 2
(c) (d) 3
4 5 P(A Ç B) = , then the conditional probability,,
20
26. If two different numbers are taken from the set (0, 1, 2, 3,
......., 10), then the probability that their sum as well as P(A | A¢ È B¢)) , where A' denotes the complement of A, is
absolute difference are both multiple of 4, is : [2017] equal to : [Online April 9, 2016]
7 6
(a) (b) (a) 11 20 (b) 5 17
55 55
12 14 (c) 8 17 (d) 1 4
(c) (d)
55 55

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Probability M - 525

32. Let X be a set containing 10 elements and P(X) be its k, so that the probability of hitting the target at least once
power set. If A and B are picked up at random from P(X), 7
with replacement, then the probability that A and B have is more than , is : [Online April 9, 2013]
10
equal number elements, is : [Online April 10, 2015] (a) 3 (b) 5

(a)
(2
10
-1 ) (b)
20
C10
38.
(c) 2 (d) 4
Three numbers are chosen at random without replacement
10
2 210 from {1,2,3,..8}. The probability that their minimum is 3,

(c)
(2
10
-1 ) (d)
20
C10 given that their maximum is 6, is : [2012]
3 1
2 20 220 (a) (b)
8 5
33. Let A and B be two events such that P A È B = ( ) 1
6
, (c)
1
(d)
2
4 5
39. Let A, B, C, be pairwise independent events with P (C) > 0
(
P AÇ B =
1
4
) ( ) 1
and P A = , where A stands for the
4 c
(
c
)
and P ( A Ç B Ç C ) =0. Then P A Ç B / C . [2011RS]
complement of the event A. Then the events A and B are

(a) independent but not equally likely.

[2014] ( )
(a) P B – P ( B )
c
( ) ( )
(b) P A + P B
c c

(b) independent and equally likely.

(c) mutually exclusive and independent.
( ) ( )
(c) P A - P B
c c c
( )
(d) P A - P ( B )

(d) equally likely but not independent. 40. If C and D are two events such that C Ì D and P(D) ¹ 0,
34. Let A and E be any two events with positive probabilities: then the correct statement among the following is [2011]
Statement - 1: P(E/A) ³ P(A/E) P(E) (a) P (C | D ) ³ P (C ) (b) P (C | D ) < P (C )

Statement - 2: P(A/E) ³ P ( A Ç E ) P( D )
(c) P (C | D) = (d) P (C | D ) = P (C )
[Online April 19, 2014] P (C )
(a) Both the statements are true 41. One ticket is selected at random from 50 tickets numbered
(b) Both the statements are false 00,01,02,...,49. Then the probability that the sum of the
digits on the selected ticket is 8, given that the product of
(c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
these digits is ero, equals: [2009]
(d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true
1 5
35. A, B, C try to hit a target simultaneously but independently. (a) (b)
7 14
Their respective probabilities of hitting the targets are
1 1
3 1 5 (c) (d)
, , . The probability that the target is hit by A or B but 50 14
4 2 8 42. It is given that the events A and B are such that
not by C is : [Online April 23, 2013] 1 1 2
P ( A) = , P( A | B ) = and P ( B | A) = . Then P(B) is
(a) 21/64 (b) 7/8 4 2 3
(c) 7/32 (d) 9/64 [2008]
36. Given two independent events, if the probability that 1 1
26 (a) (b)
exactly one of them occurs is and the probability that 6 3
49
2 1
15 (c) (d)
none of them occurs is , then the probability of more 3 2
49 43. Two aeroplanes I and II bomb a target in succession. The
probable of the two events is : [Online April 22, 2013]
(a) 4/7 (b) 6/7 probabilities of I and II scoring a hit correctly are 0.3 and
(c) 3/7 (d) 5/7 0.2, respectively. The second plane will bomb only if the
2 first misses the target. The probability that the target is hit
37. The probability of a man hitting a target is . He fires at by the second plane is [2007]
5
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.7
the target k times (k, a given number). Then the minimum
(c) 0.06 (d) 0.14.

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 EBD_8344
M - 526 Mathematics

44. Three houses are available in a locality. Three persons 49. In a bombing attack, there is 50% chance that a bomb will
apply for the houses. Each applies for one house without hit the target. At least two independent hits are required to
consulting others. The probability that all the three apply destroy the target completely. Then the minimum number
for the same house is [2005] of bombs, that must be dropped to ensure that there is at
least 99% chance of completely destroying the target, is
2 1 _________. [NA Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
(a) (b)
9 9
1
50. The probability of a man hitting a target is . The least
8 7 10
(c) (d) number of shots required, so that the probability of his
9 9
1
hitting the target at least once is greater than ,
1 4
45. Let A and B be two events such that P ( A È B ) = ,
6 is ___________. [NA Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]

1 51. A random variable X has the following probability

1
P( A Ç B) = and P ( A) = , where A stands for distribution:
4 4
complement of event A. Then events A and B are [2005] X : 1 2 3 4 5
2
(a) equally likely and mutually exclusive P(X) : K 2K K 2K 5K2
(b) equally likely but not independent Then, P(X > 2) is equal to: [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
(c) independent but not equally likely 7 1
(d) mutually exclusive and independent (a) (b)
12 36
4 1 23
46. The probability that A speaks truth is , while the (c) (d)
5 6 36
52. Let a random variable X have a binomial distribution with
3
probability for B is . The probability that they contradict k
4 mean 8 and variance 4. If P(X d” 2) = 16 , then k is equal
2
each other when asked to speak on a fact is [2004] to:
4 1 [April 12, 2019 (I)]
(a) (b)
5 5 (a) 17 (b) 121
7 3
(c) (d) (c) 1 (d) 137
20 20
47. A problem in mathematics is given to three students A, B, 53. A person throws two fair dice. He wins Rs. 15 for throwing
C and their respective probability of solving the problem a doublet (same numbers on the two dice), wins Rs. 12
when the throw results in the sum of 9, and loses Rs. 6 for
1 1 1
is , and . Probability that the problem is solved is any other outcome on the throw. Then the expected gain/
2 3 4
loss (in Rs.) of the person is : [April 12, 2019 (II)]
[2002]
1 1
3 1 (a) gain (b) loss
(a) (b) 2 4
4 2 1
2 1 (c) loss (d) 2 gain
(c) (d) 2
3 3 54. A bag contains 30 white balls and 10 red balls. 16 balls are
drawn one by one randomly from the bag with replacement.
Random Variables, Probability If X be the number of white balls drawn, then
Distribution, Bernoulli Trails,
TOPIC n Binomial Distribution, Poisson æ mean of X ö
Distribution ç ÷ is equal to:[Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
è standard deviation of X ø
48. Four fair dice are thrown independently 27 times. Then the
4 3
expected number of times, at least two dice show up a (a) 4 (b) 4 3 (c) 3 2 (d)
3
three or a five, is ______. [NA Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]

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Probability M - 527

55. A box contains 15 green and 10 yellow balls. If 10 balls

1 9
are randomly drawn, one-by-one, with replacement, then (a) log 4 + log 3 (b) log 4 – log 3
the variance of the number of green balls drawn is: [2017] 10 10 10 10

6 12 4 1
(a) (b) (c) 6 (d) 4 (c) log 4 – log 3 (d) log 4 – log 3
25 5 10 10 10 10
56. An experiment succeeds twice as often as it fails. The 62. A pair of fair dice is thrown independently three times. The
probability of at least 5 successes in the six trials of this probability of getting a score of exactly 9 twice is [2007]
experiment is : [Online April 10, 2016] (a) 8/729 (b) 8/243 (c) 1/729 (d) 8/9.
496 192 63. At a telephone enquiry system the number of phone calls
(a) (b)
729 729 regarding relevant enquiry follow Poisson distribution with
240 256 an average of 5 phone calls during 10 minute time intervals.
(c) (d) The probability that there is at the most one phone call
729 729
57. If the mean and the variance of a binomial variate X are during a 10-minute time period is [2006]
2 and 1 respectively, then the probability that X takes a 6 5 6 6
value greater than or equal to one is : (a) (b) (c) (d)
e
[Online April 11, 2015] 5 6 55 e5
9 3 1 15 64. A random variable X has Poisson distribution with mean 2.
(a) (b) (c) (d) Then P (X > 1.5) equals [2005]
16 4 16 16
58. If X has a binomial distribution, B(n, p) with parameters n 2 3 3
(a) 2
(b) 0 (c) 1 - (d) 2
and p such that P(X = 2) = P (X = 3), then E(X), the mean of e 2 e
e
variable X, is [Online April 11, 2014] 65. The mean and the variance of a binomial distribution are 4
p p and 2 respectively. Then the probability of 2 successes is
(a) 2 – p (b) 3 – p (c) (d) [2004]
2 3
59. A multiple choice examination has 5 questions. Each 28 219 128 37
(a) (b) (c) (d)
question has three alternative answers of which exactly 256 256 256 256
one is correct. The probability that a student will get 4 or 66. A random variable X has the probability distribution:
more correct answers ust by guessing is: [2013]
X: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
17 13 11 10 p(X): 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
(a) (b) 5 (c) 5 (d) 5
35 3 3 3 For the events E = {X is a prime number } and
60. Consider 5 independent Bernoulli’s trials each with F = { X < 4}, the P( E È F ) is [2004]
probability of success p. If the probability of at least one
(a) 0.50 (b) 0.77 (c) 0.35 (d) 0.87
31
failure is greater than or equal to , then p lies in the 67. The mean and variance of a random variable X having
32 binomial distribution are 4 and 2 respectively, then P
interval [2011]
(X = 1) is [2003]
æ 3 11 ù é 1ù
(a) ç , ú (b) ê0, ú 1 1
è 4 12 û ë 2û (a) (b)
4 32
æ 11 ù æ 1 3ù
(c) ç ,1ú (d) ç , ú
è 12 û è 2 4û 1 1
(c) (d)
æ 1ö 16 8
61. In a binomial distribution B ç n, p = ÷ , if the probability
è 4ø 68. A dice is tossed 5 times. Getting an odd number is
9 considered a success. Then the variance of distribution of
of at least one success is greater than or equal to , then
10 success is [2002]
(a) 8/3 (b) 3/8 (c) 4/5 (d) 5/4
n is greater than: [2009]

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 EBD_8344
M - 528 Mathematics

5
So,
1. (d) Probability of sum getting 6, P ( A) =
36 æ Nö
P ( B1 ) ´ P ç ÷
6 1 æB ö è B1 ø
Probability of sum getting 7, P ( B ) = = Pç 1÷ =
36 6 è Nø æ Nö æ Nö
P ( B1 ) ´ P ç ÷ + P ( B2 ) ´ P ç ÷
P(A wins) = P ( A) + P( A) P ( B ) P ( A) è B1 ø è B2 ø

+ P ( A) × P( B ) P( A) P( B ) P( A) + ..... 1 20 1
´
2 30 8
5 æ 31ö æ 30 ö æ 5 ö = = 3 = .
Þ + ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ + .....¥ 1 20 1 15 1 15 17
36 è 36 ø è 36 ø è 36 ø ´ + ´ +
2 30 2 20 3 40

5 æ 155 æ 155 ö ö
( )
2
æ E C Ç E3C ö P éë E1 Ç E2 Ç E3 ùû
C C
Þ ç1 + +ç ÷ + ........¥÷
36 è 216 è 216 ø ø 5. (d) P ç 2 ÷ =
è E1 ø P ( E1 )
5 P ( E1 ) - P[ E1 Ç ( E2 È E3 )]
30 =
Þ 36 = æ a ö P( E1 )
61 çèQ S¥ = ÷
61 1- r ø
216 [Q P( A Ç BC ) = P( A) - P( A Ç B)]
(d) E1 [the event for getting score a multiple of 4] P ( E1 ) - P[( E1 Ç E2 ) È ( E1 Ç E3 )]
2. =
= (1, 3), (3, 1), (2, 2), (2, 6), (6, 2), (3, 5), (5, 3), (4, 4) & (6, 6) P ( E1 )
E2 [4 has appeared atleast once] P( E1 ) - [ P( E1 Ç E2 ) + P( E1 Ç E3 ) - P( E1 Ç E2 Ç E3 )]
=
= (1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 4), (5, 4), (6, 4), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), P( E1 )
(4, 5) & (4, 6)
P ( E1 ) - P ( E1 Ç E2 ) - P( E1 Ç E3 ) + 0
E1 Ç E2 = (4, 4) =
P ( E1 )
æE ö 1 = 1 - P ( E2 ) - P( E3 ) [Q P( A Ç B ) = P( A) × P( B)]
Pç 2 ÷ =
è E1 ø 9
= P( E2C ) - P( E3 ) or P( E3C ) - P( E2 )
3. (a) Total outcomes = 9(104)
Favourable outcomes 6. (b) P(second A – card appears before the third B– card)
= P (AA) + P (ABA) + P (BAA) + P (ABBA) + P (BBAA)
= 9C2 (25 - 2) + 9C1 (24 - 1) = 36(30) + 9(15)
+ P (BABA)
36 ´ 30 + 9 ´ 15 4 ´ 30 + 15 135
Probability = = = 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 11
9 ´ 104 104 10 = + + + + + =
4. (b) Let B1 and B2 be the boxes and N be the number of 4 8 8 16 16 16 16
non-prime number. 7. (b) A and B are independent events.
1 1 1
¢) 3 - 3 . 6 1
1
Q P ( B1 ) = P ( B2 ) = æ A ö P ( A Ç B
2 So, P ç ÷ = = =
è B¢ ø P ( B¢) 1 3
and P (non-prime number)
6
æ Nö æNö
= P( B1 ) ´ P ç ÷ + P ( B2 ) ´ P ç ÷ 8. (b) k 0 1 2 3 4 5
è B1 ø è B2 ø
1 12 11 5 2 1
1 20 1 15 P( k )
= ´ + ´ 32 32 32 32 32 32
2 30 2 20
k = No. of times head occur consecutively

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Probability M - 529

Now expectation 14. (b) Q A Ì B; so A Ç B = A

= å xP(k ) = (-1) ´
1 12
+ (-1) ´ + ( -1) ´
11 æ A ö P ( A Ç B)
Now, P ç ÷ =
32 32 32 èBø P( B )
5 2 1 1
+3 ´
+ 4 ´ + 5´ = æ A ö P ( A)
32 32 32 8 Þ Pç ÷ =
è B ø P( B)
9. (a) Required probability = when no machine has fault +
when only one machine has fault + when only two Q P (B) £ 1
machines have fault. æ Aö
Þ P ç ÷ ³ P(A)
æ3ö
5
æ 1 öæ 3 ö
4
æ1ö æ 3ö
2 3 è Bø
= 5C0 ç ÷ + 5C1 ç ÷ç ÷ + 5C2 ç ÷ ç ÷
è ø
4 è øè ø
4 4 è4ø è4ø 15. (c) Let, p is probability for getting head and is probability
243 405 270 918 459 27 ´ 17 for getting tail.
= + + = = =
1024 1024 1024 1024 512 64 ´ 8 1 1
p = P (H) = , q =1- p =
3 3 2 2
æ3ö æ 3 ö 17
=ç ÷ ´k =ç ÷ ´
è4ø è4ø 8 9 9
P ( x ³ 1) ³ Þ 1 - P ( x = 0) ³
17 10 10
\ k=
8 n
æ1ö 9 1 9 1 1
10. (c) Let p is the probability that candidate can solve a 1 - n C0 ç ÷ ³ Þ n £ 1- Þ n £
problem and q is the probability that candidate can not è ø
2 10 2 10 2 10
not solve a problem. 2n ³ 10 Þ n ³ 4 Þ nmin = 4
4 1
p= and q = (Q p + q = 1) 16. (d) Since, the experiment will end in the fifth throw.
5 5 Hence, the possibilities are 4 * * 4 4, * 4 * 4 4, * * * 4 4
Probability of solving either 50 or 49 problem by the (where * is any number except 4)
candidate
æ 1 ö æ 5ö æ 5ö æ 1ö æ 1 ö
= 50C50 . p50 . q0 + 50C49 . p49 . q1 = p49 [p + 50q] Required Probability = çè ÷ø çè ÷ø çè ÷ø çè ÷ø çè ø÷
6 6 6 6 6
49 49 3 2
æ 4 ö æ 4 50 ö 54 æ 4 ö æ 5ö æ 1ö æ 5ö 1 1
+ ç ÷ ç ÷ ç ÷ æç ö÷ æç ö÷ + æç ö÷ æç ö÷
5 1
= ç ÷ .ç + ÷ =
5 çè 5 ÷ø
.
è5ø è5 5 ø è 6 ø è 6ø è 6 ø è 6ø è 6ø è 6ø è 6ø
11. (a) Let, A = At least two girls 25 + 25 + 125 175
= = 5
B = All girls 65 6
æ B ö P ( B Ç A) P( B) 2 1
Pç ÷ = = 17. (b) Probability of getting 5 or 6 = P(E) = =
6 3
è Aø P ( A) P ( A)
1 2
æ1ö
4 Probability of not getting 5 or 6 = P(E) = 1 - =
ç ÷ 3 3
è4ø 1 1
E will consider as success.
æ 1 ö 4 æ 1 ö = 16 - 1 - 4 = 11
= 4 4
4
1 - C0 ç ÷ - C1 ç ÷ Success Success Success in No success
è2ø è2ø Event in Ist in IInd IIIrd in IIIrd
12. (d) According to the question, attempt attempt attempt attempt
n n
æ1ö 99 æ1ö 1 1 2 1
´
2 2 1
´ ´
2 2 2
´ ´
1- ç ÷ > Þç ÷ < Þn³7 Probability 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
è ø
2 100 è ø
2 100
Hence, minimum value is 7. Gain/loss 100 50 0 –150
13. (d) P (at least one hits the target)
His expected gain/loss
= 1 – P (none of them hits the target)
1 2 8
æ 1 öæ 1 öæ 1 öæ 1 ö = ´ 100 + ´ 50 + ´ (-150)
= 1 - ç1 - ÷ç1 - ÷ç1 - ÷ç 1 - ÷ 3 9 27
è 2 øè 3 øè 4 øè 8 ø
1 2 3 7 7 25 900 + 300 - 1200
=1- ´ ´ ´ =1 - = = =0
2 3 4 8 32 32 27

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 EBD_8344
M - 530 Mathematics

18. (c) Probability of getting sum of selected two numbers 23. (a) Let Rt be the even of drawing red ball in tth draw and
is even Bt be the event of drawing black ball in tth draw.
5
Now, in the given bag there are 4 red and 6 black balls.
C2 +5C2
= P( E1 ) = 4 6
11
C2 \ P(R1 ) = and P(B1 ) =
10 10
Probability of getting sum is even and selected numbers
5
C2 æR ö 6 æR ö 4
are also even P(E2) = And, P ç 2 ÷ = and P ç 2 ÷ =
11
C2 è 1ø
R 12 è B1 ø 12
æE ö 5
C2 10 2 Now, required probability
Hence, P ç 2 ÷ = 6 = = .
è E1 ø 5
C2 + C2 15 + 10 5 æR ö æR ö
= P(R1) ´ P ç 2 ÷ + P(B1 ) ´ P ç 2 ÷
1 è 1ø
R è B1 ø
19. (c) P(Outcome is head) = æ 4 6ö æ 6 4ö 2
2 = ç ´ ÷+ç ´ ÷ =
è 10 12 ø è 10 12 ø 5
1
P(Outcome is tail) =
2 P( A Ç B Ç C)
24. (c) Here, P ( A Ç B |C) = .
P (C )
6 5 11
P(7 or 8 is the sum of two dice) = + =
36 36 36 P (C ) – P ( A Ç C – P ( B Ç C ) + P ( A Ç B Ç C ))
=
1 1 2 P (C )
P(7 or 8 is the number of card) = + =
9 9 9
A B
1 11 1 2
Required probability = ´ + ´
2 36 2 9
1 æ 11 + 8 ö 19
= ç =
2 è 36 ÷ø 72
20. (c) Let the number of independent shots required to hit P (A Ç B Ç C )
the target at least once be n, then C

n n
æ 2ö 5 æ 2ö 1 é P ( A ) . P (C ) + P ( B ). P ( C ) ù
1- ç ÷ > ç ÷ <
è 3ø 6 è 3ø =1– ê ú
P (C )
6
ë û
Hence, the above inequality holds when least value of
n is 5. = 1 – P (A) – P (B) = P ( A ) – P (B)( Q P (A Ç B Ç C) = 0)
25. (a) If the outcome is one of the following:
21. (d) X = number of aces drawn H, TTH, TTTTH, ..., then X wins.
\ P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) As subsequent tosses are independent, so the
probability that X wins is
ì 4 48 48 4 ü ì 4 4ü
=í ´ + ´ ý+í ´ ý p p 4p
î 52 52 52 52 þ î 52 52 þ p+ + + ... = .
4 16 3
24 1 25 Similarly Y wins if the outcome is one of the following: TH,
= + =
169 169 169 TTTH, TTTTTH, ...
22. (d) Let G represents drawing a green ball and R represents Therefore, the probability that Y wins is
1 - p 1 - p 1 - p 2(1 - p)
drawing a red ball + + =
So, the probability that second drawn ball is red 2 8 32 3
Since, the probability of winning the game by both the
æ Rö æ Rö players is equal then, we have
= P (G ) × P çè ÷ø + P ( R ) P çè ø÷
G R
4 p 2(1 - p) 1
2 6 5 4 = Þ p=
= ´ + ´ 3 3 3
7 7 7 7
12 + 20 26. (b) Let A º {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ......., 10}
=
49 n (S) = 11C2 = 55 where 'S' denotes sample space
Let E be the given event
32
= \ E º {(0, 4), (0, 8), (2, 6), (2, 10), (4, 8), (6, 10)}
49

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Probability M - 531

Þ n (E) = 6 And P(E1 Ç E2 Ç E 3) = 0 ¹ P (E1) . P(E2) . P(E3)

n(E) 6 Þ E1, E2, E3 are not independent.
\ P(E) = n(S) =
55 2 8 3
1 31. (b) P(A) = = ; P(A Ç B) =
27. (a) P ( E Ç F) = P (E ) . P (F) = 5 20 20
12
( )
3
( )
P EÇF =P E .P F = ( ) ( ) 1
2
P AÇ B = 1 –
20
A B

Þ (1 – P(E)) (1 – P(F)) =
1
2
Þ P AÈ B = (
17
20
) 5 3

Let P(E) = x A Ç (A' È B')

P(F) = y = A – (A Ç B)
1 5
Þ 1 – x – y + xy = \ P (A – (A Ç B)) =
2 20

Þ 1 – x – y=
1 1
-
5 P ( A - ( A Ç B) ) 5
= \ P (A / (A' Ç B')) =
( )
2 12 12 =
P AÈ B 17
7
Þ x+y= 32. (d) Required probability is
12
( ) + ( 10C1 ) + ( 10 C2 ) ( 10 C10 )
10 2 2 2 2
1 7 é 1ù C0 + ....... +
Þ x+ = êQ x . y = 12 ú
12x 12 ë û 210
Þ 12x2 – 7x + 1 = 0 20
C10
Þ 2
12x – 4x – 3x + 1 = 0 =
Þ (4x – 1) (3x – 1) = 0 220
1 1 1 1 5
Þ x= ,x= 33. (a) Given, P( A È B ) = Þ P( A È B ) = 1 - =
3 4 6 6 6
1 1 1 1 3
and y = , y = P ( A) = Þ P ( A) = 1 - =
4 3 4 4 4
14 3 We know,
x 13 4
\ = = or = P ( A È B ) = P( A) + P ( B ) - P ( A Ç B)
y 14 3 13 4
5 3 1
28. (a) Required probability = Þ = + P( B ) -
6 4 4
æ 1ö
æ 3 ö æ 1 ö æ 3ö æ 1 ö æ 1 ö æ 3ö æ 3 ö æ 1 ö æ 3ö çèQ P( A Ç B) = ÷ø
ç 4 ÷ ç 2÷ ç8÷ + ç 4÷ ç 2÷ ç8÷ + ç 4÷ ç 2 ÷ ç8÷ 4
è øè øè ø è øè øè ø è øè øè ø 1
Þ P(B) =
12 + 9 21 3
=
64
=
64 Q P ( A) ¹ P ( B ) so they are not equally likely.
29. (b) Required probability = 1 – {P (All Head) + P (All Tail)} 3 1 1
Also P ( A) ´ P( B ) =´ = = P( A Ç B)
ì1 1ü 4 3 4
= 1- í 8 + 8 ý So A & B are independent.
î2 2 þ 34. (a) Let A and E be any two events with positive
probabilities.
ì1 ü
= 1- í 7 ý Consider statement-1 :
î2 þ
P(E / A) ³ P(A / E)P(E)
ì 1 ü 127 P(E Ç A)
= 1- í ý = LHS : P (E/A) = ...(1)
î128 þ 128 P(A)
1 P(E Ç A)
30. (b) P(E1) =
1
; P(E 2 ) = ; P(E 3 ) =
1 RHS : P(A/E). P(E) = × P(E)
6 6 2 P(E)
= P(A Ç E) ...(2)
1 1 1
P(E1Ç E 2 ) = , P(E 2 Ç E3 ) = , P(E1Ç E3 ) = Clearly, from (1) and (2), we have
36 12 12

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 EBD_8344
M - 532 Mathematics

P(E/A) ³ P(A Ç E) 2 3 2 æ3ö 2

2
æ3ö 2 7
k
37. (a) + ´ + ç ÷ ´ + ...... + ç ÷ . >
Thus, statement-1 is true. 5 5 5 è5ø 5 è 5 ø 5 10
Similarly, statement-2 is also true.
2 é 3 æ3ö æ 3ö ù 7
2 k
35. (a) P(A or B but not by C) = P((A È B) Ç C ) Þ ê1 + + ç ÷ + ...... + ç ÷ ú >
5 ë 5 è5ø è 5 ø û 10
= P(A È B) × P(C) k
æ3ö
= [P(A) + P(B) – P(A Ç B)] × P(C) 1- ç ÷ k
2 è5ø 7 æ3ö 7
Þ ´ > Þ 1- ç ÷ >
é 3 1 3 1 ù 3 æ 6 + 4 - 3 ö 3 21 5 3 10 è5ø 10
= ê + - ´ ú ´ = çè ÷´ = 1-
ë 4 2 4 2û 8 8 ø 8 64 5
36. (a) Let the probability of occurrence of first event A, be k
æ3ö 3
‘a’ Þ ç ÷ < Þ k³3
è5ø 10
i.e., P(A) = a
\ P(not A) = 1 – a Hence minimum value of k = 3
And also suppose that probability of occurrence of second 38. (b) Given three numbers are chosen without replacement
event B, P(B) = b, from = {1,2,3,.....,8}
\ P(not B) = 1 – b Let Event
26 F : Maximum of three numbers is 6.
Now, P(A and not B) + P(not A and B) = E : Minimum of three numbers is 3.
49
26 This is the case of conditional probability
Þ P(A) × P(not B) + P(not A) × P(B) = We have to find P (minimum) is 3 when it is given that P
49
(maximum) is 6.
26
Þ a × (1 – b) + (1 – a) b = æ E ö P (E Ç F )
2
C 2 1
49 s\ P çè ÷ø = = 5 1 = =
F P (F) C2 10 5
26
Þ a + b – 2ab = ...(i) 39. (d) P(A Ç B /C) =
c c
49

And P(not A and not B) =

15 ((
P Ac Ç B c Ç C ) ) = P (( A È B) Ç C )
c

49 P (C ) P (C )

Þ P (not A) × P(not B) =
15 P (( S - A È B) Ç C )
=
P (C )
49
15
Þ (1 – a) × (1 – b) = P (( S - A - B + A Ç B ) Ç C )
49 =
15 P ( C)
Þ 1 – b – a + ab = P(C) – P(A Ç C) – P(B Ç C) + P(A Ç B Ç C)
49 =
34 P(C)
Þ a + b – ab = ...(ii) P(C) – P(A).P(C) – P(B)P(C) + 0
49 =
From (i) and (ii), P(C)
42 = 1 - P ( A) - P ( B ) [Q P(AC) = 1–P(A)]
a+b= ...(iii)
49 = P ( Ac ) - P ( B )
8 40. (a) We know,
and ab =
49
æ C ö P (C Ç D) P(C )
42 42 4 ´ 8 196 Pç ÷ = = [Q C Ì D]
(a – b)2 = (a + b)2 – 4ab = ´ - = è Dø P ( D) P ( D)
49 49 49 2401
Where, 0 £ P ( D ) £ 1 , hence
14
\ a–b= ...(iv) æ Cö
49 P ç ÷ ³ P (C )
From (iii) and (iv), è Dø
4 2 41. (d) Given that
a= ,b= 1 1 3
7 7 P = Þ q =1- =
4 4 4 4
Hence probability of more probable of the two events =
7 9
and P (x ³ 1) ³
10

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Probability M - 533

9 1 1
Þ 1 – P (x = 0) ³ 47. (a) Given that P(A) = , P (B) = and
10 2 3
0 n _ _ _
Þ æ1ö æ3ö 9 1
1 - nC0 ç ÷ ç ÷ ³ P (C) = ; P ( AUBUC ) = 1 - P ( A) P ( B ) P (C )
è4ø è4ø 10 4
9 æ 3ö
n æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö 1 2 3 3
Þ = 1 - ç1 - ÷ ç 1 - ÷ ç1 - ÷ = 1 - ´ ´ =
1- ³ç ÷ è 2 ø è 3ø è 4ø 2 3 4 4
10 è 4 ø
48. (11)
n
æ 3ö æ 1ö Probability of getting at least two 3's or 5's in one trial
Þ ç ÷ £ç ÷
è 4ø è 10 ø
2 2 3 4
Taking log at the base 3/4, on both sides, we get æ 2ö æ 4ö æ 2ö æ 4ö æ 2ö
= 4C2 ç ÷ ç ÷ + 4C3 ç ÷ ç ÷ + 4C4 ç ÷
æ3ö æ1ö è 6ø è 6ø è 6ø è 6ø è 6ø
n log3/4 ç ÷ ³ log3/4 ç ÷
è4ø è 10 ø
33 11
- log10 10 -1 = =
Þ n ³ - log3/4 10 = = 34 27
æ 3ö log10 3 - log10 4
log10 ç ÷
è 4ø æ 11 ö
E (x) = np = 27 ç ÷ = 11.
1 è 27 ø
Þ n³
log10 4 - log10 3 49. (11.00)
1 Let 'n' bombs are required, then
42. (b) Given that P(A) = 1/4, P(A/B) = , P(B/A) = 2/3
2 1 n -1 0 n
æ1ö æ1ö æ1ö æ1ö 99
By conditional probability, 1 - nC1 × ç ÷ ç ÷ - n C0 ç ÷ ç ÷ ³
è2ø è2ø è ø è ø
2 2 100
P(A Ç B) = P(A) P(B/A) = P(B)P(A/B)
1 2 1 1 1 n +1
Þ ´ = P ( B ) ´ Þ P( B ) = Þ ³ n Þ 2 n ³ 100( n + 1) Þ n ³ 11
4 3 2 3 100 2
43. (d) Given that P(I) = 0.3 and P(II) = 0.2 50. (3.00)
\ P( I ) = 1 – 0.3 = 0.7
1 9
\ The required probability p= ,q=
10 10
= P ( I Ç II ) = P( I ).P( II ) = 0.7 × 0.2 = 0.14 n
æ 9ö
1 P (not hitting target in n trials) = ç ÷
44. (b) Probability of particular house being selected =
3 è 10 ø
P (all the persons apply for the same house)
n
æ1 1 1ö 1 æ 9ö
= ç ´ ´ ÷3 = . P (at least one hit) = 1 - ç ÷
è 3 3 3ø 9 è 10 ø
1 1 1
, P ( A Ç B ) = and P ( A) =
n
45. (c) P ( A È B) = æ 9ö 1
Q1 - ç ÷ > Þ (0.9) < 0.75
n
6 4 4
è 10 ø 4
5 3
Þ P ( A È B ) = , P( A) =
6 4 \ nminimum = 3.
Also Þ P ( A È B ) = P ( A) + P ( B ) - P ( A Ç B )
5 3 1 1
51. (d) å P( K ) = 1 Þ 6K2 + 5K = 1
Þ P( B) = - + =
6 4 4 3 6K2 + 5K – 1 = 0
3 1 1 6K2 + 6K – K – 1 = 0
Þ P ( A) P ( B ) = - = = P( A Ç B)
4 3 4 Þ (6K – 1) (K + 1) = 0
Hence A and B are independent but not equally likely.
1
46. (c) A and B will contradict each other if one speaks truth Þ K= (K = – 1 reected)
6
and other false . So , the required probability
P(X > 2) = K + 2K + 5K2
4 æ 3 ö æ 4ö 3
P(AÇ B ) + P ( A Ç B) = 5 çè 1 - 4 ÷ø + çè1 - 5 ÷ø 4 1 2 5 6 + 12 + 5 23
= + + = =
4 1 1 3 7 6 6 36 36 36
= ´ + ´ =
5 4 5 4 20

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 EBD_8344
M - 534 Mathematics

52. (d) Given mean µ = 8 and variance s2 = 4 56. (d) Let p(F) = p Þ p(S) = 2p
Þ µ = np = 8 and s2 = npq = 4. 1
Q p + 2p = 1 Þ p =
1 1 3
p + q = 1 Þ q = , p = and n = 16 p(x > 5) = p(x = 5) + p(x = 6)
2 2
5 1 6 0
k 6 æ2ö æ1ö æ 2ö æ1ö
= C5 ç ÷ ç ÷ + C5 ç ÷ ç ÷
6
QP (X £ 2) =
216 è ø è ø
3 3 è 3ø è 3ø
5
16 16 16 æ 2ö æ 1 2ö 256
16 æ1ö æ1ö æ1ö k = ç ÷ ç6 ´ + ÷ =
\ C0 ç ÷ +16 C1 ç ÷ +16 C2 ç ÷ = 16 è 3ø è 3 3 ø 729
è2ø è2ø è2ø 2
57. (d) Let mean = np = 2 ...(1)
Þ k = (1 + 16 + 120) = 137 and variance = npq = 1 ...(2)
53. (c) Let X be the random variable which denotes the Rs On solving eqn (1) and (2), we get
gained by the person. 1 1
Total cases = 6 × 6 = 36. q = and p =
2 2
Favorable cases for the person on winning ` 15 are From eqn (1), we have
(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6) i.e., 6 cases. n=4
P (x ³ 1) = 4C1p1q3 + 4C2p2q2 + 4C3p3q + 4C4p4
6 1
\ P (X = 15) = =
36 6 4
æ 1ö 1 15
= 1 – 4C0p0q4 = 1 - ç ÷ = 1 - =
Favorable cases for the person on winning ` 12 are (6, 3), è 2ø 16 16
(5, 4), (4, 5), (3, 6) i.e., 4.
58. (b) Since X has a binomial distribution, B (n, p)
4 1
\ P (X = 12) = = \ P (X = 2) = nC2 (p)2 (1 – p)n–2
36 9
and P (X = 3) = nC3 (p)3 (1 – p)n–3
Remaining cases = 36 – 6 – 4 = 26
Given P (X = 2) = P (X = 3)
26 13
\ P (X = – 6) = = Þ nC
2 p2 (1 – p)n–2 = nC3 (p)3 (1 – p)n–3
36 18
15 12 –6 n! p 2 (1 - p ) n n! p 3 (1 - p ) n
X Þ . = .
1 1 13 2!( n - 2)! (1 - p ) 2 3!(n - 3)! (1 - p )3
P (X ) 6 9 18 1 p
1
Þ = . Þ 3 (1 – p) = p (n – 2)
5 4 -13 n - 2 3 1- p
X . P (X ) 2 3 3 Þ 3 – 3p = np – 2p
5 4 13 1 Þ np = 3 – p
Hence, E (X) = å X .P( X ) = 2 + 3 - 3 =-
2 Þ E(X) = mean = 3 – p
(Q mean of B (n, p) = np)
30 3 10 1
54. (b) P(white ball) = = , Q(red ball) = = , n = 16 59. (c) p = p (correct answer), q = p (wrong answer)
40 4 40 4
1 2
Mean of X nP nP Þ P= , q = , n =5
= = 3 3
standard deviation of X nPQ Q
By using Binomial distribution
3 Required probability
16 ´
4 = 48 = 4 3 4 5
æ 1ö 2 5 æ 1ö
P(x ³ 4) = C4 ç ÷ · + C5 ç ÷
= 1 5
è 3ø 3 è 3ø
4
2 1 11
55. (b) We can apply binomial probability distribution = 5· 5 + 5 = 5
3 3 3
We have n = 10
15 3 31
p = Probability of drawing a green ball = = 60. (b) Given that p (at least one failure) ³
25 5 32
3 2 31
Also q = 1 - = Þ 1 – p (no failure) ³
5 5 32
3 2 12 31
Variance = npq = 10 × ´ = Þ1 - p ³
5
5 5 5 32

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Probability M - 535

1 1 Given mean (m) = 5

Þp £ Þ p£
5
32 2 P (at most 1 phone call)
But p ³ 0
= P ( X £ 1) = P ( X = 0) + P( X = 1)
é 1ù 6
Hence p lies in the interval ê0, ú . = e -5 + 5 ´ e -5 =
ë 2û e5
61. (d) Given that
64. (c) From poission distribution, probability of getting k
1 1 3
P = Þ q =1- = successes is
4 4 4
lk
and P (x ³ 1) ³
9 P ( x = k ) = e -l
10 k!
9 Given mean (l) = 2
Þ 1 – P (x = 0) ³
10 P ( x ³ 2) = 1 - P ( x = 0) - P ( x = 1)
0 n
Þ æ1ö æ3ö 9 æ lö
1 - nC0 ç ÷ ç ÷ ³ = 1 - e-l - e-l ç ÷ = 1 - 3 .
è ø è ø
4 4 10 è 1!ø e2
n
9 æ 3ö (a) Given that mean = np = 4 and variance = npq = 2
Þ 1- ³ç ÷ 65.
10 è 4 ø
1
n Þ p=q= and n = 8
æ 3ö æ 1ö
Þ ç ÷ £ç ÷ 2
è 4ø è 10 ø 6 2
æ 1ö æ 1ö
Taking log at the base 3/4, on both sides, we get \ P(2 success) = 8C2 ç ÷ ç ÷
è 2ø è 2ø
æ3ö æ1ö
n log3/4 ç ÷ ³ log3/4 ç ÷ 28 28
è ø
4 è 10 ø = 8 =
2 256
- log10 10 -1 66. (b) P(E) = P ( 2 or 3 or 5 or 7)
Þ n ³ - log 3/4 10 = =
æ 3ö log10 - log10 4
3 = 0.23 + 0.12 + 0.20 + 0.07 = 0.62
log10 ç ÷
è 4ø
P ( F ) = P (1 or 2 or 3) = 0.15 + 0.23 + 0.12 = 0.50
1
Þ n³ P ( E Ç F ) = P(2 or 3) = 0.23 + 0.12 = 0.35
log10 4 - log10 3
We know that
62. (b) The sample space of pair of fair dice is thrown,
P ( EUF ) = P ( E ) + P ( F ) - P ( E Ç F )
S = (1, 1), (1, 2) (1, 3) .... = 36
= 0.62 + 0.50 - 0.35 = 0.77
Sum 9 are (5, 4), (4, 5), (6, 3), (3, 6)
67. (b) Given that np = 4 and
4 1
P(score 9) = = 1 1
36 9 npq = 2 Þ q = , p = ,n = 8
2 2
Number of trial = 3 7
æ 1 ö æ 1ö 1 1 1
\ Probability of getting score 9 exactly twice P( X = 1) = 8C1 ç ÷ ç ÷ = 8. 8 = 5 =
è 2 ø è 2ø 2 2 32
2 68. (d) The experiment follows binomial distribution with
æ 1ö æ 1ö
= 3C2 × ç ÷ . ç1 - ÷ = 3! ´ 1 ´ 1 ´ 8 n = 5, p = 3/6 = 1/2.
è 9ø è 9ø 2! 9 9 9
q = 1 – p = 1/2.;
3.2! 1 1 8 8
= ´ ´ ´ = \ Variance = npq = 5/4.
2! 9 9 9 243
63. (d) From poission distribution
e-m mr
P( X = r ) =
r!

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