VMware Interview Questions

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Table of contents

1.
About VMware
2.
VMware Interview Questions for Freshers
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2.1.
1. What does VMware refer to?
2.2.
2. What is the primary purpose of using virtual
machines?
2.3.
3. What is Virtualization, and why is it important?
2.4.
4. Explain different types of Virtualization.
2.5.
5. What is the server software provided by
VMware?
2.6.
6. What are the core elements of the VMkernel
networking layer?
2.7.
7. What is Hypervisor? Name its types.
2.8.
8. What do you mean by NFS and VMFS?
2.9.
9. Can you name some VMware products?

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2.10.
10. Which components constitute the VMware
infrastructure?
2.11.
11. What is a ".vmdk" file?
2.12.
12. What is ESXi?
2.13.
13. What do you mean by Port-group?
2.14.
14. What do you mean by Cluster?
2.15.
15. What is the concept of vMotion?
3.
VMware Interview Questions for
Intermediate
3.1.
16. What do you mean by iSCSI storage?
3.2.
17. What are the "port-groups" that are
configured in ESXi networking?

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3.3.
18. What do you mean by VVol?
3.4.
19. What do you mean by Cold Migration and
Hot Migration?
3.5.
20. Explain type 1 and type 2 hypervisors.
3.6.
21. What is the main advantage of a Virtual
Machine running under a type 1 hypervisor over
a type 2 hypervisor?
3.7.
22. What is RDM?
3.8.
23. Explain the clone and template in VMware.
3.9.
24. Explain VMware HA and Vmware FT.
3.10.
25. What is meant by virtual monitoring?
3.11.

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 26. How does NFS differ from VMFS data-
stores?
3.12.
27. What is the functionality of multipathing?
3.13.
28. Differentiate between VMware HA and
VMware FT.
4.
VMware Interview Questions for
Experienced
4.1.
29. What do you mean by FT logging traffic?
4.2.
30. Differentiate between vSphere and vCenter.
4.3.
31. Will the Fault Tolerance feature work in case
the vCenter Server has gone down?
4.4.
32. What is the usage of vMotion?
4.5.
33. What will happen in case of failure of
vMotion?
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4.6.
34. What do you mean by Promiscuous mode?
4.7.
35. Why are snapshots important in VMware?
4.8.
36. What do you mean by VDI?
4.9.
37. What is vCloud Suite?
4.10.
38. What does disable storage DRS for this
virtual machine mean?
4.11.
39. How many CPUs can be used for a VM in FT
in vSphere 7.0?
4.12.
40. What is the use of VMware Workstation?
5.
Tips to Prepare for VMware Interview
6.
VMware MCQs

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6.1.
41. What is the primary function of VMware
vSphere?
6.2.
42. Which VMware product is used for managing
multiple ESXi hosts and VMs?
6.3.
43. What is the role of VMware ESXi in a virtual
environment?
6.4.
44. Which feature of VMware helps in balancing
workloads across hosts?
6.5.
45. What does VMware vMotion do?
6.6.
46. In VMware, what is a datastore?
6.7.
47. What is VMware vSAN used for?
6.8.
48. Which of the following is a key feature of
VMware NSX?
6.9.
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 49. What is the purpose of VMware’s High
Availability (HA) feature?
6.10.
50. Which tool would you use to automate the
deployment of VMware environments?
7.
Conclusion
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About VMware
VMware, Inc. is an American cloud computing and virtualization technology business. Its
corporate headquarters are in Palo Alto, California. The x86 architecture was first
successfully virtualized by VMware. Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS all support
VMware's desktop applications.

8/23
Preparing for a VMware interview? Boost your chances of success with these essential
tips and commonly asked VMware interview questions.

VMware Interview Questions for Freshers

1. What does VMware refer to?

VMware is a company that specializes in virtualization and cloud computing technologies.

It provides a range of products and solutions designed to help organizations manage their
IT infrastructure more efficiently and effectively. VMware's primary focus is on
virtualization, which is the process of creating virtual instances of physical hardware or
software components. This enables multiple operating systems or applications to run on a
single physical machine, leading to improved resource utilization and reduced hardware
costs.

2. What is the primary purpose of using virtual machines?

The primary purpose of virtual machines (VMs) is to enable the efficient utilization of
physical hardware resources by creating multiple isolated and independent virtual
instances of a computer system on a single physical machine. VMs allow different
operating systems (OS) and applications to coexist on the same hardware. VMs are the
foundation for cloud computing, enabling cloud providers to offer virtualized resources to
users.

3. What is Virtualization, and why is it important?

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Virtualization is a process in which you can create a virtual version of a physical device,
such as a storage device, network device, or Server on a physical host. You can operate
several virtual machines or VMs and multiple operating systems and applications on a
single server or machine known as an ESXi or ESX integrated host. It has many
advantages, which are as follows:

It helps increase IT agility, scalability, and flexibility while reducing the price.

It increases workload mobility as well as performance.

It also increases the availability of resources.

It helps in the automation of operations, which saves time.

It simplifies IT management and makes it less expensive to operate.

4. Explain different types of Virtualization.

Virtualization allows your organization to run multiple processes at once with minimum
physical infrastructure, leading to good efficiency and cost savings. VMware helps in the
management of different types of virtualizations, each of which has different uses.

Following are the types of Virtualization:

1. Server Virtualization: A type of Virtualization in which many virtual machines or

VMs run on a single physical server. Some well-known providers of Server
Virtualization are vSphere, XenServer, and Hyper-V.
2. Network Virtualization: It combines all the physical network components into a
single virtual network. The virtual network comprises switches, VLANs, NICs,
network storage devices, and network media. This Virtualization eliminates physical
network device dependency. Its example is VMware NSX.
3. Desktop Virtualization is also known as OS virtualization or VDI (Virtual Desktop
Infrastructure). Desktop virtualization is a process that allows you to run and deploy
multiple virtual Operating Systems on a physical server. The users can access their
virtual desktops from anywhere because it is present on a remote server. Examples
are VMware Horizon View, Citrix Xen Desktop, etc.
4. Application Virtualization: It is the process of Virtualization as well as hosting of
applications on a server so that end users can access them on their devices such
as computers or laptops, smartphones, and tablets. Examples include VMware
ThinApp, Citric XenApp, etc.
5. Storage Virtualization: You can combine multiple network storage devices into a
single storage device/array using storage virtualization. It is done by pooling their
physical storage. Its example is vSAN.

5. What is the server software provided by VMware?

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VMware offers us with:

VMware ESX Server,

VMware ESXi Server, and
VMware Server.

6. What are the core elements of the VMkernel networking layer?

VMkernel networking allows the vSphere to interact with the outside environment. It is
made up of four core elements, which are as follows:

1. Virtual SAN,
2. Science storage,
3. Fault Tolerance, and
4. VMotion.

7. What is Hypervisor? Name its types.

Hypervisors are also known as VM monitors or VMMs. Hypervisors are software that
helps in creating and running virtual machines or VMs. It also helps in managing and
allocating resources to the VMs. By sharing the resources such as memory and
processing in virtual ways, a host can run multiple guest Virtual Machines. The main
feature of a hypervisor is that it helps several virtual machines or VMs to run on a single
physical machine.

Hypervisors help in reducing the following things:

Space efficiency,

Server maintenance requirements,

Energy usage.

Following are the types of Hypervisor:

1. Type-1 Hypervisor: It is also known as Bare Metal or Native Hypervisor.

2. Type-2 Hypervisor: It is also known as Hosted Hypervisor.

8. What do you mean by NFS and VMFS?

NFS stands for Network File System. This file-sharing protocol is used by ESXi hosts to
share files with NAS devices. Network-connected storage units, like NAS, give ESXi
hosts access to files.

VMFS stands for Virtual Machine File System. Virtual machine files are kept in a block-
level file system in VMware vSphere. It can also hold huge files up to 64TB in size in
vSphere 6.0.

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9. Can you name some VMware products?

VMware has offered many products. Some of the examples are as follows:

VMware Mirage,

VMware Photon Platform,

VMware Thinapp,

VMware Pivotal Container,

VMware vCloud NFV,

VMware vRealize,

VMware vCloud NFV OpenStack,

VMware vRealize Operations.

10. Which components constitute the VMware infrastructure?

The primary components of VMware infrastructure include:

VMware ESX Server

VirtualCenter Server
VMware Infrastructure Client (VI Client)
VMware Infrastructure Web Access (VI Web Access)
VMware Virtual Machine File System (VMFS)
VMware Virtual Symmetric Multi-Processing (SMP)
VMware VMotion and VMware Storage VMotion
VMware High Availability (HA)
VMware Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS)
VMware Consolidated Backup (Consolidated Backup)
VMware Infrastructure SDK

11. What is a ".vmdk" file?

Virtual Machine Disk (VMDK) is an open file format by VMware that stores the content of
virtual hard disks. In vSphere 5.5 and later versions, it can be up to 62 TB in size.
Previously, VMware products used the extension .dsk to store content, data, or virtual
disk files.

12. What is ESXi?

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ESXi (Elastic Sky X Integrated) is a virtualization platform created by VMware for
installing and managing virtual machines. ESXi was formerly known as ESX. You have an
extremely safe OS architecture with ESXi that consists of crucial OS elements like the
Kernel. It is the best option in terms of performance, efficiency, and reliability. ESXi splits
hardware by directly accessing and managing underlying resources, consolidating
applications and lowering expenses. It is a hypervisor that works by using bare-metal
virtualization technology.

13. What do you mean by Port-group?

Port groups are collections of virtual ports on the virtual switch. By combining numerous
ports into a single configuration, the port group generally offers a reliable anchor point for
virtual machines linked to labeled networks. Every port group has a network label
assigned to it that is specific to the host. Each member of the port group shares, for
instance, the VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) tags.

14. What do you mean by Cluster?

The term "cluster" in the context of VMware refers to a logical collection of various ESXi
hosts. It enables the addition and deletion of hosts from clusters. The Cluster offers HA
and DRS as well.

15. What is the concept of vMotion?

vMotion is a technology introduced by VMware that allows for the live migration of running
virtual machines (VMs) between physical hosts without any downtime or disruption to the
VM's operation. This technology is a key component of VMware's vSphere virtualization
platform and is designed to enhance flexibility, resource optimization, and availability
within data centers. It is used for various purposes such as load balancing across hosts,
hardware maintenance without affecting service availability, and optimizing resource
utilization by reallocating VMs based on changing workload demands.

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VMware Interview Questions for Intermediate

16. What do you mean by iSCSI storage?

iSCSI SANs typically include an iSCSI storage system that contains one or more storage
processors. ESXi hosts are configured with an iSCSI initiator, and communication
between the host and array takes place over the TCP/IP protocol. Either hardware or
software is used in such an initiator. The software-based initiators are referred to as iSCSI
software initiators, whereas the hardware-based ones can be dependent or independent.

17. What are the "port-groups" that are configured in ESXi networking?

The following are the three main "port groups" configured in ESXi networking:

1. Service Console Port Group: These are used for Service Console
Communications.
2. Virtual Machine Port Group: These are used for Virtual Machine Networks.
3. VMKernel Port Group: These are used for vMotion, iSCSI, and NFS (Network File
System) Communications.

18. What do you mean by VVol?

For managing virtual discs, vSphere 6.0 provides the concept of Virtual Volume,
commonly known as VVol. VVol is automatically created each time a virtual disc is
created in a virtual environment. It makes array-based operations possible at the level of

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the virtual disc.

19. What do you mean by Cold Migration and Hot Migration?

Cold migration involves moving a powered-off virtual machine, complete with its
configuration and data, from one host to another. VM migration can be done either
manually or automatically by setting up a scheduled operation.

Hot migration is the process of moving a running virtual machine or VM from one host to
another. Since the VM doesn't need to be shut down, it is sometimes referred to as live
migration.

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20. Explain type 1 and type 2 hypervisors.

Type-1 Hypervisor: It acts as a lightweight OS and runs directly on the host

system. A base server OS is not required, and direct hardware access is available.
Its example includes VMware ESXi, Citrix XenServer, etc.

Type-2 Hypervisor: It cannot run directly on the underlying host system but can run
as an application layer on a host system, similar to other computer programs. Its
example includes VMware player or parallel desktop, VMware Server, etc.

21. What is the main advantage of a Virtual Machine running under a type
1 hypervisor over a type 2 hypervisor?
The following are the advantages of using Type-1 over Type-2 Hypervisor:

1. Type-1 hypervisors, compared to type-2 hypervisors, are more secure to use as

they are independent of the underlying OS.
2. This reliance also reduces the type 2 server's effectiveness, performance, and
speed.
3. A type-1 hypervisor will therefore offer you greater protection in the event of an
attack than a type-2 hypervisor.

22. What is RDM?

The Raw Device Mapping (RDM) files are part of VMFS. They serve as stand-ins for raw
physical devices. Virtual machines (VMs) running VMware can directly access logical unit
numbers (LUNs) thanks to this capability. As a result, there is no longer a necessity for
the virtual machine file system (VMFS), as the LUN can be formatted using any file
system, such as NTFS (New Technology File System). SAN (Storage Area Network)

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snapshots, VM-to-VM, and physical-to-VM cluster arrangements are all often
advantageous. But it has some restrictions, such as the incapacity to map disc partitions
and perhaps the incapacity to support direct-attached block devices.

23. Explain the clone and template in VMware.

VMware clone: This is an exact replica of a virtual machine (referred to as the parent VM
because it is the one from which you produced the clone). However, the MAC addresses
and UUIDs for the parent and cloned VMs will be different. No modifications made to the
cloned VM will have an effect on the parent VM or original VM and vice versa.

VMware template is a golden image or master copy of a VM or virtual machine that can
create and provision virtual machines. It can later be used to create several clones.

24. Explain VMware HA and Vmware FT.

VMware HA (High availability): It typically operates at the Cluster Level. VMware HA

offers high availability for VMs by grouping together VMs and the servers they are located
on into a cluster. VMs currently running on a failing host must be restarted on different
hosts.

VMware FT (Fault Tolerance): It typically operates at the VM level. When the ESXi host
cannot offer continuous availability of VMs, a secondary VM identical to the original is
produced, maintained, and ready to take its place. A VM's whole copy is created,
including all of its storage, processing, and memory. It is advised to use a 10GB NIC
when configuring FT.

25. What is meant by virtual monitoring?

Virtual monitoring, also known as virtualization monitoring or virtual machine monitoring,

refers to the process of monitoring and managing virtualized environments, including
virtual machines (VMs), virtual servers, and other virtualized components. Virtual
monitoring tools and solutions are used to gain insights into the performance, health, and
utilization of virtualized resources within data centers or cloud environments.

26. How does NFS differ from VMFS data-stores?

The following are some crucial differences between NFS and VMFS data-stores:-

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 Difference NFS VMFS

NFS is a file-level protocol that VMFS is a block-level file system

Storage enables remote access to files designed for virtual machine disk
Protocol over a network. files.

It operates at the application VMFS operates at the storage

Communication layer of the network stack using layer and creates a dedicated file
Layer the NFS protocol. system on storage.

NFS storage can be shared VMFS datastores are typically

among multiple hosts, allowing associated with specific hosts or
Accessibility collaboration. host clusters.

NFS may have lower VMFS is optimized for virtual

performance due to the nature machine I/O operations, providing
Performance of file-level interactions. better performance.

Setting up NFS is relatively VMFS setup requires careful

Setup simple, and it can work with configuration to ensure proper
Complexity standard networking. host integration.

NFS may have limited VMFS is scalable when properly

scalability for high-demand designed to handle growing
Scalability environments. virtualization needs.

27. What is the functionality of multipathing?

Multipathing is a technology used to manage and optimize the connections between ESXi
hosts (virtualization servers) and the underlying storage arrays. This technology
enhances the reliability, availability, and performance of storage for VMs. In a VMware
environment, each ESXi host typically has multiple physical connections (paths) to the
storage arrays. Multipathing ensures that there are redundant paths between the ESXi
hosts and the storage devices. If one path fails due to a hardware issue or connectivity
problem, VMs can continue accessing storage through alternate paths, minimizing
downtime and ensuring high availability.

28. Differentiate between VMware HA and VMware FT.

The main differences between VMware HA and VMware FT are as follows:

1. VMware FT is enabled per VM, but VMware HA is enabled per Cluster.

2. While VMware FT operates at the VM level, VMware HA operates at the cluster
level.
3. An FT system can activate the second copy in case of the loss of the primary host,
while a HA system can restart and power on VMs on another host in the event of a
failure. It minimizes downtime by offering quick backup and continuous availability.

VMware Interview Questions for Experienced

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29. What do you mean by FT logging traffic?

The second network need for VMware FT is fault tolerance logging traffic. Fault Tolerance
employs FT logging for ongoing data synchronization between primary and secondary
VMs. This is a connection type that the VMkernel uses to transfer nondeterministic events
from primary to secondary VMs.

30. Differentiate between vSphere and vCenter.

VMware vSphere: VMware vSphere is an enterprise-scale virtualization technology that

allows you to create a solid and durable infrastructure to accommodate practically any
business need while keeping costs down. Vsphere enhances the infrastructure of data
centers with crucial capabilities that can eliminate maintenance and storage downtime
and planned outages.

VMware vCenter: VMware vCenter is a centralized platform for managing virtual

infrastructure. You can manage all of your hosts and virtual machines from a single
console, improving visibility and reducing mistakes. vCenter Server enables you to
streamline daily duties and routine operations even when managing a large-scale
infrastructure. This feature allows you to have a thorough grasp of the configuration of
your environment.

31. Will the Fault Tolerance feature work in case the vCenter Server has
gone down?

Only the vCenter Server can enable fault tolerance on a virtual machine. Once
configured, FT does not require vCenter to be online. Due to this, if vCenter is down,
there won't be any FT failures between the primary and secondary.

32. What is the usage of vMotion?

You can move already running virtual machines from one ESX host to another using
VMware's VMotion technology without affecting their functionality or availability. Zero
downtime, continuous service availability, and total transaction integrity are maintained
during this process. The development of a dynamic, automated, self-optimizing data
center and the excellent flexibility it offers for virtual environments are both made possible
by vMotion technology. Make sure that the cloud provider complies with the necessary
hardware and software standards. If powered-off VMs are transferred, the compatibility
requirements are decreased.

33. What will happen in case of failure of vMotion?

If the target host does not have adequate memory, vMotion will not migrate the virtual
machine. Either relocating the virtual machine to another ESXi host with guaranteed
memory or lowering the virtual machine's memory reservation can fix this.

34. What do you mean by Promiscuous mode?

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A promiscuous mode is a network security, monitoring, and administration method that
enables every network adapter set up on a host system to view all network data packets.
In vSphere ESX/ESXi, you can declare it at the virtual switch or at the port group level.
Promiscuous mode is essentially a technique for sniffing (observing) network data. Accept
or reject are the two options available. If the promiscuous mode is on "accept," all
communication will be visible to all virtual computers.

35. Why are snapshots important in VMware?

VMware snapshots help you to save a VM's current state quickly and efficiently before
making changes. When you are updating or installing software, a snapshot is made. y
preserving the virtual machine's present state in VMware snapshots, it is possible to
swiftly return the system to the intended condition after testing. A snapshot should be
deleted after a certain job is finished to enhance performance.

36. What do you mean by VDI?

VDI stands for Virtual Desktop Infrastructure. It helps users host a desktop operating
system (OS) on a server and access Virtual Machine-based desktops remotely from
different locations. VDI is a type of IaaS or Infrastructure as a Service that can be run in a
private cloud or public cloud. When Virtual Desktop Infrastructure is used, the end-user
can easily access their desktops via a device which is known as a thin client.

37. What is vCloud Suite?

vCloud Suite is said to be an enterprise-grade cloud and management solution. It is a set

of multiple VMware components that you can use to build and provide a fully integrated
cloud infrastructure that includes Virtualization, disaster recovery, application
management, software-defined data center services, etc.

38. What does disable storage DRS for this virtual machine mean?

Storage DRS is a feature in VMware vSphere that automates the management of storage
resources within a cluster of ESXi hosts. It monitors storage usage and performance, and
it can automatically balance the storage load by migrating VM disks between data stores
within the same cluster. When you disable it, you need to manage the placement and
distribution of VM disks across data stores manually, which might involve moving VM
disks between data stores to balance storage usage and performance, and storage DRS
won't perform automatic load balancing for the VM's storage disks. If the data stores the
VM uses become imbalanced in capacity or performance, you'll need to address these
imbalances manually.

39. How many CPUs can be used for a VM in FT in vSphere 7.0?

In VMware vSphere 7.0, Fault Tolerance (FT) provides continuous availability for virtual
machines (VMs) by creating a real-time replica of a VM on another host. vSphere 7.0
supports Fault Tolerance with the following CPU configuration - Each virtual machine

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(primary VM) in a Fault Tolerance pair can have up to 4 vCPUs (virtual CPUs). This
means that you can create a Fault Tolerance pair where the primary VM has up to 4
vCPUs, and its replica VM (secondary VM) will also have the same number of vCPUs.

40. What is the use of VMware Workstation?

VMware Workstation is a software application that allows users to run multiple OS or

operating systems on the same host machine. Virtual machines or VMs can run one
instance of any operating system, such as Linux, Microsoft, etc.

The following are three main reasons why the VMware workstation is useful:

1. It allows the user to run multiple operating systems or OS on the same host
computer.
2. It helps in saving the current OS configuration as virtual machines.
3. You can work across many different Operating Systems without switching.

Tips to Prepare for VMware Interview

Understand VMware Products: Familiarize yourself with VMware's core products
like vSphere, vCenter, and NSX. Know their functionalities, use cases, and how
they integrate into virtualized environments.

Master Virtualization Concepts: Be well-versed in virtualization concepts,

including virtual machines, hypervisors, and storage virtualization. Understand how
VMware products leverage these technologies.

Hands-On Practice: Set up a home lab or use VMware Hands-on Labs to gain
practical experience. Practice tasks like setting up virtual machines, managing
virtual networks, and configuring storage.

Review Common Scenarios: Prepare for scenario-based questions that assess

your problem-solving skills. Review how to troubleshoot common issues in VMware
environments.

Study VMware Documentation: Go through VMware’s official documentation and

whitepapers. This will help you understand best practices and advanced features.

Brush Up on Networking: A strong understanding of networking concepts, such as

VLANs, DNS, and IP addressing, is crucial since VMware products often interact
with network infrastructure.

Prepare for Behavioral Questions: Be ready to answer behavioral questions that

assess your teamwork, leadership, and problem-solving abilities in a professional
setting.

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VMware MCQs

41. What is the primary function of VMware vSphere?

a) Desktop virtualization
b) Server virtualization
c) Network virtualization
d) Application virtualization

Answer: b) Server virtualization

42. Which VMware product is used for managing multiple ESXi hosts and
VMs?

a) vSphere
b) vCenter Server
c) NSX
d) vSAN

Answer: b) vCenter Server

43. What is the role of VMware ESXi in a virtual environment?

a) Acts as a hypervisor to create and manage VMs

b) Manages storage resources
c) Provides networking functionalities
d) Enables disaster recovery

Answer: a) Acts as a hypervisor to create and manage VMs

44. Which feature of VMware helps in balancing workloads across hosts?

a) DRS (Distributed Resource Scheduler)

b) vMotion
c) Storage vMotion
d) High Availability (HA)

Answer: a) DRS (Distributed Resource Scheduler)

45. What does VMware vMotion do?

a) Moves a running VM from one host to another

b) Converts a physical machine into a virtual machine
c) Manages snapshots
d) Creates backups of VMs

Answer: a) Moves a running VM from one host to another

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46. In VMware, what is a datastore?

a) A virtual machine's operating system

b) A storage location for VM files
c) A network switch for VMs
d) A configuration file for ESXi hosts

Answer: b) A storage location for VM files

47. What is VMware vSAN used for?

a) Network virtualization
b) Storage virtualization
c) Application virtualization
d) Backup and recovery

Answer: b) Storage virtualization

48. Which of the following is a key feature of VMware NSX?

a) Software-defined networking
b) Virtual machine backup
c) Application performance monitoring
d) Storage replication

Answer: a) Software-defined networking

49. What is the purpose of VMware’s High Availability (HA) feature?

a) To provide continuous availability by automatically restarting VMs on another host in

case of a failure
b) To perform regular backups of VMs
c) To optimize VM performance
d) To manage network traffic

Answer: a) To provide continuous availability by automatically restarting VMs on another

host in case of a failure

50. Which tool would you use to automate the deployment of VMware
environments?

a) VMware Orchestrator
b) VMware Converter
c) VMware Workstation
d) VMware Fusion

Answer: a) VMware Orchestrator

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Conclusion
In this article, we covered the top VMware interview questions, including the most
commonly asked ones. The questions span from basic to intermediate and advanced
levels, providing a well-rounded preparation for your VMware interview.

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