SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

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SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPPINES

#938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City

College of Engineering and Architecture Department of Electronics Engineering

FINAL PROJECT

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements Needed for the completion of the subject Advanced Engineering Mathematics for ECE (EC353)

Submitted By: Agustin, John Christopher V. Arrobang, Ma. Bernadette T. Moreno, Kendrick Kent L. Susbilla, Mark Anthony F.

Submitted To: Engr. Armil S. Monsura

Instructor

March 18, 2011 Page

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SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

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SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

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SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

UNIT 1

COMPLEX NUMBERS

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SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Example 1.1
Let z 8 j3 and z 9 j2 (b) The imaginary part of z1 and z2. (d) The product z1 z2

Find:

(c) The sum z1 Solutions:

(a) The real part of z1 and z2. z2. (a) The following are the real part of z and z

(b) The following are the imaginary part of z and z

Re (z ) Re (z )

8 9

Im (z ) Im (z )

3 2

(c) Using the general rule for addition of complex numbers, z z z z (x (8 z x ) 9)

(d) Using the general rule for multiplication of complex numbers, z z z z (8)(9) (3)( 2) z z (x x y y ) j (8)( 2) j11 j (x y

17

j(3 j

j(y

2)

y )

x y )

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78

(9)(3) )

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Example 1.2
Let z 8 j3 and z 9 j2. (b) The quotient

Find:

(a) The difference z z Solutions:

(a) Using the general rule for subtraction of complex numbers, z z z z (x (8 x ) 9) j(y j5 j(3 2) y )

(b) Using the general rule for division of complex numbers, z z z z 8(9) 9 x x x (2)(3) 2 66 85 y y y j x y x 9(3) 9

x y y

z z

43 85

8(2) 2

Drill Problem 1.1

Direction: For items 1 to 9, let z the rectangular form x 1.) (5z 3z ) 2 jy): j3 and z 4 j5. Showing the details of your work (in

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SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Solution:

First, substitute the values for z (5z (5z

3z )

3z )

5(2 10

j3 and, z j15 j3)

3(4 12

4 j5 then perform it algebraically j15 j5)

(5z 2.) z z Solution:

(5z

3z )

3z )

484

22

Using the general rule for complex conjugate defined as z we can use FOIL method z z z z 8 z z (2 For z 2 j3 and z 4

To find z z

j5

jy ,

z z

j10

j3) (4 j5) j12 j2 j12

15

j 15 j10

3.) Re

23

Solution :

Substituting the value of z

Get the square of z

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1 z

2 (2

j3 to

j3 by using FOIL method

1 j3)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1 z 1 j3)(2

1 z

(2 4 4

1 z

1 j6 j6

j3) j 9

After getting the simplified form of Z , we can now multiply it by the complex conjugate of the denominator By cross multiplication, Since j2
1 z 1 z 5 1 j12

1 z

1 9 j12 1 j12 5 5

-1, we can now simplify the denominator

1 z 1 z 5 j12 25 144 5 j12 169

25

j60

j12 j60 j2 144

j12 j12

Therefore,

Re

1 z

5 169

4.) Re (z ) , Re (z ) Solution: Re (z ) Since z 4 j5 we can get z z z 16 (4 by FOIL method j20 Page j5) j 25

j20

j5) (4

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SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Since z

Re (z )

Re (z )

16

9 j40 9

25

j40

4 j5 , therefore Re (z ) Re (z ) Re (z ) 4 16

5.)

Solution:

Multiply both the numerator and the denominator by the complex conjugate of the denominator which is 2 j3
z z z z 8 4 2 j10 j12 j 15 j6 j6 j 9 15 j10 4 9 j5 2 j3 2 j3 j3

z z

4 2

j5 j3

z z

Therefore,

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10

z z

z z

7 13

j22 13 j

j12

22 33

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

6.)

Solution: Since

Multiplying the numerator and the denominator by the denominators complex conjugate, we have,
z z z z 8 j12 j10 j 15 16 j20 j20 j 25 z z z z 8 15 j22 16 25 2 4 j3 4 j5 4 j5 j5

j3

and

j5

z z

Therefore,

j22 41

7.) (4z

Solution:

z )

7 41

22 41

Substitute the values for Z1 and Z2 in the expression then solve it algebraically (4z (4z z ) z ) (8 4(2 j12 (4 j3) 4 (4 j5) j5)

(4z

z )

16

j68

j68

j 289 Final answers are shaded in green.

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Performing binomial expansion, (4z z )

j17)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Therefore

(4z

(4z

z )

z )

16

273

289

j136

j136

8.)

Solution: Since

Multiplying the numerator and the denominator by the denominators complex conjugate, we have z z 2 2 j3 2 j3 2 j3 j3

j3

and

j3

z z

z z

4 4

Therefore

z z z z

j6 j6

9 j12 4 9 5 13 j12

j6 j6

j 9 j 9

5 13

12 13

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Multiplying the numerator and the denominator by the denominators complex conjugate, we have

12

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

z z 2 2 j3 2 j3 2 j6 j6 j3 j3

z z

z z

4 4

Therefore 9.)

z z

z z

j6 j6

9 j12 4 9 13 j12 j

j 9 j 9

5 13

12 13

Solution:

For the numerator: Perform addition of complex numbers z z z z 2 j3 6 j2 4 4 j5

For the denominator: Perform subtraction of complex numbers z z z z 2 j3 2 j8 j5

Substituting the values that we have in performing the addition and subtraction of complex number to the expression and multiplying the numerator and the denominator by the denominators complex conjugate, we have z z z z z z z z 12 j4 j48 j 16 4 j16 j16 j 64 12 16 j48 4 64 j4 6 j2 2 j8 2 2 j8 j8

z z

z z

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SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

z z z z z z z z 28 j44 68 7 17 j 11 17

Therefore

Direction: For items 10 to 13, let z 10.) Im(z ), Im(z) Solution:

jy. Find the rectangular form.

Im(z ) z z

z z

(x

(x

Grouping like terms, z x

(x

y )x xy

(x

(x

j2xy y y )

jy) (x

jy

j2xy)(x (x

j y )(x

jy)

j2x y 2xy

j2xy (x

jy)

jy)

y )jy y(x

jy)

j 2xy y )

Therefore

j 2x y 3x y y

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since Im(z)

14

Im(z)

Im(z ) jy

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Im(z) (jy) y y

Im(z) 11.) Re

Im(z)

Solution:

Multiply the numerator and the denominator by the denominators complex conjugate, we have 1 z 1 z x x jy jxy jxy x x x x jy j y jy y x 1 x jy x jy jy

Since z

jy

1 z 1 z

x 1 z

j y

Therefore

jy

Re

12.) Im (1

Solution:

j) z

1 z

jxy

jxy

j y

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Perform first z by binomial expansion (x jy)(x jy)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

z Then, Im (z ) x 2xy j2xy j y y

j2xy

Dealing with (1 j) , we can say that it is just equal to (1 of laws of exponents, so we have: (1 j) (1 j) j

j)

in terms

(1

(1

j)

(1

j)

(1 1

(1

(1

(1

j)

(1

j)

j)

j)

j)(1 1

Multiplying the answers that we have Im (1 Im (1 j) z j) z

(1

j)

(j) (2) 16

(j2)

j2

j2

j)

j)

(1)(16)

16 (2xy) 32xy

13.) Re

Solution:

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1 z

(x

16

jy)2

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Performing the operations,

1 z

1 z 1 z

1 z

(x

(x

1 1 1 1

jy)(x

jy)2

jy) j2 y2

x2

1 z

Multiply the numerator and the denominator by the denominators complex conjugate, we have 1 1 x2 y2 j2xy x4 x2 y2

x2

jyx

y2

jyx

j2xy

1 z

j2x3 y

x2

Well have

1 z
1 z x

x4

1 z

x4 x2

y4

y2

x2 x4 x2

x2

2x2 y2

x2 y2

j2xy x2 y2 y2 y2

j2x3 y

j2xy j2xy j2xy

y2

2x2 y2

y2

y4

2x2 y2

4x2 y2

j2x3 y y4

j2xy

j2x3 y

4x2 y2

x4

y4

2x2 y2 x (x

j2xy

y4 y y )

Re

x y 2x y

or Re

14.) Verify the following laws of conjugation

1 z

If Z

j3 and Z

j4 Final answers are shaded in green.

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17

(z

z )

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Solution:
(5 j3)

(z

Therefore (z z )
If Z

(2

j4)

z ) j

(5

j3)

(2

j4)

(z

5 (5

z z

z )

z
2

z
j4

is correct

j3 and Z j3)(2 j6 22 12

(z z )

10

j20

Therefore

10

j 12

j4)

(5

z z

15.) Show that j2

evaluate j2312 and its reciprocal j -2312 Solution: For j2

-1 , j3

-j , j4 1, and

(z z )

j14

j14 z z

10

j3)(2 j20 12 j14

22

10

j14

j6

j4)

j 12

-j ,

is correct. -1 ,

j,

1 . From the results of these

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( 1)

Since j

--1

( 1)( 1)

( 1)

Since j

For j3

-j

( 1)

Since j

For j4

1 1

( 1)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

For j

Getting the reciprocal of

Since j

1 -j

For

Since j2 1 1

-1

Since j2 1 j

For

-j

Getting the reciprocal 1 j . j j j j j

-j

Since j4 1 1

For

Since j2 1 j

-1

To evaluate j

and j

. We need to divide the exponent by 4 and if the results will be 0 2 1 then j then j then j 1 j 1

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19

then j

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

For j

Since there is no remainder, we can say that

For j j 1

2312 4

578

By laws of exponents, we can say that j j 1

since j

Therefore,

Example 1.3
For z 1 j, z 1 j and z 3 j33 find

(b) All possible arguments Solutions For z

(c) The plot of each one in complex plane

(a) The modulus r, the principal argument and express each in polar form.

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20

(a) The modulus r

(1)

(1)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

The principal argument

Expressing in polar form,

(b) All possible arguments (c) Graph in the complex plane

or

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SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

For z

(a) The modulus r

( 1)

The principal argument

( 1)

Arg z

Arg z

Arg z

tan

tan 4

y x

1 1

Since is directed angle from the positive axis to the terminal point z. Here, all angles are measured in the counter clockwise sense. Thus, Arg z 4 3 4 2 3 4

Expressing in polar form, z 2 cos

Arg z j sin

(b) All the possible arguments arg z

3 4

3 or z 4

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22

3 4

2n ( n

1, 2, )

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

(c) Graph in the complex plane

For

(a) The modulus r

The principal argument

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SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Expressing in polar form, (b) All the possible arguments

(c) Graph in the complex plane

Example 1.4
Given and

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24

(a) Find the product of form.

and the quotient

in rectangular form, without converting to polar

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

(b) Find the product z z and the quotient rectangular form Solutions: (a) Product by converting first to polar form, then back to

Perform distribution z z z z

( 2

Quotient

z z z z

j6

j2)(j3) 6 j 6 j6

Multiplying j3 to both numerator and denominator, we have z z z z z z 2 j2 j3 j6 j26 j 9 j6 j3 j3

2 j2 j3

Since, j

Therefore

(b) Convert z and z into their polar form Convert z first r x y

z z

2 3

2 3

( 2)

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SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

r 22

since all angles must be in counter Arg z 4 3 4

Arg z

Arg z

tan

tan

y x 2 2

clockwise sense,

Now, convert z

Arg z r

x r

y 3

3 y x 3 0

Arg z

Arg z

Arg z

tan

tan 2

Now that we have our values converted in polar form, let us get first the product of z and z z z r r cos( ) j sin( j sin ) 3 4 2 3 4 2

z z

22 (3) cos z z

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62 cos

5 4

j sin

5 4

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

2 2 2 2

z z

Then, we can also get the quotient of z and z z z z z 22 3 cos 3 4 z z z z r cos( r ) 2

z z

62

j6

j sin( j sin 2 2

22 2 3 2 2 3

2 3

3 4

Example 1.5
Direction: Evaluate the following, expressing the answer in rectangular form (a) (3 Solution: j4) z (3 j4)

z r

(3

j4) 4

First, get the magnitude and the principal argument r 3 5 4 3

0.93

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27

tan

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Using De Moivres Formula, z z

We can now substitute the values that we computed z (b) (1 j) 5 cos(3) 0.93 z 5 (cos 0.93 j sin 0.93 ) j43 j sin (3)0.93

r (cosn

jsin n)

117

Solution:

First, get the magnitude and the principal argument r r 1 2 4 1

(1

(1

j)

j)

Using De Moivres Formula, z z

tan

1 1

r (cosn 2 z

( cos

jsin n) 64 4

j sin

) 4

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SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Example 1.6
Find all the roots of the following in rectangular form and plot them (b) (a) Solutions: (a) j 5 j j12

Using De Moivres Formula z r

1st root

If k

0 we can obtain the 1st root 1 cos 2 2 2 (0) 2 2

cos

2k n

0, 1 j sin j 2 2 2 2 (0)

1st root

1st root

2nd root

If k

1 we can obtain the 2nd root 1 cos 2 2 2 (1) 2 2

2 2

2 2

j sin j

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2nd root

1(

2 ) 2

2 (1)

29

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Graph of the Roots:

(b)

If k

0 we can obtain 1st root

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SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

If k 1 we can obtain the 2nd root

Graphs of the roots

Drill Problems 1.2

Direction: For items 1 to 8, represent the following numbers in polar form. Show the details of your work. 1.) Solution: We must first obtain the magnitude and the principal argument

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31

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

r 32 tan 4

Since the formula to convert to polar form is z r(cos 4 j sin ) 4

tan

3 3

y x

We can substitute the values that we have in the equation z 32 cos j sin or z 32

2.) j2, j2 (a) j2

Solution: We must first obtain the magnitude and the principal argument r r (0) 4 r 2 (2)

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Since the formula to convert to polar form is z r (cos j sin )

tan

tan 2

2 0

y x

32

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

We can substitute the values that we have in the equation z 2 cos 2 j sin 2 or z 2 2

3.)

Solution:

We must first obtain the magnitude and the principal argument r r 25 r 5 tan tan ( 5) 0

Since the formula to convert to polar form is We can substitute the values that we have in the equation z 5(cos 0 j sin 0) or 5 z r (cos j sin ) r

y x 0 5

4.)

Solution:

We must first obtain the magnitude and the principal argument r 1 2 1 4

0.93

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33

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

tan

tan

1.004

1 4 1 2

y x

Since the formula to convert to polar form is We can substitute the values that we have in the equation z 0.93(cos 1.004 j sin 1.004) or z 0.93 1.004 z r(cos j sin ) r

5.)

Solution:

We must first obtain the magnitude and the principal argument For the numerator, 32 r j2 22 (2)

32

tan

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32

34

tan

y x

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

0.44
2 3

For the denominator, 2 j

22 3

2 3

We can now perform the division in polar form, z z z z 22 3 r r 0.44 2.70

tan

tan

2.70

2 3

y x

z z

Converting to its polar form, we can come up to

z z

22 3

2.26

3 cos( 2.26)

j sin( 2.26) or

z z

2.26

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SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

6.)

Solution:

We must first obtain the magnitude and the principal argument For the numerator, r 32 32

j2

For the denominator, 2 j

tan

tan

22

(2) y x

0.44

32

2 3

22 3 tan

2 3

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tan

2.70

2 3 2

y x

36

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Using the general equation for finding the equation for the division of complex numbers in polar form z z z z 22 22 3 r r 0.44 2.70 z z

Therefore z z

7.)

3 cos()

j sin() or

Solution:

We must first obtain the magnitude and the principal argument For the numerator, r r 6 j5

( 6)

tan

tan

61
1

y x

(5)

0.69

For the denominator, r r r (0)

2.45 9 3

5 6

(3)

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tan

y x

37

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Using the general equation for finding the equation for the division of complex numbers in polar form z z r r

tan

13

z z 8.)

61 cos (0.87) 3

z z

61 3

2.45

j sin(0.87) or

z z

61 3

0.87

Solution:

We must first obtain the magnitude and the principal argument For the numerator,

(2)

j3

13

(3)

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tan

tan 0.98

38

3 2

y x

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

For the denominator, r 5 r 25 (5)

j4

Using the general equation for finding the equation for the division of complex numbers in polar form z z r r

tan

tan

41

16 y x

(4)

0.67

14

For items 9 through 11, find all the roots of the given expression in rectangular form. Plot the roots in the complex plane. 9.) 1 Let z 1,

z z

cos(0.31)

z z

13 41

0.98

0.67 z z

j sin(0.31) or

533 41

0.31

We must first find the values for r and , r r x ( 1) y 0

Arg z

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39

Arg z

Arg z

tan

tan

y x

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

r 1

Using De Moivres formula, z

4,

0, 1, 2, & 3 j sin 2k n 2(0) 4

We can now find the first root, if k 0, 1st root

r cos

2k n

1st root

1 cos

For the second root, if k 2nd root 1,

1st root

cos

2(0) 4 2 2 4

j sin j 2 2

j sin 4

2nd root

1 cos

2nd root

cos

2(1) 4 3 4 2 2

j sin j

j sin

2 2

3 4

2(1) 4

For the third root, if k 3rd root 2, 1 cos 2(2) 4 5 4 2 2 j sin 2(2) 4

3rd root

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40

3rd root

cos

j sin

2 2

5 4

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

For the fourth root, if k 3,

Graph in the complex plane

10.)

Let

We must first find the values for r and ,

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41

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

r 5 Arg z 0.927295218

4,

0, 1, 2, & 3

0.927295218

Using De Moivres formula, z

We can now find the first root, 1st root if k 0, 5 cos

r cos

2k n

j sin

2k n

For the second root, 2nd root if k 1,

1st root

0.927295218 3

2(0)

1.628937

j0.5201745

j sin

0.927295218 3

2(0)

5 cos

For the third root, 3rd root if k 2,

2nd root

0.927295218 3

1.26495

2(1)

j1.1506

j sin

0.927295218 3

2(1)

5 cos

3rd root

0.927295218 3

2(2)

0.36398

j1.670788

j sin

0.927295218 3

2(2)

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SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Graph in the complex plane

11.)

Let

We must first find the values for r and ,

Using De Moivres formula,

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SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

We can now solve for the first root, if k 1st root 0 1 cos 0 2(0) 8 1 j sin 0 2(0) 8

1st root

For the second root, if k 2nd root 1,

1st root

(cos 0

j sin 0)

2nd root For the third root, if k 3rd root 2, 1 cos

2nd root

1 cos

2 2

cos

2(1) 8 4 j

2 2

j sin

j sin

2(1) 8

3rd root

For the fourth root, if k 4th root 3,

3rd root 0

cos

2(2) 8 2

j sin j

j sin 2

2(2) 8

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44

1 cos

2(3) 8

j sin

2(3) 8

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

4th root cos 3 4 j sin 2 2 3 4

For the fifth root, if k 5th root 4,

4th root

2 2

5th root

1 cos

5th root

(cos

2(4) 8 1

j sin )

j sin

2(4) 8

For the sixth root, if k 5, 6th root 1 cos 0 2(5) 8 2 2 5 4 j sin 0 2(5) 8

6th root

6th root

cos

j sin 2 2

5 4

For the seventh root, if k 7th root 6, 1 cos 0 cos 2(6) 8 3 2 j j sin 3 2 0 2(6) 8

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

45

7th root

7th root

j sin

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

For the eighth root, if k 7,

Graph in complex plane

the

For items 12 & 13, evaluate the following, expressing the final answers in rectangular form. 12.) Let We must first find the values for r and ,

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

46

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

r r 9 92 9 Arg z tan n 9 9

Using De Moivres formula, (9 j9) z 92

Arg z j sin n) 4 2 2 r

r (cos n

(9

(9

j9) (9

j9)

13.) ( 2

Let z

j6)

j9)

729 (2)

92

cos 3

j sin 3 j 2 2

1458

2 2

j1458

2 2

We must first find the values for r and , r r ( 2) x y 6

j6

Using De Moivres formula, ( 2 j6) 210 z

210

Arg z

Arg z

Arg z

6 2 1.249045772 tan

tan

y x

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

( 2

cos 2( 1.249045772) j6) 32 j24

r (cos n

j sin n)

j sin 2( 1.249045772)

47

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

For items 14 & 15, prove the following trigonometric identities using De Moivres formula. 14.) cos 2 15.) sin 2 Solution for numbers 14 and 15 where in n 2 cos sin 2 cos sin

Using the De Moivres formula, (cos j sin ) cos (cos j2 cos sin

j sin )

(cos sin ) j2 cos sin cos 2 j sin 2 Since in trigonometry, cosine is located at the x-axis where your x-axis (real axis) is considering only the real part of the equation, we can already say that: Also in trigonometry, sine is located at the y-axis where it is called imaginary axis because it only considering the imaginary part of the equation, therefore we can say that: sin 2 2 cos sin cos 2 cos sin

j sin

cos 2

cos n

cos 2

j sin 2

j sin n j sin 2

Example 1.7
Evaluate the following expressions, expressing answers in rectangular form. a.) cos(1 Solution: j) Using the trigonometric identity of sum of two angles of cosine,

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

48

cos(A

cos(1

B)

j)

cos A cos B cos 1 cos j

sin 1 sin j

sin A sin B

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Since,

cos j cos (1 j)

b.) sinh(4

Solution:

j3)

cos (1

j)

cos 1 cosh 1 0.8337

sin j

cosh 1 sinh j j sin 1 sinh 1

j 0.9889

Using the trigonometric identity of difference of two angles of hyperbolic sine, sinh(4 Since, sinh (A j3) B) sinh 4 cosh( j3) cos j sinh A cosh B cosh 4 sinh( j3) cosh A sinh B

sinh(4

sinh(4

j3)

sinh(4) cos( 3) j3)

sin j

cosh 1 sinh j

27.0168

j cosh(4) sin( 3) j 3.8537

Example 1.8
Evaluate the following logarithms, expressing the answers in rectangular form. a.) ln 1, Ln 1 Solution:

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

49

ln 1

Since it doesnt consider the principal argument, we will use the equation

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

ln z x y ln r j j2n 0

Let z

1 1 ln 1

1 ln 1

0 ln 1 j(0)

Arg z

Ln 1

0 j2n ; n

0,1,2,

j2n

Since it consider the principal argument, we will use the equation Let z 1 Ln z ln|z| j Arg z

Arg z

Ln 1

Ln 1

ln 1 ln 1

j(0)

j(0)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

50

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

b.) ln(3 j4) , Ln (3 ln(3 j4) j4)

Solution:

Since it doesnt consider the principal argument, we will use the equation Let z 3 5 j4 ln z ln r j j2n

( 4) j4) ln 5

Ln (3

Since it consider the principal argument, we will use the equation Let z r r 3 x j4 y Ln z ln|z| Arg z j Arg z tan

j4)

ln(3

ln(3

j4)

1.609

j 0.927

j( 0.927295)

Arg z

Arg z

Arg z

tan

tan

j2n ; n

j2n

0.927295

y x

0,1,2,

( 4) Ln(3 j4) ln 5

Arg z

Arg z

Ln(3

j4)

1.609

j( 0.927295) j 0.927

tan

0.927295

4 3

Example 1.9
Evaluate the following, expressing the answers in rectangular form. a.) j Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

51

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Solution:

The general power of a complex number z formula, z e Let z j

jy are defined by the c j y x 1 0

We must first solve for the value of r and r x y 1 ln r

and

0 1 r

Arg z

Arg z

Then solve for ln z

Therefore,

j j2n ln j ln 1 j j2n 2 ln j j j2n 2

ln z

tan

tan

b.) (1

j)(

Using the general power for a complex number, r r Let z x y 1 j and c Arg z 4 2

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

Arg z

tan

tan

1 1

52

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Solve for the value of ln z, ln(1 (1 j)(
)

ln z

Then, (1 Since

j) z

ln r

ln 2 e

j2n 4

j2n

(1

j)(

j)(

e j sin

e (1 (1 j)( j)(
) ) ) ) )

cos

cos 2

j sin 2 cos ln 2 j sin ln 2

2e 2e

cos

j sin

(1

(1

(1

j)(

j)(

j)(

2e

2e

2e

j cos ln 2 j cos ln 2 1 ln 2 2

sin

sin ln 2

j sin ln 2

j sin ln 2

j cos

j cos ln 2

1 ln 2 2

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

53

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Drill Problem 1.3

For number 1 through 4, find the principal value of ln z, rectangular form, when z equals, 1.) -10 Solution:

| z|

| z|

Using the formula:

| z|

( 10 ) r

10

(0)

Arg z

Arg z

tan

tan

0 10

ln( 10) 2.) 2 j2

ln z

ln|z|

ln 10

j Arg z

Solution:

| z|

| z| | z|

r r

x 22

Arg z 4

Arg z

tan

tan

y x 2 2

Using the formula:

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

ln(2

54

ln(2

ln z

j2)

j2)

ln|z|

1 ln 8 2

ln 22

j Arg z j

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

3.) 2 j2

Solution: | z|

| z|

| z|

22

( 2)

Arg z

Arg z 4

tan

tan

2 2

y x

Using the formula: ln z ln|z| j Argz

ln(2

ln(2

j2)

j2)

ln 22 1 ln 8 2

4.) je

Solution: | z| | z| r

r r

| z|

x e

( e)

Arg z

Arg z

Using the formula:

tan

tan

y x

e 0

ln z

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

ln( je)

ln|z|

ln e

j Arg z j 2

55

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

2

For number 5 through 8, evaluate the following answers in rectangular form. 5.) ln e Solution:

ln( je)

Let z

Then, find the values for r and r r e x 0 y

Since it doesnt consider the principal value, we will use the formula ln e ln z ln e ln r j j0 j2n j2n

Arg z 0

Arg z

tan

tan

0 e

y x

6.) ln e

ln(e)

j2n ; n

(0,1,2, )

Solution:

Considering the value of z e

Let z r

e and c e

j, we use the formula

Solve for the values of r and x e y 0

Arg z

tan

Final answers are shaded in green.

0 1

Page

56

Arg z

tan

y x

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

r e

Since it doesnt consider the principal value, we will use the formula, ln( e) e ln z ln e ln r 1 j j j2n j2n
)

ln e ln e ln e

ln e ln e

ln e

( j 1

j(1

7.) ln(4

Solution:

j3)

( j

j )

j2n) j2n) j2n

2n)j ; n

(0,1,2, )

Since it doesnt consider the principal value, we will use the formula 4 r j3, find the values for r and x 4 y 3 ln 5 ln z ln r j j2n

Let z

r r

Arg z

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

ln(4

j3)

ln(4

1.6094

j3)

j0.6435

j0.6435011

0.6435011 j2n

Arg z

tan

y x 3 tan 4

j2n ; n

(0,1,2, )

57

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

8.) ln e

Solution:

Considering the value of z

Let us solve for the value of r and r r e x 0 ln z ln r j y

e and c e

j3, we use the formula y x 0 e

ln e

ln e e

ln e

j(0)

j2n

Arg z

Arg z 0

tan

tan

For numbers 9 through 12, find the principal value in rectangular form. 9.) j , j2 Solution:

ln e

ln e

j2n

j2n

) )

j3

j2n ; n

ln e

(0,1,2, )

j Considering the value of z

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

j and c e

j2, we use the formula

58

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Let us solve for the value of r and r r 0 x 1 y

Using the general equation,

Arg z

Arg z

tan

tan

1 0

y x

ln z

ln j

ln r

ln j j j

ln 1 e j

j Argz 2 j 2

j2

Considering the value of z

Let us solve for the value of r and r r 0 x 2 y

j2 & c e

j, we use the formula

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

Arg z

Arg z

tan 2

tan

59

2 0

y x

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Using the general equation, ln j2 j2 e j2 ln z

using logarithmic exponent rule e cos j2 j sin , therefore e (cos ln 2 (3 e e

ln 2

ln r

j j

2 e e

since, e 10.) 4(
)

Solution:

j2

j sin ln 2) j), we use the formula y x

Considering the value of z

4&c z

Let us solve for the value of r and r r x 4 y 0

Using the general equation for natural logarithm of a complex number, ln z ln(4) ln(4) ln|z| ln 4 j j(0)

Arg z

Arg z 0

tan

tan

0 4

ln 4

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

4(

e(

using the logarithmic exponent rule e

e e

60

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

4( Since e cos z 11.) (1 j)(
) )

64 cos(ln 4)

4 (cos ln 4

j sin

j sin(ln 4)

j sin ln 4)

Solution:

Considering the value of z r x y z

j and c

j, we use the formula tan 4 y x

Using the formula for natural logarithm of z, ln z ln r j j 4

( 1)

Arg z

Arg z

tan

1 1

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

Using the logarithmic exponent rule, e

61

(1

(1

ln z

j)(

j)(
)

ln 2
)

e e

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

(1 j)(

Since e

cos e

12.) ( 1)(

Solution:

2e

j sin

cos ln 2

cos ln 2

j sin ln 2

j sin ln 2

Considering the value of z r x y

1 and c e

(1

j2), we use the formula tan y x

Using the general formula of natural logarithm of z, ln z ln z ln 1 ln r j j

( 1)

Arg z

Arg z

tan

0 1

( 1)( since e cos

( 1)(

ln z

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

62

( 1)(

) )

e e

e(

)( )

j sin

e e

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

e e (cos 2 z e j sin 2)

For numbers 13 through 15, solve for z in rectangular form 13.) Solution: ln z 2 j

To eliminate the natural logarithm, we need to equate on both sides, e e

since, e

cos

j sin z e

e e 2 j sin 2

cos

14.)

ln z

Solution:

0.3

j0.7

To eliminate the natural logarithm, we need to equate on both sides, e e(

. . . )

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

e( e

63

. ) .

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

since, e cos j sin z e
.

15.)

ln z

Solution:

(cos 0.7 1.032

j0.870

j sin 0.7)

To eliminate the natural logarithm, we need to equate on both sides, e e(

)

since, e

cos

j sin

e e j sin )

e (cos z

15.154

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

64

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

UNIT 2

LAPLACE AND INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORM

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

65

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Example 2.1
Direction: Using the Laplace integral, find the Laplace transform of the following: a.) f(t) Solution: 1 Using the general equation of the function defined for s F(s) F(s) lim e
T

F(s)

F(s)

F(s)

lim
T

f(t)dt

F(s)

lim
T

lim

f(t)dt (1)dt dt

F(s)

lim

1 e s

Therefore, b.) f(t) e

F(s)

1 e s

1 e s

1 0 s

( )

T 0

F(s)

1 s

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

66

Solution:

using the general equation of the function defined for s

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

F(s) e f(t)dt

F(s)

F(s)

F(s)

F(s) F(s)

F(s)
T

F(s)

lim
T T

lim

lim s

lim a s

lim 1

T T

F(s)

1 s

lim e
T

(e )dt dt

f(t)dt

( T(

dt

) )

lim e 1 e

T 0 T 1 0 1

F(s)

0 a

F(s) c.) f(t) t

Solution:

Using the general equation of the function defined for s F(s) F(s) lim e
T

f(t)dt Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

67

f(t)dt

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

T

Integrating by parts we let:

F(s)

lim

(t)dt ( )

Then, F(s) lim t

T

F(s)

F(s)

lim
T

F(s)

lim
T T

t e s

1 e s t e s

1 (e s

1 e s

F(s)

F(s)
T

F(s)

lim lim

t e s t e s
T

1 1 e s s 1 (e s 1 (e s

)dt ) )

dt T 0

T 0

T 0

T 0 T 0

lim

lim

F(s)

T e s

T e s

F(s)

1 lim e sT 1 e s

lim

1 e s

1 e s

T T

1 s
T

F(s)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

68

F(s)

( )

1 s

1 s

1 s

1 s

lim

1 s

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

d.) f(t) cos t , is a constant

Solution:

Using the general equation of the function defined for s F(s) F(s) lim e
T

Integrating by parts we let

F(s)

lim

f(t)dt

(cos t)dt 1

f(t)dt

Then, F(s) cos t e s 1 e s 1 e s s

F(s)

cos t

T 0

sin t dt sin t dt

Integrating by parts for

sin t dt, we let: 1

Then,

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

69

cos t dt

cos t dt

1 e s

1 e s

sin t

T sin t 0

T 0

1 e s
T

) cos t dt cos t dt

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

T

T T

e e

cos t dt

cos t dt cos t dt

1 e s

1 e s 1 e s
T

cos t

cos t cos t

T 0

T 0 T 0

e s e s

1 e s

sin t sin t

sin t

T 0 T 0

T 0

s s

T T T

e e

cos t dt cos t dt T 0

cos t dt

cos t dt
T

cos t dt cos t dt

cos t dt 1 e s

Then, applying the limits, F(s)

1 e s

cos t s

1 e s

cos t

T 0
T

cos t

e s

e s 1

T 0

sin t s

sin t

e s

T 0

sin t

1 1 s

1 se

Since

F(s) cos 1
T

s s e s

cos T cos T

e s

sin

e s s 0

sin T
T

sin T e 0

Applying the limits: lim F(s) s

s e

F(s)

cos () s s

sin ()

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

70

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

e.) f(t) sin t , is a constant Using the general equation of the function defined for s F(s) F(s) lim e
T

Solution:

Integrating by parts we let:

F(s)

lim

f(t)dt

(sin t)dt

f(t)dt

Then,
T

sin t dt
T

1 e s e

sin t

T 0

cos t dt

Integrating by parts for

cos t dt, we let:

T T T

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

sin t dt

1 e s

sin t

T 0

e s

cos t

T 0

sin t dt

71

sin t dt

sin t dt

cos t dt 1 e s 1 e s

du

sin t

sin t

1 e s T 0

T 0

T cos t 0 s s 1 e s 1 e s

cos t

cos t

T 0

T 0

sin t dt s s
T

sin t dt

sin t dt

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

sin t dt sin t dt ( s 1

1 e s )

sin t s e s

T 0

e s sin t

cos t T 0

s s

T 1 ( ) 0 s s e s sin t

Applying the limits: F(s)

Since

F(s) cos 1

se s

s s e s

sin T
T

cos T

F(s)

sin

e s s 0

T T

sin T

cos T

Example 2.2
Direction: Using linearity theorem and the previously obtained Laplace transform pairs, find the Laplace transform pairs, find the Laplace transform of a.) cosh at

Solution:

Since

We can now use the linearity theorem, e cosh at

cosh at

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

72

e e

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

cosh at e s 1 a 1 2 and 1 1 2 s a 1 s a s 2 s s e e s 1 a e s 1 a

Since

cosh at cosh at cosh at F(s)

1 2s 2 s a a

s a

b.) sinh at

Solution:

Since

We can now use the Linearity theorem sinh at e s 1 a sinh at 1 2 and e

sinh at

e e

Since

e s 1 a

sinh at sinh at

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

73

1 1 2 s a 1 s a 2 s

s a

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

sinh at F(s) s 2a 1 a 2 s a a

c.) cos t

Solution:

Since

We can now apply the Linearity theorem cos t e s 1 j cos t 1 2 and 1 1 2 s j e e

cos t

e e

Since

e e s 1 j 1 j

cos t

cos t

cos t F(s)

1 s j s j s j 2 1 2s 2 s s

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

74

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

d.) sin t

Solution:

Since

Using the Linearity theorem

sin t

j2 e

e e

Since

sin t e s 1 j

sin t

1 j2 and

j2

e s 1 j

sin t sin t

1 1 j2 s j

sin t

1 s j s j j2 s j 2j 1 j2 s

F(s)

Example 2.3
Direction: Apply the shifting theorem and the previously obtained Laplace transform of the a.) e cos t Solution: following:

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

75

cos t

s2

. s

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

s a

b.) e sin t Solution:

cos t

(s (s

a)2

sin t sin t

s2

a)2

. s
2

Example 2.4
Direction: Find the Laplace transform of the following functions using the table (variables other than t are considered constant). a.) t Solution: 2t By linearity,

Since Then,

t t t

2t 2! s 2t and

t t 1 s

t 1 s

Since Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

76

b.) cos t

2t

2! s

1 s

1 s

Solution:

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

cos t cos t s s

Then,

s s

c.) e cosh t Solution:

Using shifting theorem, Then,

cosh t s s

s 1

e cosh t

e cosh t

e cosh t

d.) e

e cosh t

(s

s 2 2s 4 s

2)

. s

2
1

2 2s 3

Solution:

Using logarithmic properties Then, e

e e

e e e

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

Since e

is a constant, and

77

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

e

e e.) cos(t )

2b

Solution:

Using a trigonometric identity (sum of two angles of cosine) cos( ) cos cos sin sin cos(t s ) cos t cos and sin t sin sin t s

So,

Since cos and sin are constant, and cos t s

Then,

Simplifying further, we get cos(t

cos(t

s cos s s cos s

sin s sin

Example 2.5
Direction: Find the inverse Laplace transform of the following functions using he table (variables other than s are constants). a.) Solution:

By Linearity theorem, Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

78

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

4s s s s 4s s 3 cos t 3 4s 3 s s sin t

Since Then,

and

4 cos t

3 sin t

b.)

Solution:

Expanding the term, s 3s s s

Since Then

12

3s s

12

12

s s 3s s

n!

t 1 3 t 2 1 t 2

12 s

12

c.)

Solution:

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

Since

e sin t

(s

79

Completing the square of the denominator well have 15 15 s 4s 29 (s 2) 25 a)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Then Therefore,

(s

15 2) (s

25 15 2)

15 5 25 3e

(s

5 2) sin 5t

d.)

Solution:

Performing partial fraction expansion s(s 8 8 4) A s s

Well have the value of A and B as, s(s 8 4) A

A(s 4) B(s) s: 0 A B s : 8 4A 2; B 2 s -2

s(s

4)

Therefore,

s 2e

e.)

s(s

4)

Solution:

2 s

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

80

Performing partial fraction expansion 1 A

2 s

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

A s s :

s: 0 1

By elimination method, Then, s A

A5

B s B

B2

B 5 2 s 3

Therefore,

2 s

5 1

2 s 4

2 s

Drill Problem 2.1

Direction: Find the Laplace transform of the following functions. Variables other than t are constants. 1.) (t Performing binomial expansion, 3) (t 3) t 6t 9

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

81

Then, applying the distributive property of Laplace, (t 3) t

(t

3)

(t

6t 6t

9) 9

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

(t 3) 4! s 6 (2!) s 9 s

2.) sin 4t

(t

3)

24 s

12 s

9 s

Using the trigonometric identity for double angle formula of sine,

(sin 4t)

(sin 4t)

sin A

1 (1 2 1 2

(sin 4t)

(sin 4t)

1 ( 2 1 2 1 2

1 s

(1

cos 2A)

cos 8t) s

3.) e

Using the shifting theorem,

sinh 5t

(sin 4t)

s (s 5

s (s

32

64

cos 8t ) 64

64)

s 64)

(sinh5t)

25 s

(e sinh 5t)
4.) sin 3t

(s

5 1)

. s

1 25

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

Using trigonometric identity for the sum of two angles of sine,

sin(A

B)

sin A cos B

cos A sin B

82

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

sin 3t

sin 3t

sin 3t

1 2

1 2

cos 1 2

sin 3t cos 1 2

sin3t

1 2

cos 3t sin sin 1 2

1 2

3 cos 0.5 s 8 8

s sin 0.5 9

cos 3t

5.)

8 sin 0.2t

( 8 sin 0.2t )

( 8 sin 0.2t)

since, sin t

sin 0.2t

( 8 sin 0.2t)

1.6 0.04

0.2 0.04

6.) sin t cos t

Using the trigonometric identity for product formula of the angles sine and cosine,

sin A cos B

sin t cos t

1 sin(A 2 1 sin(t 2

sin t cos t

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

(sin t cos t)

(sin t cos t)

1 sin 2t 2 1 2

t)

B)

1 sin(t 2

1 sin(A 2

1 2 2 s 4

sin 2t

1 sin 0 2

t)

B)

83

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

7.) (t

1)

By applying the linearity theorem,

(t

1)

(sin t cos t) t

3t

3t

1 1

(t

1) 1) 1)

(t (t

3! s

t 3

8.) 3.8te

By shifting theorem,

6 s

(2!) s 6 s

3 t

2 s

2 s

1 s

1 s

(3.8t)

9.)

By shifting theorem,

3t e

(3.8te

3.8 s s
.

3.8 (s 2.4) . (s

(s

2.4)

( 3t )

10.) 5e

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

By shifting theorem,

sin t

( 3t e

3(4!) s
.

(s

72 0.5)
. (s

0.5)

(5 sin t)

5 s

a)

84

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

5 a)

II. Direction: Find the Inverse Laplace transform of the following functions. Variables other than s are constant. 11.) s 1 5 s 1 5 s 1 5 s 1 5

(5e

sin t)

(s

Multiplying

in

12.)

in order to satisfy (sin t) 1 5 s 1 5 5 1 sin 5 t

Since,

2s s s

2s s

16 16

16 16

25 s 16

2s

16

16 s 16

cosh t and 2s s 16 16

16 s 16 sinh t

13.)

2 cosh 4t

sinh 4t

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

85

10

10 2

2 2

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

By Linearity theorem, 2 10 2 2s
14.)
L L

10

10 2 2
5e

1
2
2 t

2 2

nL Ls n

n L

1 n L

n L n L

nL Ls n

nL Ls n

sin

n L n L

n t L

15.)

)(

By Partial fraction, (s 20 1)(s 3) 20

(s

(s

3)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

86

By elimination method we will have the value for A 10 and B -10 20 1)(s 10 s 1 10 s 3

s : 20

if s 0

A(s

1)

3)

(s A

B(s B

3) B

(s

1)

1)(s

3)

3A

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

20 1)(s 10e 10 (e 10e e )

(s (s 16.) 18s 9s

20 1)(s

3) 3)

18s 9s

12 1

18s 9s

12 1

18 9 2

12 1

18s 9s 1 s s s 1

17.)

18s 9s
( )( )

12 1

9s

12

1 2 cosh t 3

12 9

s s

1 3 1

1 9

1 4 sinh t 3

By partial fraction expansion, (s 1 a)(s b) 1

Coefficient of

A(s

(s

a)

Performing elimination method, we get 1 B and A a b

s :1

s: 0

b)

(s

bA

B(s B

b)

a)

(s

a)(s

b)

aB a

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

87

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1 a)(s (s 1 1

(s

b) 1 a)(s b)

a s b

b a a (e e

a s

b b

18.)

Performing completing the square in the denominator, we will arrive at: 4s 2 s 6s 18 s s 4s 2 6s 9 18 4s 2 3) 9 9

In order to satisfy the form of the numerator to obtain its inverse Laplace transform, we must get the value of x. We will able to form the equation, 4s 4s 2 x 2 4s 12 2 12 x 10 4(s 3) x x

4s 2 6s 18

(s

Since,

4s 2 s 6s 18 s a a)

4 (s 3) (s 3) 9

(s

10 3) a)

4e cosh 3t

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

88

(s Therefore,

cosh t

and

(s

e sinh t

4s 2 s 6s 18

10 e sinh 3t 3

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

19.)

Performing completing the square in the denominator of the equation, s 10s s s 24 10s s 24 10s (s 25 5) 24 25

10s s

20.)

10s

24

24

(s

sinh t

5)

Performing completing the square in the denominator of the equation, s 2s 56 4s 12 2s 56 4s 12 56 x s 2s 56 (s 2) 16 2) 4 x 2s 56 4s 4 12 4

in order to satisfy the form of the numerator to obtain its inverse Laplace transform we must get the value of x. We will be able to form the equation: 2s 2s 56 x 2(s 4 2s 56 x

2s

56 4s 12 s

2s

2s

56 4s 12

e (2 cosh 4t

13e sinh 4t) Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

89

56 4s 12

2 (s 2) (s 2) 16

52

2e cosh 4t

13

13e sinh 4t

(s

4 2)

16

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Example 2.6
Direction: Find the Laplace transform of the following using the differentiation property.

a.) te

Solution: When

f(t)

te 0

F(s)

f (t) f(t)

f (t)

f(0)

k f(s) 1 s f(s) 1

k f(t)

kte

e s

k f(s)

DP:

f(t) s

k f(s) (s

b.) t sin t

f(t)

k)f(s)

s f(s)

f(0)

s f(s) 1 k

f(0)

(s

k)

Solution:

f(t) f(t)

t sin t f(0)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

t cos t f (0)

90

F(s) sin t

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

f (t)

f (t)

t sin t

f (t) f(t)

t sin t

cos t

F(s)

2 cos t 2s s

cos t

DP:

F(s) (s

s F(s)

)F(s)

2s s

s f(0)

f(t) c.) sin t

Solution:

2s (s )

2s s

s F(s)

f (0)

f(t) f (t) 2

f (t)

2 sin t f (0)

sin t 0

f(0)

sin t

F(s) cos t

2 cos t 2 cos t 1 1 2 s s f(0) s s Page

f (t) f (t) DP:

2 F(s) f (t)

2 F(s) f (t)

s F(s)

f (0) Final answers are shaded in green.

91

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

f (t) s F(s) 1 s s 1 s 0 0

2 F(s) (s

F(s) F(s)

2 )F(s)

s 4 s

F(s)

F(s)

s 4 s (s ) s 4 (s 2 ) 2 (s 2 ) (s 4 s)(s 2 ) 2 (s 4 s) s 4 s 6 s s 8 s

1 s (s

s 4 2 )

s 4

s f(s)

F(s)

F(s)

22 s(s2 42 )

Example 2.7
Direction: Find the inverse Laplace transform of the following using the integration property. a.) Solution:
( )

F(s)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

G(s)

F(s)

92

s(s

1 s

G(s) s

G(s)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

f(t) f(t)

g()

1 sin

g()d g()d

f(t) f(t)

f(t)

f(t) b.)
( )

1 (cos t 1 (1

1 cos

1 sin d 1)

cos t)

Solution:

F(s)

F(s) G(s)

s s(s s(s

s (s

1 1

) )

g() f(t)

f(t)

F(s)

f(t)

1 (1 1 (1

g()d

G(s) s

g()d

cos t)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

cos t)d

93

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1 1 sin

f(t)

f(t)

1 (t f(t)

0)

1 (sin sin t

0)

Direction: Find the general solution of the differential equation. a.) y 2y 2y 0 for y (0) 1 and y (0) Y (0) 3 2s 3

Example 2.8

Solution:

s Y(s)

s Y(s)

sY(0) (s

2sY(s) s s

2sY(s)

Y(s)

Y(s)

2)Y(s)

y(0) s 1

2Y(s)

2Y(s) 0

Y(s)

Y(s) (s

s e

y(t)

1)

s 1 1 1 (s 1) 1 1 cos t 1 2e (s

s 1 2s 1

1 2s 2

sin t

2 1)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

94

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

b.) y y t for y(0) y (0) 1 sY(0) Y (0) 1 1 s Y(s) 1 s

Solution:

s Y(s)

s Y(s) Y(s) 1 (s

1)Y(s) s (s A s

s(1)

Y(s) s s s

By Partial Fraction Expansion, 1 As(s s (s 1) B(s 1)

1 B s

1) s

1 s

1 1 s D 1

A(s

s)

B(s

1)

s : 0

1)

C(s )(s C(s C C

s : 0

s (s

1)

s : 1 s 1 1

s: 0

s )

1)

D(s

D(s )(s

s )

1)

y(t)

sinh t

2 s 1

2 s 1

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

95

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Direction: Use the differentiation property to find the Laplace transform of the following: 1.) t cos 5t Solution: f (t) f (t)

Drill Problem 2.2

f (t)

t( 5 sin 5t) f (0) 5t sin 5t 1

f(0)

cos 5t

cos 5t 5 sin 5t

f (t)

f (t)

5 t(5 cos 5t) 25t cos 5t

s F(s)

DP: s F(s) s F(s) (s sF(s)

f (t)

f (t)

25t cos 5t 25F(s)

25f(t)

5 sin 5t

sin 5t

s F(s)

25 F(s) s

25F(s)

f (0)

sF(s) 1

50 s 25 f (0)

10 sin 5t

10 sin 5t

5 sin 5t

25F(s) s 25

25) F(s) s (s

50 s 25 25 25 25

50 s 25

F(s)

25

25 25)

s s

50

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

2.) cos t

96

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Solution: f (t)

f (t)

2 cos t( sin t) f (0) 2 cos t sin t 0

f(0)

f (t)

f (t)

f (t)

f (t)

2 cos t cos t 2 F(s) 2 2 f(t) F(s)

2 cos t

f (t)

1 1 2 s

sin t 2 s

sin t sin t sin t s 4

f (t)

s F(s)

(s (s

sF(s) (s

DP: s F(s)

2 F(s)

s)F(s)

f (0)

sF(s)

(s

2 )F(s)

2 )F(s)

2 F(s) s

2 F(s)

s(s

s(s

f (0)

4 ) s(s

4 )

2 )F(s) (s s(s (s

s (s 4 ) 4 s(s 4 ) 4 s 4 s(s 4 ) 2 ) 2 ) 2 ) s

s(s

s(s

4 )

4 )

4 )

F(s)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

F(s)

(s s(s

2 )(s 4 )(s

2 ) 4 )

97

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

3.) sinh at

Solution: f (t) f (t)

2 sinh at a cosh at f (0) 2a sinh at cosh at 0

f(0)

f (t)

f (t)

f (t)

2a sinh at a sinh at f (t) 2a F(s) 2a 2a f(t) F(s)

2a sinh at

f (t)

1 1 2 s a

cosh at s

cosh at a cosh at cosh at s 4a

f (t)

s F(s)

(s

sF(s)

DP: s F(s) 2a )F(s) F(s) f (0)

2a F(s)

1 2s 2 s(s

2a F(s) 2a s(s 2a

sF(s)

2s s(s

4a 4a )

f (0) a

4a 4a ) 2s s(s 4a 4a )

s s(s

2a 4a )

2a

4.) cosh

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

98

Solution:

4a )

f(0)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

f (t) 1 1 1 2 cosh t sinh t 2 2 2 1 1 f (t) cosh t sinh t 2 2 f (0) 0

f (t)

1 1 1 1 cosh t sinh t 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 f(t) sinh t f (t) 2 2 2 1 1 1 s f (t) F(s) 2 2 s s 1 1 1 2 F(s) f (t) s(s 1) 2 f (t) 1 F(s) 2 s(s 1 4 1) 1 4

s F(s)

DP: s F(s) sF(s)

s F(s) s

1 F(s) 2

1 F(s) 2

f (0)

sF(s)

1 F(s) 2 s

s (s s

1 F(s) 2 s(s s

f (0) 1 4

s(s 1) 1 4

1)

s(s s(s s s(s

1)

1)

1 ( ) 2 F s s

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

F(s)

s(s

99

1 2

1 2 1)

1 2 1)

1 4 ) 1

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

5.) sin t

Solution: f (t) f (t) 4

f(0)

f (0)

4 sin t cos t 0

f (t)

f (t)

f (t)

4 sin t ( sin t) f (t) 4 sin t

sin t 4f(t)

4 sin t cos t

f (t)

f (t)

f (t)

f (t)

f (t)

4F(s)

4F(s)

4F(s)

12 sin t cos t 3 sin 2t s s

cos t (3 sin t)(cos t) 12 sin t cos t 16 3 sin t cos t

4F(s)

s F(s)

sF(s) (s

DP: s F(s)

4F(s)

16 s 3 s 16) 2 s(s s(s 24 f (0) 16) 16) s(s

3 1 2 s

12 sin t cos t

4)F(s) s(s s

f (0)

sF(s) s(s 4

4F(s) 24

24

16)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

6.)

100

F(s)

24 4)(s

16)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Solution:

f(t)

F(s)

F(s)

F(s)

F(s)

G(s)

10 s(s)(s ) 10 (s ) s 10e

10 s s 10 s (s )

g()d

G(s) s

f(t)

f(t)

g(t)

f(t)

g(t) f(t)

f(t)

10e

10e

10e d t 0

g()d

f(t)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

f(t)

101

f(t)

10

10 (e (e

g()d

10 1)d

10e

10 e

10t

1)dt

10

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

f(t) 10e 10t t 10

f(t)

10(e

1)

7.)

Solution:

F(s)

f(t)

F(s)

G(s) f(t)

s (s s(s

g()d 1 1

G(s) s

g(t)

f(t)

g(t)

f(t)

f(t)

sin d cos t cos

g()d

sin t

1)

1)

f(t)

cos t

g()d

cos 0 1

t 0

f(t)

f(t)

sin t

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

102

f(t)

( cos sin

1)d t 0

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

8.)

Solution:

F(s) g(t) 5 s 5 5 5

f(t)

F(s)

G(s)

s(s s

g()d 5 5 5

G(s) s

5)

f(t)

g(t)

cosh 5t 5 5 5

f(t)

f(t) 5 5 5

sinh 5t g()d

f(t)

sinh 5 d sinh 5 d

f(t)

cosh 5 5 5 5 t f(t) cosh 5 5 0 t f(t) cosh 5 0 (t) cosh 5t cosh 0 f

9.)

f(t)

g()d Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

103

Solution:

F(s)

G(s) s

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

F(s) 1

F(s)

G(s) f(t)

1 s(s)(s 4) 1 G(s) s(s 4) 1 (sinh 2t) 2 g()d

s (s

4)

1 (sinh 2) d 2 1 1 cosh 2 f(t) 2 2 cosh 2 t f(t) 4 0 cosh 2t 1 f(t) 4 4 f(t) 1 4 (cosh 2 g()d 1)d

f(t)

f(t)

f(t)

f(t)

f(t)

1 sinh 2 4 2 1 sinh 2t t 4 2 1 sinh 2t 8

10.)

1 t 4

Solution:

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

F(s)

s(s

3 )

104

f(t)

F(s)

g()d 2

G(s) s

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

G(s) 2(3) (s 3 ) 2 sin 3t 3

2 sin 3 d 3 2 cos 3 f(t) 3 3 2 cos 3t 2 cos 0 f(t) 9 9 2 f(t) ( cos 3t 1) 9 f(t) f(t) 2 (1 9 cos 3t)

f(t)

f(t)

G(s)

2 sin 3 d 3

g()d

11.) y

Solution:

4y

0; y(0)

2.8

sY(s) y(0) 4 Y(s) 0 sY(s) 2.8 4Y(s) 0 (s 4)Y(s) 2.8 2.8 Y(s) s 4 1 Y(s) 2.8 s 4 17 sin 2t ; y(0) 1 y(t) 2.8e

12.) y

13.) y

6y

0; y(0)

6, y (0)

13

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

105

Solution:

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Solution:

s Y(s)

s Y(s)

sy(0)

(s

6s

y (0) Y(s) s 13

6)Y(s) (s s 6s

sY(s)

sY(s) s

Y(s)

6s 7 (s 3)(s 2) Y(s) 6s

Y(s)

if s 3 A(s 2) 25 5A A 5 if s 2 5 B(s 3) 5 B( 2 3) B 1 1 1 Y(s) 5 s 3 s 2 25 y(t) 5e e

A(s

6s 7 3)(s 2) 3 2) s B

6s 6

y(0)

6Y(s) 7

6Y(s) 0

B(s

(s

3)

3)(s

2)

14.) y

4y

Solution:

4y

0; y(0)

2.1, y (0)

3.9

s y(s) sy(0) s y(s) 2.1s (s

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

Y(s)

106

Y(s)

y (0) 4 sy(s) y(0) 4y(s) 0 3.9 4sy(s) 4(2.1) 4y(s) 0 4s 4)y(s) 2.1s 4.5 2.1s 4.5 s 4s 4 2.1s 4.5 (s 2)(s 2)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Y(s) 2.1s 4.5 A B (s 2)(s 2) s 2 (s 2) 2.1s 4.5 A(s 2) B s :0 0 s: 2.1 A A 2.1 s : 4.5 A( 2) B 4.5 2.1( 2) B 4.5 4.2 B B 0.3 0.3 (s 2) 0.3 (s 0.3te (s 2)

2.1 s 2 1 Y(s) 2.1 s 2 Y(s) 2.1e Y(s) 15.) y ky 2k y 0; y(0) 2, y (0) y(t) 2k

2)

e (2.1

0.3t) 0

Solution:

s y(s) sy(0) y (0) k sy(s) y(0) 2k y(s) s y(s) 2s 2k ksy(s) 2k 2k y(s) 0 (s ks 2k )y(s) 2s 4k Y(s) Y(s) Y(s) (s s 2s 4k ks 2k 2s 4k 2k)(s k) 2(s 2k) 2k)(s k) 2 s k 1 2 s k 2e

Y(s)

Y(s)

(s

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

Example 2.8

107

y(t)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Directions: Write the following function using unit step functions and find its transform. a.) f(t) 2 t 0 . 1 . 1

cos t

Solution: f(t) since

2 1 t 2 cos t f(t)u(t for 2 a) 2 s

t f(t t

2 a)

e 2e s

for 2

for;

1 t 2

1 e 2

(t

1)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

108

for;

1 t 2

1 t u(t 2

2 s

2e s

1)

t u t

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1 t 2 1 e 2 1 s 4

for ;

for;

1 t 2

1 s

1 e 2s

2t

1 s

for ; cos t

for; cos t e

for ; cos t

cos t u t cos t cos e e s

cos t 2

2s

e 8s

for; cos t

for; cos t

sin t 1

sin t sin

f(t)

Therefore, 2 s

2e s

1 s

1 s

1 e 2s

1 s

2s

e 8s

Direction: Find the inverse Laplace Transform of F(s) e s

Example 2.9

Solution:

e e

e (s 2)

We will first solve on the first term, by expanding the term, we can get two terms,

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

109

For

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

F (s) 1

f (t) f (t) Then,

1 (sin t cos f (t)

f (t)

1 sin(t

sin t

t (t -1)

1 (sin t) e

cos t sin )

f (t) f (t)

F (s)

For

1 (sin t cos 2 f (t)

f (t)

1 sin(t

sin t

t (t -2)

Now, for the second term,

e (s 2) (t te

1 (sin t)

cos t sin 2)

2)

f (t) f(t)

f (t)

0 sin t 0 (t 3)e

3)e

(t -3)

1 t

3 Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

110

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Direction: Sketch or graph the given function (assumed to be zero outside the given interval). Represent it using unit step function. Find its transform. 1.) t (0 Solution: 1) f(t) u(t a) e

Drill Problems 2.3

t u(t

t u(t

0)

2.) sin 3t (0

Solution: sin 3t u(t 0)

t u(t

0)

t u(t

0)

t u(t

1)

t u (t

1)

f(t 1 s

a) e

1)

1 s

1 s

e s

sin 3t u(t

0)

sin 3t u(t

sin 3t u(t 0)

sin 3t u(t )

f(t) u(t

a) )

sin 3t u(t

sin 3t u(t 0)

sin 3t u(t 0)

sin 3t

sin 3t e

f(t

a) e e

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

111

sin 3t u(t

0)

sin 3t u(t

sin 3t u(t )

sin 3t ) s

sin 3t cos 3 3 9

sin 3(t 3

sin 3t

cos 3t sin 3 9

sin 3t u(t

9 s

3e s 9 9 (1

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

3.) t (t 3) t u(t 3) e (t 3)

Solution:

t u(t

t u(t

3)

3) 3)

e e

2! s 2 s

6 s

6t

9 s 6 s

t u(t 4.) 1 e (0 ) 0) (1

9 s

Solution: (1 (1 (1

e ) u(t

e ) u(t (1 (1

e ) u(t

0)

e ) u(t

0)

(1

e ) u(t

0) 0)

(1

e ) u(t (1 (1

u)

e ) u(t

u)

e ) u(t

u)

(1 (1

(1 1 s

e ) e ) s 1

e ) 1

e e e

e s

u) u)

(1 e

(1 s

e e

e e 1

e e

e ) u(t )

e ) u(t

e s

(e

e s

) 1

5.) sin t (t

Solution:

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

sin t u t

sin t cos 6

cos t sin 6

112

sin t u t

sin (t

6 )

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

sin t u t sin t u t 6 6 e e sin t e s sin t

sin t u t

Direction : Find and sketch or graph f(t) is F(s) equals 6.) Solution: s s se

7.)

Solution:

f(t)

0 cos (t

cos t t 1)

(t

1)

t t

1 1

F(s)

F(s) t

F(s)

F(s)

f(t) 8.)

F(s)

(t (t t 0 t

1 s 1) 1

1 s

(t) u(t 0

1) u(t t

1 u(t 1) 1 1

1)

1)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

113

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Solution:

By completing the square,

F(s)

s (s
)

F(s)

F(s) e
(

F(s)
)

F(s) e
(

f(t)

F(s)

sin t cos
(

sin(t
)

sin t

1 1)

1 2s

2 1

0 e

sin t

sin t

cos t sin u(t t t

) u(t

u(t

9.)

Solution:

Expanding the term, we get

F(s)

F(s)

F(s)

F(s) e

e e 0

f(t)

e e

e e

e e s k
) (

e s

k
.

10.) 2.5

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

114

u(t

1 1

1)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Solution:

F(s) F(s) 2.5 t

2.5

e
.

e 1

F(s)

f(t)

2.5 u(t 2.5 0

3.8)

. )

2.6

3.8 elsewhere

u(t

2.6)

. )

Direction: Determine the response of a system described by the differential equation For y (0) y(0) 0 and inputs r(t). 1) u(t 2) y 3y 2y r(t)

Example 2.10

a.) r(t)

may GRAPH DITO Solution:

u(t

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

s Y(s)

sy(0)

y (0)

115

r(t)

y(0)

3sY(s)

u(t

y(0) 1)

3y(0)

u(t

2)

2Y(s)

1 (e s

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

s Y(s) 3sY(s) Y(s) 3s 2Y(s) (e ss e s 2 1 (e s ) 2 e )

Y(s) s

1 (e s e 3s

By partial fraction expansion 1 1)(s 2s) A 2) For

A(s

s(s

ss 2)

3s A

A(s

As(s

4s

5)

B(s B

Bs(s

B(2s

1)

4)(s

1s)

C(s

1)

C s 3s

C(s

C(s A

3s 1 2 1 2 1

2)

1)

2)

s : 0 s:

s : 1 F(s)

2C

2A

3C

f(t)

1 s 1
( )

For s(s 1 1)(s

2)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

C s

116

ss

1 e 2 3s

1 2

1 2 s

1 2

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1 A(s 4s 5) B(2s 4)(s 1) A C(s 1 1)

s : 0 s:

A(s

As(s

2s) A 2A

2)

Bs(s B(s B

1)

s : 1

y(t)

0 1 2

f(t) e

F(s)

2C

1s)

C(s

C(s

3s

3s

2)

2)

3C 1 2

e
)

1 s 1
( )

b.) r(t)

(t

1)

1 e 2

1 e 2
(

1 2 s

C 1 2

1 2 1 2

1 e 2

1 e 2

0
( )

Direction: Showing the details, find and graph the solution. 1.) y Solution: y (t 2) y(0) 1, y(0) 0

Drill Problem 2.4

s Y(s)

s Y(s)

sy(0)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

117

Y(s) s

10s 1 e s

y (0) e

Y(s) s

Y(s) e 10s 10s 1

Y(s)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

For F(s) s

Then, Y(s) 2.) y 2y 2y e

f(t) 10 cos t 5 (t sy(0) s Y(s) Y(s)

f(t)

sin(t

sin t

1
t

: 1

2) u(t

(t 2 )

2) 2) 2)

10 cos t

y(t)

Solution:

2)

10 cos t

sin t cos 2 y(0)

sin(t

sin t u(t

cos t sin 2 u(t 2) 1 s 5e 1 1

2) u(t

0, y(0)

s Y(s)

y (0) 1

2sY(s) 2sY(s) 2s 2

2y(0) 2Y(s) s 1 1 s

2Y(s) 1 1

5e

Y(s) For
( )

(s

Y(s) s 1) s :

2s

5e s 2s

5e

1 2s

A(2s

2)(s

1)

B(s

1)

C(s

2s

2)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

118

(s

1) s

2s

A(2s 2) B s 2s 2

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1 A(2s 4s s: A 1 ( 2 )(2s s 2s 2) s : 0 0 B(s 4A 2A 1) B C C(s 2C C 1 1 2s 1 1) 2s 2)

s : 1 1 , 2

Then,

B 1

2A

0 ,

2C

Y(s)

2)

5e s 2s 5e (s 1) 5e
(

Completing the square of the denominators: Y(s) (s 1) (s 1) 1 sin t 100 (t sy(0) e s 1 1 e

3.) y

Solution:

10 t

y(t)

cos t

1) y(0) y (0) 10e

10, y(0) 10e

sin(t

(s

2) u (t

2)

s Y(s)

Y(s) s

Y(s)

100e s

10s s

100e 1

Y(s) For ,

10e s 1

100e s 1
. ( )

10s

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

119

10 sinh t

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

10e s 1 For , 1 )u t 2 1 2

10 sinh( t

y(t) 4.) y 3y

10 sinh( t 2y

Solution:

10 sin t sy(0)

1 )u t 2

100e s 1

100 sinh t

10(t

1 2

100 sinh( t

. ( )

1) u t 1) u t 1, y(0)

100 sinh( t 1) y(0)

1 2

1 2

10 cosh t 1 s 10 1 10e

sinh t

s Y(s)

s Y(s)

y (0) 1

3sY(s) 2

3sY(s)

3y(0)

2Y(s) 1 1

2Y(s) s

10

Y(s) s Y(s) s u(t

3s

3s

10 10

10e

5.) y

Solution:

4y

s Y(s)

5y

s Y(s)

sy(0)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

120

Y(s) s

y (0) 4s

10) e

4sY(s) 5

4sY(s) 1

e (t

10e 10e 10)

s s y(0) e

2 2 0, y(0) 1 s 1 1 e 1

5Y(s) s

4y(0) s 1 1

5Y(s) e e

e 1

u(t 1

10)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Y(s) s Y(s) 4s 5 1 s s 1 1 e e e 1 s s 1 1

Y(s) s

(s

s 10) s

4s

4s

s s

(e e (s 1) s

)(s) 4s 5

By partial fraction expansion: s A(s

A(s

4s

4s s:

5)

s : 0 1

5)

B(2s

B(2s 5A 4A

B(2s 4) C s 4s 5 4)(s 2B 2B 2s A

4)

1)

C(s

C(s

1)

1)

y(t)

6.) y

Solution:

2y

3y

cos t

100 (t s

1 10 s 1

1 , 10

s : 0

2)

sin t

1 20 (2s s 4s e(

1 , 20 5

4B

C C 7 10

4) e

7 10 4s
)

100 (t 2sY(s) 3 2

3) y(0) 3Y(s) 2y(0)

1, y(0)

cos (t

10)

u(t

10)

s Y(s)

s Y(s)

sy(0)

y (0)

Completing the square of the denominator:

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

121

Y(s) s

2sY(s) 100e s 2s

Y(s)

100e 2s 3

100e

100e s

100e s

3Y(s)

100e 2 2s 3 s

100e 2

100e

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

100e 100e (s 3)(s 1) s 2 (s A 3) (s s 2 3)(s 1) 1)

By partial fraction expansion: s 2

Y(s)

(s B

0 1 4 3 4

100 A

A(s 1 , 4

B , 2

1) B

B(s a 3 4

3B 3)

3)

A(s

B , 100 25 ,

1)

B(s

25

3B

Y(s)

y(t)

1 e 4

(s

y(t)
2y

1 e 4
10y

3 e 4

3)

(s

1)
(

100
)

25 (s 3)

25 e (s 1)
)

100

25 (s 3)
( )

25 e (s 1)

25e 3e
10 1 s

25e

u (t
)

2) 2)

25e 25 e

25e e
1

u (t

3)

25 e
u(t 1 4)

e(

u (t

(t

3)

7.) y

s Y(s)

Solution:

sy(0)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

Y(s) s

2s

10

10e

10 s

10e s

40e s

122

s Y(s)

y (0)

2sY(s)

2sY(s)

2y(0) 2

10(t

10Y(s)

10Y(s)

5) y(0)

10 s

10

1, y(0) 10e 10(t 1 s

4)

4 s

10(t

5)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

10 2s 10e s (s 2s 10 2s 2A B 10) B A s 40e s(s 2s 10e s 2s

For

Y(s)
( )

s (s

10) s (s

10) B s

10)

10

s : 0

10 A

10 C

A(s

As(s

s (s

2 ;

s : 0

2s

2s

10)

10s) 2 s 1 ;

B(s D 1 s

B(s

2s C

Cs D s 2s 10 10) 10) 10A ;

s: 0 2s 2s

2s

Cs(s ) 2B

C(s ) 3 2s

Ds D

Ds

10 2s

10)

s : 10 10 3

10B

10

For

10e s (s 2s

10)

2 s

1 s

2s 2s

10

3 2s

10

For

40e s(s 2s s : 0 A A 40 B 4 ;

A(s

10) B

s: 0 4 s

2s

A s

2A

10)

Bs C s 2s 10 Bs s : Cs C 1 s 8 40 10A 8 2s 10 2s 10

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

10

10

10

123

Y(s)

2 s

1 s 4 s

40e s(s 2s s 1 s

2s 2s

10)

10 4s 2s

1 s

4 ; s

3 2s

10 8 2s

4s 2s

2 s

10

2s 2s

10

3 2s

10

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Competing the square of the denominator Y(s) 2 s 1 s 4 s

y(t) 8.) y

2 5y

Solution:

6y

4e

2e

cos 3t e cos 3(t 4) t

2(s 1) (s 1) 9 (s 1 4(s 1) (s 1) s 9

3 1) s

sin 3t

u(t

sin 3(t

9 2 2s (t

) cos t 1 2

4) u(t

4)

10

2 s

1 s

y(0)

4)

2e

2(s 1) (s 1) 9 10 (s 1) 9
( )

(s

3 1) 4)

y(0)

cos 3(t 4) u(t sin 3(t 5) u(t 5) 0

s Y(s)

sy(0)

5y

Y(s)

Y(s) s

y (0)

6y

t 5s

5sY(s) 6

5y(0) e

u(t

s e

5s e e

cos t cos

cos(t

(s

Completing the square of the denominator By partial fraction expansion: s A(2s)(s 5s 6) s Y(s) (s e 2)(s 3) (s se 1)(s

cos t

sin t sin

se 1) s

6Y(s)

) cos t y(0) ( s s e ) 1

y(0) ( s

) 1

5s

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

A(2s

10s

12s)

B(s

5s

6)

C(s

3s

3)

D(s

2s

2)

124

B(s

A(2s) B (s 1) 5s

2)(s C 2)

3) (s (s D

2)

(s

3)

6)

(s

C(s

1)(s

3)

3)

D(s

1)(s

2)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

A 2) e (s 1 , 20 B 1 , 10 C 2 , 5 D 3 10 2 5

Y(s) y(t)

(s (e

1 )

3)

1 (2s) 20 (s 2)

1 10 (s 2) sin t

(s e

2) e

3 10 e (s 3) )
. ( )
)

y(t)

u(t

. ( )

cos(t

( cos t
)

sin(t

u(t
)

y(t)

e 9.) y

e 2y 5y

u(t 25t 100(t

cos (t

sin(t 2, y(0) 2y(0)

) 5

u(t

Solution:

) y(0) 2sY(s) 5

s Y(s)

s Y(s) Y(s)

sy(0)

Y(s) s

2s

y (0) 5 2s

2sY(s)

By partial fraction expansion: 2s 2s

25 s s 2s

25 s

1 1 1, B s

A(2s 2) B s 2s 5 A(2s B 2) 3

100e s 2s

100e

5Y(s)

5Y(s) 25 s 2s

100e 1

25 s

100e

( 2s 1) s 2s 5

A A s

25

A(s)(s

2s

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

25

5)

B(s

C(2s 2) D s 2s 5 2s 5)

C(2s

2)(s )

D(s )

125

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

25 A(s 2s 5s) s :0 A 2(2s 2) s 2s 5 s 2, 3 2s Y(s) 2 B(s 2A 5, 2s B C 5 s 5) 2C 1, s (2s C(2s D D 2s 2) 3 5 s 3 2s 5 2s ) D(s )

s :0

2C 5B

s: 0 B 5 2 s

s : 25 2 s 5 s
(

5A

2B

y(t) 10.) y 5y 25t 100(t s Y(s)

5t

50e y(0)

sin 2(t

100e s 2s

) u(t 5

Solution:

) sy(0)

2, y(0) 5Y(s) 25 s

s Y(s) Y(s)

Y(s) s

2s

y (0) 5 25 s

By partial fraction expansion: 2s 2s

25 s s 5

5Y(s)

100e s 5

100e

25 s

100e 2s

100e 5

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

A(2s)

126

A(2s) B s 5

( 2s 5) s 5

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

A 25 A s 1, B s A B 5

25

25

A(s)(s A(s

5s)

5)

B(s

C(2s) D s 5 5) 5) A 2C D

s :0

B(s

C(2s)(s ) C(2s )

D(s )

D(s )

s :0

y(t)

( 2s) s 5

0, s

s : 25 5,

s: 0

cos 5t

5t

205 sin 5(t

1 s

5B 0, 1

(s

5)

) u(t

100e s 5

Direction: Find the response of a mass-spring system without damping to the following inputs a.) Hammerblow input (t)at t Solution: 0,zero initial conditions

Example 2.11

We are given the conditions,

x(0)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

127

x (0) 0

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Then,

x (t) s X(s)

x (t)

2x (t)

s X(s)

sx(0) X(s) s

x(t) x (0)

x(t)

X(s)

X(s) F (s)

F (t)

F (t) F (s)

F (s)

X(s)

b.) no input, but with non-zero initial conditions (x(0) Solution: We are given the condition, Then, s X(s) X(s) s x (t) x(0) 2x (t) x (0) 0

x(t)

F (s) s sin t

x (0)

0)

sx(0)

X(s)

2s

x (0)

2sX(s) sx(0)

x(t)

sx(0) x (0) s 2s X(s)

X(s) x(t)

sx(0) (s ) cos t

sx(0) x (0) 2x (0) (s ) ( )

2x (0)

x (0)

2x (0) s

F (t)

2x (0)

X(s)

F (s) 2s

F (s)

F (s)

x (0) 2x (0) (s )

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

x(0)e

x (0) 2x (0) e

128

sin t

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

let C x(0) and C x(t) x (0) 2x (0) e (C cos t C sin t) x (0)

Therefore

c.) sinusoidal driving force A sin t with Solution:

, x(0)

0.

We are given the conditions,

x(0) F (s) sx(0) x (t) x (0) 2x (t)

x (0)

Then,
s X(s) X(s) s

A sin t x(t) F (t) X(s)

2s

2sX(s) sx(0)

x (0)

2x (0)

2x (0)

F (s)

F (s)

X(s) X(s)

sx(0) x (0) s 2s

2x (0) s Ms N s O )

F (s) 2s )

sx(0) x (0) 2x (0) (s ) ( ) A 2s (s )

A 2s (s Os P 2s )

By partial fraction expansion: s

) M 2s

s Os(s

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

Ms(s

2s

s : 0

N(s

P(s

129

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

s : 0 0 2M N P

s:

M O

2N

s : A P N

x(t)

x(0)e

cos t

x (0)sin t

A 1

1 2s

Therefore x(t)

d.) sinusoidal driving force A sin t with Solution: We are given the conditions, x(0)

x(0)e

cos t

x (0)sin t

, x(0)

A sin t x (0) 0.

A sin t

Then, s X(s) X(s) s

F (s) sx(0) x (t) x (0) 2x (t)

x (0)

A sin t x(t) 2x (0) s F (t) X(s) F (s)

X(s)

2s

2sX(s) sx(0)

sx(0) x (0) s 2s

2x (0)

x (0)

2x (0)

F (s) 2s

F (s)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

130

X(s)

sx(0) x (0) 2x (0) (s ) ( )

(s

A ) (s

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

By partial fraction expansion: (s A ) (s

) 2s

Ms N s ) 2M M O(s N O

Os

Os (s ) s ) P(s )

Ms(s

2s

N(s

s O A 2 0 s P

s : 0 s : A M O s:

s : 0 0

At 2 0

O N P s

Therefore, x(t)

x(t)

x(0) cos t

x (0)sin t

At t

A 2

x(0) cos t

x (0)sin t

A (sin t 2

t cos t)

Example 2.12
1.) A spring is such that a 5-lb weight is attached, the spring reaches equilibrium, then the weight is pulled down 3 in. below the equilibrium and started off with an upward velocity of 6 ft/sec. Find an equation giving the position of the weight at all subsequent times.

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

131

Solution:

Solving for the needed values to be substituted to the general equation,

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

x 6 in 1 ft 2

Solving for k:

x (0) Fs

x(0)

3 in

6 ft/sec kx 1 ft 2

1 ft 4

5 lb Solving for and 2: k

10 lbs/ft 64

Now substituting the conditions to the equation x (t) Getting its Laplace Transform Substitute the given: s X(s) x (t) 2x (t) x(t) x (0) 6 x(t) 0

kg w

bg w

(10lbs/ft)(32) 5 lbs (0)(32) 5 lbs

F (t) 0

sx(0) 1 s 4

X(s) 0

s X(s)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

x(t)

132

Taking the inverse Laplace transform 1 cos 8t 4

X(s)

X(s) s

1 s 4 s 64

64

64X(s) 1 s 4

3 sin 8t 4

64

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

x(t) 1 cos 8t 4 sin 8t

2.) (a.) A spring is stretched 1.5 in. by a 2 lb weight. Let the weight be pushed up 3 in. above the equilibrium point and then released. Describe the motion. (b.) For the same mass-spring system, let the weight be pulled down 4 in. below the equilibrium point and given a downward initial velocity of 8 ft/sec. Describe the motion Solution: a.) Let us first solve for the needed values, Solving for k: Fs kx 1 ft 8

2 lb Solving for and 2: k

16 lbs/ft 16 lbs (32) ft 2 lbs 256

Now, substituting it to the equation, x (t) s X(s) x (t) 2x (t) 1 s 4 sx(0)

kg w

bg w

(0)(32) 2 lbs

256x(t) x (0) 256

x(t)

s X(s)

X(s) s X(s)

256X(s) s

256X(s) 1 s 4 0

F (t) 0

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

x(t)

133

1 4 s

1 cos 16t 4

256

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

For the amplitude,

For the frequency of vibration,

amplitude of varibration
2f ; f 256 2

amplitude

1 3

1 t 4

The equation of the motion of the spring is x(t) f

frequency of vibration Hz

vibration is ft above and below the equilibrium point and the frequency of the vibration is b.) Let us solve for the needed values x(0)

cos 16t. That means that the amplitude of

8 Hz

x (0)

4 in

Solving for k:

ft sec

1 ft 3

2 lb Solving for and 2: k

Fs

16

kx

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

kg w

(16 lbs/ft)(32) 2 lbs

lbs ft

1 ft 8

256

134

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

2 bg w (0)(32) 2 lbs 0

Substituting the computed values to the equation, x (t) s X(s) x (t) 2x (t) 1 s 3 sx(0) 256x(t) x (0) 8 x(t) 0

F (t) 0

s X(s)

X(s)

X(s) s

amplitude of vibration

x(t)

1 3 s

cos 16t

256

256X(s) 1 s 3 s

256X(s) 8

256

sin 16t

8 256

frequency of varibration

213 in 8 Hz

is 213 in in above and below the equilibrium point and the frequency of vibration is still f

The equation of the motion of the spring is x(t)

cos 16t

sin 16t. The amplitude of vibration

Hz

Example 2.13
(a) Using x (t) x(t) e 2x (t) x(t) F (t) we can see that it is the same in the mass spring 0 and c
E L

system equation in the underdamped motion. The formula would be (c cos t c sin t). Since c (t) E e L sin t

because LC

is positive, then

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

135

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

(b) Using x (t) x(t) 2x (t) (c x(t) F (t) we can also see that it is the same in the mass spring 0 and c E te L
E L

system equation in the critically damped motion. The formula would be e c t). Since c (t) because LC
R L

is positive, then

(c) Using x (t)

x(t)

system equation in the overdamped motion. The formula would be e

( )

2x (t)

x(t) e

(t)

So the formula would be E e( 2L

)

F (t) we can find out that it is the same in the mass spring
)

. Since LC

is negative, then c

Example 2.14
An iron ball whose weight is 98 N stretches a spring 1.09 m. determine the equation of motion of the object when it is pulled down 16 cm. from its equilibrium and for the following damping parameters.

a.) b
b.) b c.) b d.) b

Solution:

10 kg/sec 60 kg/sec 100 kg/sec

a.) Solve for the needed values,

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

136

For 2 and

0 x(0) 0.16 m x (0) 0 bg w

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

2 0

For k

F k

90(9.81) 98 9 kx

kg w

98

k(1.09) 90

Then, substituting to the equation, s X(s) x (t) s X(s) (s sx(0)

9x(t)

s X(s)

0.16s

x (0)

b.) Solve for the needed values For 2 and

x(t)

0.16 cos3t undamped motion kg m 10 s 9.8 s 98 N 0.16 m Final answers are shaded in green. 9 1

X(s)

9)X(s)

9X(s)

9X(s)

9X(s)

0.16s (s 9)

0.16s

0.16s

x(0)

Page

137

bg w

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

x (0) 0 0 0 9x(s) 0

Then, substitute the values to the equation x (t) s x(s) sx(0) x (t) 2yx (t) x (t) 9 s x (0) sx(s) 9x(t) x(t)

x(s) s

x(t) x(t) e
.

x(s)

x(t)

0.16e

0.16(s (s 0.5)
. .

x(s)

x(s)

0.16s (s 0.5)

0.16s 0.16 s s 9

0.16s

x(0)

0.16

c.) Let us solve for the needed values For 2 and 2y

(0.16 cos 2.96

0.16e

cos 2.96

0.5) (2.96)

0.16 (2.96)

cos 2.96

0.027 sin 2.9t ) underdamped motion

0.027e

(s

0.16 (0.16)(0.5) (s 0.5) (2.96) (0.16)(0.5) (2.96) 0.5)

.

sin 2.9t

x(0)

s x(s)

sx(0)

x (0)

6sx(s)

6x(0)

9x(s)

FE (s)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

138

Then, substitute the values in the equation x (t) 6x (t) 9x(t)

bg 60(9.8) w 98 2y 6 kg 90(9.8) w 98 9 16 cm or 0.16 m x (0) 0 FE t

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

(s 6s 9)x(s) 0.16s 0.96 0.16s 0.96 A B (s (s 3) s 3 (s 3) 0.16s 0.96 A(s 3) B s : 0.16 A s : 0.96 3A B 0.96 3(0.16) B B 0.96 0.48 B 0.48 0.48te F 0.16 s 3

x(s)

3)

d.) Let us solve for the needed values 98 N 2y bg w

x(t)

0.16e

x(t)

0.48 (s 3)

critically undamped

kg w

Then, substitute the values in the equation s x(s) s x(s) 5x(t) (s x (t) 0.16s x (0) 10x (t) 10 sx(s) 9)x(s) 10sx(s) 9x(t) 0.16 1.6 x(0)

x(0)

k(1.09 m) N k 90 m kg m 100 9.8 s s 10 2y s m N 90 m 9.81 s 98 N 9 s 0.16 m

kx

FE (t)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

s x(s)

0.16s

10s

10sx(s)

1.6

0.16s

9x(s)

139

9x(s)

9x(s) 0

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

x(s) 1.6 0.16s (s 9)(s 1) 1.6 1.6 1.6 0.16s (s 10s 9) 1.6 0.16s (s 9)(s 1) A A(s 9 s 1) B 1 (s 9)(s 9) 1)

x(s)

0.16s

0.16( 1) B B

if s

B(s

1.6 x(s)

if s A

0.18

1.44 8

B(8)

1.44

x(t)

x(t)

0.18e

0.02e

0.02 s 9

0.02

A( 9) 0.18 s 1

0.02e

0.18e

overdamped

Drill Problem 2.5

Direction: Solve each of the problems completely using Laplace transform. 1.) A spring mass is such that a 4-lb weight stretches it 6 in. an impressed force cos 8t is acting

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

Solution:

Let us solve for the needed values

140

on the spring. If the 4-lb weight started from the equilibrium point with an imparted upward velocity 4 ft/sec, determine the position of the weight as a function of time.

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

x (0) Fs 4 kx ft sec

Solving for k:

4 lb Solving for and 2: k

kg w

bg w

lbs 8 ft (32) 4 lbs (0)(32) 2 lbs

lbs ft

1 ft 2

64

Substituting the values in the equation, we get x (t) x (t) 2x (t) 64x(t) x(t)

s X(s)

sx(0) s X(s) X(s)

x (0)

64X(s)

1 cos 8t 2

F (t) 1 s 2 s 64

X(s) s

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

141

Performing partial fraction for 1 2s (s 64)

1 2 (s

64

64X(s) s

As B s 64

64)

1 s 2 s 64 : s

1 s 2 s 64 4 64 4

Cs D (s 64)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1 s 2 1 s 2 As(s A(s 64) s :0 64A B(s 64) A Cs Cs D D

64s)

B(s

64)

Therefore,

s :0 X(s)

s:

1 2

s :0 64B

D; 64)

C;

0 4

1 2

2.) A spring is such that is stretched 6 in by a 12-lb weight. The 12-lb weight is pulled down 3 in below the equilibrium point and then released. If there is an impressed force of magnitude 9 sin 4t, describe the motion. Solution: Let us solve for the needed values x(0)

x(t)

x(t)

1 2 (s

1 (t cos 8t 2

1 t cos 8t 2

1 sin 8t 2

64

sin 8t)

x (0) Fs

3in

1 ft 4

Solving for k:

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

12 lb

142

kx

1 ft 2

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

k kg w 24 lbs ft

Solving for and 2:

Then substituting the values in the equation, we would get, x (t) x (t) 2x (t) 64x(t) x(t) 9 sin 4t F (t) 9 s 4

bg w

lbs 24 ft (32) 12 lbs (0)(32) 2 lbs

64

s X(s)

s X(s)

sx(0)

X(s)

X(s) s (s

1 s 4

x (0)

36 16) s

64

64X(s)

64X(s)

36 s 16 64

36 s 16 1 s 4

16

s 1 64 4 s

Performing partial fraction expansion: (s 36 16) s

64 Cs D s 64 16s) 3 4 0 16)

36 36

As(s A(s

(s

64s)

64)

36 16) s

s: 0

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

s :0

64A

D;

16C;

143

s :0

B(s

B(s A

64

64)

64)

As B s 16 C(s Cs(s A

D(s

D(s

16)

16)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

s : 36 Therefore, 64B 16D; D 3 4 4

X(s)

3.) A spring is such that a 2-lb weight stretches ft. An impressed force sin 8 is acting upon the spring. If the 2-lb weight is released from a point 3 in below the equilibrium point, determine the equation of the motion. Solution: Let us first find the needed values x(0) 1 ft 4

x(t)

x(t)

1 2 (s

1 (t cos 8t 2

1 t cos 8t 2

64)

1 sin 8t 2

64

sin 8t)

Solving for k:

x (0) Fs

3in

2 lb Solving for and 2: k

4 lbs/ft 64

kx

1 ft 2

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

Now that we have the values, we can substitute it to the equation x (t) 2x (t) x(t) F (t)

144

kg w

bg w

(4 lbs/ft)(32) 2 lbs (0)(32) 2 lbs

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

x (t) 64x(t) 1 sin 8t 4 s

s X(s)

s X(s) X(s)

sx(0)

X(s) s x(t)

1 s 4 (s

x (0)

64

64X(s) s

64X(s) 2

8 1 4 s 64 1 s 4 64

4.) A spring is such that a 16-lb weight stretches it 1.5 in. The weight is pulled down 4 in below the equilibrium point and given an initial down ward velocity of 4 ft/sec. an impressed force of 360 cos 4t lb is applied. Find the position and velocity of the weight at time t sec. Solution: Let us first find the values needed x(0) x

x(t)

1 (t sin 8t 4

1 tsin 8t 4

2 64)

s 1 64 4 s 1 cos 8t 4 cos 8t)

64

1.5 in

x (0)

4in

1 ft 8 4 ft sec

1 ft 3

Solving for k:

128 lbs/ft Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

145

16lb

Fs

kx

1 ft 8

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Solving for and 2:

Substituting the values we get in the equation x (t) x (t) 2x (t) 256x(t) x (0) 4 x(t)

kg w

(128lbs/ft)(32) 16lbs bg w (0)(32) 2 lbs

256

s X(s)

s X(s)

sx(0)

Performing partial fraction expansion: 360s As(s s 256) 360s 16 s 256 B(s B(s A C 256)

X(s)

X(s) s

1 s 3

360s 16 s 256

256

256X (s) 360 s 16 1 3 s

256X(s)

360 cos 4t

F (t) 360s s 16 4

As B s 16

256 s

1 s 3

360s s 16 s

360s

A(s

256s) s :0

256)

C(s

Cs(s

Cs

16s) A 3 2

16)

D 256

4 256

D(s

D(s

16)

16)

s: 360 Therefore, X(s) s :0

s :0

3 s 2 s 16

3 2 s

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

256

1 3 s

256

4 256

146

256B

256A

D;

16D;

16C;

0 0

3 2

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

x(t) x (t) 3 cos 4t 2 sin 4t 7 cos 16t 6 56 sin 16t 3 v 1 sin 16t 4 4 cos 16t

if t

, x(t)

ft

5.) A 20-lb weight stretches a certain spring 10 in. Let the spring first be compressed 4 in, and then the 20-lb weight attached and given an initial downward velocity of 8 ft/sec. Find how far the weight would drop. Solution: Let us first find the needed values x(0) x (0)

x (t)

2 ft/sec

43 in

Solving for k:

8ft/sec kx 5 ft 6

1 ft 3

20 lb Solving for and 2: k

Fs

24 lbs/ft 192 5

x (t)

192 x(t) 5

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

147

Substituting the values we get in the equation, x (t) 2x (t) x(t)

kg w

bg w

lbs 24 ft (32) 20 lbs (0)(32) 2 lbs

F (t)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

s X(s) sx(0) x (0) 192 X(s) 5 1 3 0

s X(s)

X(s) x(t)

X(s) s

8s

8 cos

8s 192 s 5

192 5

1 3

192 X(s) 5 1 3 s 8s

815 t 15

815 15 sin t 72 15 2 kg. If the time between two of its initial value

1 192 5

6.) Consider an underdamped motion of a body mass m Solution:

consecutive maxima is 2 second the maximum amplitude decreases to after 15 cycles, what is the damping constant of the system? 2f 2 15 2 15

225 where k

225 k(9.81) 2(9.81) kg w

450

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

47.044

94.09

148

450

450

15 2

15 2

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

2 bg w

94.09 b

7.) A certain straight line motion is determined by the differential equation and the conditions that when t Solution: d x dt 0, x 2 dx dt 0 and x 169x 8 0 . (a) Find the value of that leads to

188.18

b(9.81) 2(9.81) kg r

critical damping and determine x in terms of t. (b) Use 14. Find x in terms of t. a.) y

12. Find x in terms of t. (c)

169 13 13 169x 169) 0 8 169x (s) 0

s x(s)

sx(0)

x(s)(s x(s)

x (0)

2(13)x 26x 26s

26sx(s)

169x

26x(0) 169

x(s)

b.) y

12

2(12)x

169x

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

149

x(t)

8 (s 13) 8te

8 26s

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

s x(s) sx(0) x (0) x(s) 24sx(s) s 24s 24x(0) 169 8 169x (s) 0

x(s)(s x(s)

x(s)

x(t)

8 5 (s

24s

8 24s 8

169)

8 e 5

5 12)

144

sin 5t

25

25

c.) y

14 s x(s) sx(0)

x(s)(s x(s) x(s)

x (0)

2(14)x

28sx(s) 28s

169x

x(s)

x(s)

s 8

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

150

x(t)

x(t)

33 (s 33 8 83 e 9 e

(s

28s

8 28s 8 14) 8

169)

28x(0) 169 27 8

169x (s)

196

27

33 14)

sinh 33 t

27

sinh 33 t

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

8.) A spring is such that a 2-lb weight stretches it damping force of magnitude |FD | spring. The weight starts Solution: ft. An impressed forced sin 8 and a

velocity of 3 ft/sec. Find a formula for the position of the weight at time t. x(0) FD bx 1 x (0) 4 3 2y 2y

ft below the equilibrium point and with an imparted upward

|v| (v is the velocity of the object) are both acting on the

| FD | FD b

bFD 1

|x|

2y

1(32) 2 16

bg w

FS

1 2

kx 4 64x 2

64

4(32) 2

kg w

s x(s)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

(s

(As

B)(s

8)

8)

C(s

64)(s

8)

D(s

64)

151

x(s)

x(s)(s (s

sx(0)

2 64)(s

2 64)(s

16s

x (0)

16x 64) 8)

16sx(s) s

1 s (s 8) 4 As B s 64

64

16x(0)

1 sin 8t 4 1 s 4 C

64x(s) ( 3) 3

(s

D (s 8)

8)

16

1 8 4 s 64 (s 1 4 4 8)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

2 (As B)(s 16s 64) C(s 8s C 64s D 1 64 512) D(s 64) Ds

As

16As

64As

Bs

16Bs s: 0

s : 0 1 512 s s s : 2

s : 0

64B

A Y(s) 1 512

64B

64A 0

16A

Cs

8Cs

64Cs

512C

64D

512C C

16B

8C

64C

9.) A spring is such that a 4-lb weight stretches 0.4 ft. The 4-lb weight is attached to the spring (suspended form a fixed support) and system is allowed to reach equilibrium. Then the weight is started from the equilibrium position with an imparted upward velocity of 2 ft/sec. assume that the position takes place in a medium that furnishes a retarding force of magnitude numerically equal to the speed in feet per second of the moving weight. Determine the position of the weight as a function of time. Solution: FD bx b FS 4 k 2y bg w 1(32) 4 8 kg w

y(t)

1 cos 8t 512

64

1 512

1 512 s

64D

1 e 64

1 8

1 64

(s

8)

FD

bFD 1

2y

2y

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

k(0.4) 10

80

152

kx

10(32) 4

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

s x(s)

sx(0)

x(s) x(s)

x(s)(s

x (0) s

8x

8s (s

8sx(s)

80x 80)

8x(0) 64 2

80x(s)

x(s)

2 8s 16 2 4) 8 4)

10.) A particle started along x-axis according to the law d x dt 6 dx dt 25x

x(t)

2 8 (s

1 e 4

sin 8t 0

64

If the particle stated x 0 with an initial velocity of 12 ft/sec to the left, determine (a) x in terms of t, (b) times at which stops occur, and (c) the ratio between the numerical values of x at successive stops. Solution: s x(s) sx(0) x (0) (s x 6x 6s 6sx(s) 25x 6x(0) 16 12 0 25x(s) 0

x(s)(s x(s)

x(t)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

153

x(t)

12 4 (s

12 6s 9) 3e 4 3)

25)

sin 4t

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Example 2.16
Find the current i(t) in a series RLC circuit with 11 , L 0.1H, C 10 F which is connected to a source voltage E(t) 100 sin 400t. Assume that the current and charge are zero when t 0. Solution: We are given the values R 11 R i(t) C 10 F L 0.1H E(t)

Substituting the values we have to the equation, 11 i(s) 0.1 i (s) L i (t) 1 i(s) 10 s 100 s 1 C i()d 100

V(t )

i(s)

i(s) 11 s

0.1s

4000s

100s C(s s: 40x10

(160x10 )s 16x10 (160x10 )s Bs 10s 110s 1000s) D(s 110s 1000) (160x10 )A C A s :0 s :0 100A 0.277 A (16x10 )B B D 10B B 110C C (1x10 )C 1x10 D 110D

i(s)

400

400

4000 0.1s 11s s 4000s s 110s

4000 s 400

400 s 400 100

1000

1.6x10

s :0

(16x10 )A

(1.6x10 )B

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

154

i(s)

2.3368

2.6144

4000s 400 (s 100)(s

258.68

10)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

By partial fraction expansion: s 4000s 400 (s 100)(s 400 ) B(s

10)

A s 10

B s 100 Cs(s

Cs

D 400 100) D(s 10)(s

4000s

A(s

i(t)

100)(s

0.277e

2.6144e

10)(s 400 ) 100)

2.3368 cos 400t

10)(s

0.6467 sin 400t A

Drill Problem 2.6

1. Find the current of a series LC circuit when L assuming zero initial current and charge. Solution: We are given the values C 0.05 F L 0.9 H, C 0.05 F and E sin t V,

Let us substitute the values to the equation Ls i(s) Li" (t) i(0) 1 i (t) c 1 i(s) Cs

0.9H

E(t) s

0.2s i(s) 0.2s

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

i(s)

(s

100)

155

i(s)

0.2s

(s

20 i(s) s 20

1 i(s) 0.05s

s )(0.2s 1 5s 1)(s

20)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

5s )(s 1 As B 100) C Cs (s D 1)

5s

5s

As (s A(s

(s

s)

1)

B(s

B (s

100)

s ; s ; 5 99 i(t) s s;

s ;

1) 5

1)

(s 0

C(s

Cs (s A B

100s) D

100)

D( s

D(s

100)

100)

5 cos 10t 99

100

0 C

100C

100D

2.) What are the conditions for an RLC circuit to be overdamped, critically damped and over damped? 3.) Find the steady-state current in the RLC circuit for the given data a.) R Solution: 8 C 0.5 F E 100 sin 2t

5 ( cost 99

5 cost 99

5 s ( ) 1 99 s cos10t)A

Since we are given the data, let us substitute them into the equation, and solve it simultaneously 0.5s I(s) 0.5s Li (t) 1 I(s) 0.1s 1 0.1s 1 (i)t C Ri(t) 8 I(s) 100(2) s 4 200 s 4

8 I(s)

200 s 4

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

156

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

0.5s (s 10 s 8s 200 s 4

I(s)

400s

400s

A (s

As (s

(s

400s 4 )(0.5s 16s 16s 16s 20s) 20) s : s:

I(s)

(s

200s 4 )(0.5s 8s 400s 4 )(s 16s 16s As s

I(s)

B (s

20)

B(s

s : A

s ; 20

400 0

16s

20) C

B 4

20) s

10) Cs D 16s 20 4s) 4)

I(s)

I(s)

(s

(s

5s

5s

Therefore,

i(t)

4)

4)

5 cos2t

(s

(s

5 , B 20, C 4) s

20B

20A

16A

20) B

Cs(s C(s D

D(s

D(s

4)

4)

20

10sin2t

4)

(s

5s 16s 5s 8)

-5 , D

4D

16B

D 100 16s

5e

cos44t

44

20

-100 s

(s

7011 sinht 11

100 8)

20

44

b.) R

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

157

Solution:

Steady state O. 25 H

5 cost

5x10 F

10 sin2t A

110 V

Since we are given the data, let us substitute them into the equation, and solve it simultaneously

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Ls I(s) 0.25s 1 i(s) cs R I(s) s 110 s

0.25 I(s) I(s)

1 5x10

I(s)

I(s)

0.25(s s

110s s(0.25s s 20000) 440 s 80000

20000 s

I(s)

I(s)

110 s

110 s

110 4s 80000) 4

I(s)

i(t)

79996

440

(s

c.) R

Solution:

1H

steady state C

1.556 e

440 2) 79996

sin79996t 0A

sin 1.556 t

0.05F

sin 3t V

Since we are given the data, let us substitute them into the equation, and solve it simultaneously s I(s) Ls I(s) s 1 I(s) 0.05s 157 3 (s 20 s 2s 1 i(s) cs R I(s) 2I(s) 157 3 9 s 9 157 1 3 s 9

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

I(s)

9)(s

2s

20)

158

I(s)

157 1 3 s 9 s

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

157 3 s 9)(s 2s 20) As s A B 9 Cs D s 2s 20 Cs (s 9)

157 s 3

As(s

(s

2s

s:

s :

s :

B (s

20) 0

2s

20) B C D

D(s

9)

157 3

s : 0 A

20A

2A

20B C

2B

9D D

9C

0 157 3

2( C) 20( C) 20B 2C

B 2B

157 3 0

11C

I(s)

11 S 3 s 9 i(t)

6,C s

11 cos3t 3

11 ,A 3

Solution:

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

6 , L

0.2H, C

0.02F, E

110 sin10t V

159

4.) Find the transient current in the RLC circuit for the given data

steady state

2sin3t

11 e cos19 t 3 cos3t

11 3 s

11 ,D 3 s 2s

9D

2B

9C

20

40 3

2 sin3t A

29 3 e sin19 t 19

40 3 s

1 2s

20

a.) R

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Since we are given the data, let us substitute them into the equation, and solve it simultaneously Ls I(s) 0.2 I(s) 1 I(s) cs 1 I(s) 0.025s 40 s 6s R I(s) 6 I(s) 110 10 s 100 1100 s 100

0.2s

I(s)

I(s)

i(s)

(s

(s

5500s

5500s

A(s

A(s

20)(s

(s

5500s 100)(s 10)(s 100) 20s B(s

i(s)

(s

1100s 100) (0.2)(s 30s 5500s 100)(s 30s A (s 10) 5500s 100)(s 10)(s 100) 200) A

1100s 100)(0.2s

I(s)

1100 s 100 40

6s)

(s

200) 20)

200)

1000s

2000) s ;

10)(s

20)

s ; 0

B(s 100s 10s D(s 30s 200) 0 100A A 20A 0 100B C) B 10B C B C

Cs (s)(s

B (s 20)

1000) D

30s

(s

Cs

C (s

200)

D 100)

30s

D((s

200s)

30s

s;

s ;

5500 0

2000A

1000B 30C D

200C D

30C

200D D

30D

5500

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

100( B

20B

C)

10C

100B

eq. 1

200C

30D

160

20( B 20B

20C

30C

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

5500 0 B 0 0 110 9 100B 100C C) 100B 200C 200D 30D

5500

2000B C

2000( B 1000B

100C

30 D eq. 2 100B 1000B

2000C

Therefore,

i(t)

I(s)

385 e 18

385 18 s 10

110 e 9

110 9 s 20

55 6

2000C D

55 6 s s 100

1375 A 9

2000D eq. 3

2000D 385 18

55 cos 10t 6

1379 9 s 100

275 sin 10t 18 A

b.) R

Solution:

0.2

transient current 0.1H C

2F

385 e 18 E

757 sin 0.5t

110 e 9

Since we are given the data, let us substitute them into the equation, and solve it simultaneously Ls I(s) 1 I(s) cs R I(s) 754 s 0.5 1 4

0.1 I(s) 1 5s

1 I(s) 2s 2s 1

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

161

I(s)

2 5 s I(s)

0.2 I(s)

754s 1 1 2 4 (5 s 5s

377 1 s 4

377 1 s 4

1)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

I(s) 3770s 1 (s 2s 4 5) 0 2s As s

3770s

As( s

2s

3770s 1 (s 2s 4 5) s : s :

B((s 0 0

s: 3770 s :

5A

2A

5) C

B 1 4 D

5)

C s

Cs

2s

1 s 4

D s

1 4

3770 B 80 C 0

3770

2C

5B

2B

760s 1 s 4

760s 1 s 4

760s

760(s

80

80

1 4 D

1 4

760

5B

2B

5C

760 D

1)

760s (s 1) D D

760s s 2s 5 4

1 D eq. 3 4

19 C eq. 2 4 1600 A 760

2B

D eq. 1

1 D 4

1 C 4

1 C 4

1600 s 2s 5

760s 760

1600 (s 1) 4 1600 1600

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

162

1600

760s

840

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

I(s) 760s 1 s 4 1 2 80 760 (s 1) (s 1) 4 760e 840 (s 1)

i(t)

c.) R

Solution:

i(t) transient current L H C

760 cos

1 160 sin t 2

1 4

760e F

cos 2t E

cos 2t e

420e

420e

(1.932 cos t

sin 2t A

sin 2t 0.256 sin t)

Since we are given the data, let us substitute them into the equation, and solve it simultaneously 1 I(s) Cs E 483 e 250 s 4 483 1 250 (s 4) 4 1 I(s) 10 1 cos t 2 123 e 500 1 sin t 2 123 500 (s 1 2

Ls I(s)

1 s I(s) 2

50s I(s) I(s) I(s)

1 s 2

1 I(s) 100 13 s 13 s 100

R I(s)

483 s 250 (s

13 10s I(s) 100s

1 I(s) 10

483 250 s (s

(s

483 7851 100s 250 s 1000 1 8s 16 4 (50s 10s 966 7851 5 s 10 1 13 s 8s 5 s 50 7851 500 s 8s

483 s 250

7851 1000 1 4) 4

966 125 4)

123 1000 1 4

4)

1 4

7851 1000 1 4) 4 13) 65 4

65 4

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

163

50 s

483 125 s 13 1 5 s 50

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

483 125 s 13 1 s 50 5 8s 8s 7851 500 s As B 1 13 s 5 s 50 65 4 65 4 Cs s C s D Cs D

483 s 125

483 s 125

7851 500

7851 500

A s

As s

65 s 4

65 4

B s

8s

65 4

B s

8s 8s A

s;

483 125

s ;0 s ; 0

s ;0

7851 500

65 A 4

8A

483 125 B

483 125

13

8C

65 B 4 B C

8B

1 C 5

1 s 5

1 s 5

8s

13 50

65 4

13 s 50

D s

D s

1 s 5

1 s 5

13 50

13 50

13 C 50

16 65 s 1 13 5 s 50 s

309 ,C 325 s

7851 500

8B

65 C 4

39 C 5

1599 C 100 16 ,D 65 65 B 4

8B

1 5

13 D 50 D

1 D 5

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

16 309 65 s 325 1 1 13 5 s 100 50

309 325 1 13 5 s 50

63 ,A 65 16 65 s 8s

13 D 50

1 D 5

13 C 50

eq. 1

eq. 2 16 65 s

1 D 5

s 1 100

(s

164

16 65 s

65 4

4)

63 65

8s 1 4

63 65

65 4

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

16 309 65 s 325 1 1 s 10 4 309 325 309 325 63 65 16 s 65 63 65

16 s 65

16 s 65 16 s 65

16 s 65 317 325 16 s 65

(s

2)

468 325 2) D

1 10

1 4

16 s 65 I(s)

63 65

16 65 s 1 cos t 2 C s

transient current

5.) Find an expression for the current at any time t in the RLC circuit given the data

16 e 65

634 e 325

1 10 1 10

16 s 65

16 (s 65 31 65

32 65

D 2) 31 65 1 4

317 325 1 4

16 ( 65 s (s

1 sin t 2 E

16 e 65

2)

1 cos t 2

31 16 e 130 65

1 sin t A 2

a.) R

Solution:

0.1H

0.025F

10 sin 10t

Since we are given the data, let us substitute them into the equation, and solve it simultaneously Ls I(s) 0.1s I(s) 1 I(s) Cs 40 s 1 I(s) 0.025 4s R I(s) 4 I(s) 10 10 s 100 100 s 100

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

0.1s

I(s)

100 s 100

165

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

I(s) 100s )(0.1s 100

I(s)

(s I(s)

(s

1000s

A(s

1000s

20s

A(s

(s

100s

20)(s

1000s 100)(s

2000)

100)

20)

(s

1000s 100)(s 40s A s 20 A 1000s 100)(s

4s

B(s

B(s

s: 1000 s :0 0 0

s :0

s :0

100) B

100) C

(s

20)

400)

40)

B 20)

C(s

Cs(s D

40s

20)

Cs

D 100

400s)

D(s

D(s

20)

40s

400)

20A A

2000A B 20C

100A

100B C D

400C 40C

40C

400D D

40D

1000 0

1000

b.) R

1H

0.04F

600(cos t

4 sin t)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

166

i(t)

i(t)

6 5 20

2000C

300C

100C 6 ,D 5

20C

2 (3 cos 10t 5

6 e 5

40 (s 20)

40, C

100B

40D

400C

eq. 1

40te

6 s 5 s 100 e

16, A

400D

eq. 2

40D eq. 3 6 5

4 sin 10t)

6 cos 10t 5

16 s 100 6 5

8 sin 10t 5

40t A

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Solution:

Since we are given the data, let us substitute them into the equation, and solve it simultaneously Ls I(s) s I(s) s 1 I(s) Cs 1 I(s) 0.04s 25 s 6s R I(s) 6I(s) 600 600s s s s 1 2400 1 s 4 1

600s

600s

2400s

(s

2400s

As(s A(s

600s 26s

I(s)

26s

26s

2400s 25)(s 1) 25) 25s) s :0

(s

600s 26s

I(s)

B(s

As s

2400s 25)(s 1) 26s B C B 1 s 25)

600s s

2400 1

Cs D 26s 25 Cs(s C(s

B(s 6A A

26s D

25)

1) s)

D(s

D(s

1)

1)

s: 2400 600

s : 600

s :0

25A B

2400 A 0

2400

6C

25B

6B

100, B 100s 100s

25B

24C

25C D

6B

6B

eq. 1 eq. 2 D 0 C

0, C

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

100s

300

167

100(s

100, D 300 3)

eq. 3

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

I(s) 100s s 1 100(s (s 3) 100e 100s 6s 25

c.) R

Solution:

3.6

i(t)

I(s)

0.2H

100 cos t C

100s s 1

I(s)

100s s 1

(s

0.0625F

cos 4t E

3) 16

100s 3) 16 (s 75e

300 16 3)

164 cos 10t

sin 3t A

Since we are given the data, let us substitute them into the equation, and solve it simultaneously 0.2s I(s) Ls I(s) (0.2s 1 I(s) 0.0625s 16 s 1 I(s) Cs R I(s) 3.6 I(s) 164s s 100 164s s 100

I(s)

I(s)

(s

820s

820s

A(s

A(s

10)(s

(s

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

s : 820

10A

8B

18C

168

10s D(s

100)

820s 100)(s 8)(s 100s 18s B(s

I(s)

(s

164s 100)(0.2s

3.6s)I(s)

(s

820s 100)(s 18s 820s 100)(s 8)(s 100) B s A 8

3.6s

164s s 100

1000) 80)

8)(s

10)

s :0

B(s

8s

Cs(s C

B s 10 100s

10)

80)

16)

18s

Cs

800)

80)

D 100 C(s

D(s

18s

18s

80s)

80)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

s: 0 820 100A 100B C) B 80C 18D D

s :0

1000A A

800B 8B C 8B D

80D 18C

820 0 0 0

10( B 10B 2B

100( B 100C 0

820

10C

18C 80C eq. 2

100B 20C

C)

8C

100B

eq. 1

D 18D

1000 ( B 1000B 200B s 205, C

i(t)

I(s)

1000C 45, D s

1000C

C)

18D

100B

80C

18D

800B 80D

800B

80D

160e

160 s 8

205e

205 10

45 cos 10t

45s 100

50, A

eq. 3 s 160

80D 50 100

5 sin 10t A

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

169

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

UNIT 3

FOURIER SERIES, INTEGRALS AND TRANSFORMS

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

170

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Example 3.1
Find the Fourier coefficients of the periodic function and determine its Fourier series expansion. Solution: a f(t) k k

t 0 0 t

Since the graph of the function is symmetrical to the origin, the function is odd. 0 and a
.

1 cos nt k n

k sin nt dt

f(t) sin nt dt

cos nt n

k sin nt dt

b b

since, cos( n)

cos n

k cos 0 n b

k cos nt| n cos( n) k 2 n

cos nt| cos n cos 0

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

1; b

171

4k

2k 1 n

2 cos n cos n n 2; b 0

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Drill Problem 3.1

Direction: Find the Fourier series expansion of the given f(t) which is assumed to have the period 2. In the expansion, terms involving cos5t and sin5t must be included. 1.)

Solution:

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

172

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

a 1
.

sin nt 2 n 0 2 1 n n sin 0 sin sin sin 0 2 2 1 n a 2sin 2 2 n a sin 2 1 sin nt n 0 a 2 3 a 0

cos nt dt

f(t)cos nt dt

cos nt dt

b 1 1 2

cos 0

cos nt n

sin nt dt 0

f(t) sin nt dt

2 5

2 n cos 2 1 cos 3t 3 b

f(t)

2 cos t

cos nt 2 n 0 n cos cos 0 2 1 cos 5t 5

sin nt dt

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

173

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

2.)

Solution:

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

174

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

3.)

Solution:

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

175

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

4.)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

176

Solution:

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1 2

a a a

1 0 2 a

1 t 2 2

tdt

tcos nt dt 1 a

2 2

0 2 0

t 2 2 0 2 2

tdt

f(t)cos nt dt

1 2

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

177

f(t)

2 sin t

tcos nt 2 sin nt 2 n 0 n 0 2 2 cos( n ) sin( n ) cos(n ) sin(n ) 2 2 2 2 2 2 n n n n cos(n ) 2 sin(n ) 1 2 2 2 b n n b 0 1 2 1 2 b b b b 2 9 4 25 tcos nt n 0 sin nt n 0 1 sin 3t 9 1 sin 5t 25 1 sin 2t 2 1 sin 4t 4

tsin nt dt

f(t) sin nt dt

tcos nt dt

cos nt dt

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

5.)

Solution:

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

178

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

6.)

Solution:

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

179

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

7.)

Solution:

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

180

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1 2 1 2
.

a a

1 tsin nt 0 cos nt 0 tsin nt cos nt n n n 0 n 0 ( n) ( n) 1 sin cos 0 cos sin n cos n n n n n n 1 2sin n 2cos n 2cos 0 a n n n 4 4 a 0 a a 0 a 9 a b 1
P .

tcos nt dt

f(t)cos nt dt

tcos nt dt

cos 0 n

4 25

cos( n) n b 0

tcos nt 0 n b b

sin nt n 2 b (

tsin nt dt 0

f(t) sin nt dt

f(t)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

181

cos t 4

2cos(n) 2 3

cos(n)

tcos nt n 0 2 ) ()cos(n) n b

tsin nt dt

sin nt n 0

sin(n) n b 2 5

1 cos 3t 9

1 cos 5t 25

2(sin t

1 sin 3t 3

1 sin 5t 5

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

8.)

9.) t

Solution:

a 1 2 t 3
.

1 2

1 2 a

t dt

f(t)dt

1 4

4 25

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

182

1 t sin nt 0 n
( )

2tcos nt 0 n a 1 n
(

t cos nt dt
)

1 2 2 3 a 3
P .

t 3 0

t dt

f(t)cos nt dt

4cos n n 4 a 9

2sin nt 0 n 0

t cos nt dt
( )

4sin n n

t sin nt n 0

2tcos nt n 0
)

2sin nt n 0

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

b 1
.

b f(t) 10.) t Solution: 0 3 4 cos t 2

t sin nt dt b

f(t) sin nt dt 0

t sin nt dt 1 cos 5t 25

1 cos 2t 4

1 cos 3t 9

1 cos 4t 16

a a

1 2

1 2

f(t)dt

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

f(t) sin nt dt

183

1 t sin nt 2 2tcos nt 2 2sin nt 2 n 0 n 0 n 0 1 4 sin(2n) 4cos(2) 2sin(2n) n n n 4 1 a 1 a a a 9 4 1

8 6
P .

1 t 2 3 0 4 3

t dt

f(t)cos nt dt

t cos nt dt

4 25

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1

b f(t) 4 3 4 cos t

1 cos 2t 4

1 cos 3t 9

t sin nt dt 0 1 cos 4t 16 1 cos 5t 25

Example 3.2
Find the Fourier series expansion of the function whose period is p 4 Solution: f(t) k k 2 t 0 p 0 t 2 4

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

184

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

p 4 L 2L 2

2L

Since the graph of the function is symmetrical to the origin, it is an odd function b a 1 L 0 and a
.

k 2

1 2

k cos 0 n b

2 n cos n 2

( k) sin

f(t) sin n dt 2

n dt L

k sin

nt k cos n 2

since, cos( n) b k 2 n 2k 1 n

cos( n)

cos

2 n cos n 2 nt 2

n dt 2

2 cos n n cos n

cos n

cos n

cos 0

n n

1; b 3; b

2; b

4k 4k 3 0

n 5; b

f(t)

4k sin t 2

1 3 sin t 3 2

1 5 sin t 5 2 Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

185

3; b

2; b

4k 5

4; b

4k 3 0

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Drill Problem 3.2

Direction: Find the Fourier series expansion of the following periodic functions. Terms involving 1.) f(t) cos 5t and sin 5t must be included. 1 1 2 0 t t 0 p 2 4

Solution:

Since the graph is symmetrical to the origin, it is an odd function therefore b a 1 L 0 and a
L L

p 4

f(t) sin 2L 2 2L

nt dt L

b 1 n

1 2 2 n

1 2

( cos 0 b b

cos

4 3

0 nt 0 cos 2 2 2 2n 2n 0) cos ) cos cos 2 2 2 1 cos n n b b 0 0

sin

nt 2

nt 2

sin

nt dt 2

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

186

4 5

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Therefore, 0 4 2 0

f(t) t t

2.) f(t)

Solution:

0 p 2

4 t (sin 2 4

1 3t sin 3 2

1 5t sin 5 2

p 4

1 2L

2L 2

f(t)dt

1 2L a a

2L 4dt

1 4t 2L a 1 8 4 2

0dt

1 L

a b

1 2

f(t) cos 4 cos

4 sin n n 1 L a
L

2 nt sin n 2 0

nt dt 2

nt dt L

sin 0 nt dt L Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

f(t) sin

187

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1 2 nt dt 2

Therefore,

8 ;b 2

4 cos n n

2 nt cos n 2

4 sin

0; b

4 cos n n 8 ;b 3

cos 0 1 8 5

0; b

f(t) t

3.) f(t)

Solution:

1, p

8 sin t 2

1 3 sin t 3 2

1 5 sin t 5 2

Since the graph is symmetrical to the y-axis, it is an even function 1 2L L b

L

p a 2

2L 1

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

188

1 2

2L

f(t) dt

1 1 2 3

1 t 2 3

t dt 1 3

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

a 1 3

Using integration by parts a t sin t n a

1 L

4.) f(t)

f(t)

Therefore, 1 3

4 ;a

2 cos(n) cos( n) n 4 cos n a n 1 4 1 ;a ;a ;a 9 4 1 cos 3t 9

2t cos nt n

t cos nt dt

f(t) cos

nt dt L 2 sin nt n

4 25 1 cos 5t 25

Solution:

4 cos t t

1, p

1 cos 2t 4 2

1 cos 4t 16

Since the graph is symmetrical to the origin, it is an odd function b a 1 L 0 and a

L L

p 2

f(t) sin 2L 1 2L

nt dt L

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

189

t sin

nt dt L

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Using integration by parts t cos t n b 1 2
3 4

2t sin nt n b 2

b
f(t)

1
1

6 ;b

6 sin t

Therefore,

3 4

;b

12 2 cos n cos n n n 1 6 cos n cos n n n 1 3 2 9 ;b

6t cos nt n

4 sin nt n

1 4
3 32

3 32

;b
1 5

1 5

6 125
sin 5t

1 2

sin 2t

1 3

2 9

sin 3t

1 4

sin 4t

6 125

5.) f(t)

Solution:

sin t 0

1, p

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

190

1 L f(t) dt 2L L p 2L 1 2L 1 L 2 1 a sin t dt 1 2 2 1 a cos t 1 a cos 1 2 a 1 L nt a f(t) cos dt L L L 1 a sin t cos 2nt dt 1 2 a a 2 sin t cos 2nt dt

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Using integration by parts 2 2 a sin t sin 2nt cos t cos 2nt (2n 1) n(2n 1) 2 a cos 2n cos 0 n(2n 1) 4 4 4 a 0; a ;a 0; a ;a 0; a 3 15 35 f(t) 2 4 1 cos 2t 3 ,p 1 1 cos 4t 15 1 cos 6t 35

6.) f(t)

Solution:

cos t

p 1

1 2L L

2L 1 2

2L

f(t) dt

1 1 2 2 a

Since the graph is symmetrical to the y-axis, it is an even function a 1 L

L

1 1 1 2 a b 0

1 sin t

cos t dt

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

1 1 2

cos t cos 2nt dt

191

f(t) cos

nt dt L

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Using integration by parts a

f(t) t

cos t sin 2nt 2 cos t cos 2nt (2n 1) n(2n 1) 2 a cos n cos( n) (2n 1) 2n 4 a cos n n(2n 1) 4 4 4 0; a ;a 0; a ;a 0; a 3 15 35 2 4 1 cos 2t 3 2 1 cos 4t 15 1 cos 6t 35

7.) f(t)

Solution:

|t|

1, p

Since the graph is symmetrical to the y-axis, it is an even function a 1 2L L b

L

p a 2

2L 1

1 2

2L

f(t) dt

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

1 1 1 2 2 2 1 a 2

1 |t| 2 2

|t| dt

192

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1 L
L

a a

a f(t) t t

4 ;a 1 2

t 2 sin nt cos nt n n 2 cos nt a n 2 (1 cos n) a n 0; a 4 ;a 9

|t| cos nt dt

f(t) cos

nt dt L

8.) f(t)

Solution:

1 1

t t

1 0

0 p 1

4 cos t 2

1 cos 3t 9

1 cos 5t 25

0; a

4 25

Since the graph is symmetrical to the y-axis, it is an even function a 1 L f(t) dt 2L L p 2L 2 2L L 1 t) dt b 0

1 2

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

1 t t t 2 2 1 1 1 a 1 2 2 1 a 2

(1

(1

193

t 2 1 2

t) dt

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1 L
L

1 sin nt n

t sin nt n a

cos nt dt

(1

t) cos nt dt

f(t) cos

nt dt L (1

9.) f(t)

Solution:

f(t)

1 2

4 ;a

2 2 cos n cos n n n 2 (1 cos n) a n 0; a 1 cos 3t 9 4 ;a 9

1 cos nt n

t cos nt dt

1 sin nt n

cos nt dt

t) cos nt dt

2 n

t sin nt n

t cos nt dt

1 cos nt n

1, p

4 cos t 2

1 cos 5t 25

0; a

5 25

a a

1 2

1 L f(t) dt 2L L p 2L 2 2L L 1 1 t 2 (1 t 3

t ) dt 1 3

1 1 2 a

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

194

Since the graph is symmetrical to the y-axis, it is an even function

1 1 3 2 3

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1 L
L

1 sin nt n

t 2t sin t cos nt n n 2 a cos n cos( n) n 1 ;a a 4 cos n n 4 ;a 9

cos nt dt

(1

f(t) cos

t ) cos nt dt

nt dt L

t cos nt dt

2 sin nt n

f(t) 10.) f(t) 0 t

2 3

4 cos t 2 0 t t

4 ;a

Solution:

0 p 2

1 cos 2t 4 4 a

1 cos 3t 9

1 cos 4t 16

1 ;a 4

1 25 cos 5t

4 25

1 4

1 L f(t) dt 2L L p 2L 4 2L L 2 1 t 4 2 1 a 2 0 dt

a 1 2

t dt

1 2t sin t 2 n

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

t cos

nt dt 2 4 cos nt n

195

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

a 2 (cos 2n n 1 L 4 ;a 9
L L

4 ;a

0; a b b

1)

1 2

2t cos nt n

1 2

t sin

f(t) sin

1 4 t 1 3t 1 5t cos cos cos 2 2 9 2 25 2 2 t 1 2t 1 3t 1 4t 1 5t sin sin sin sin sin 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 f(t) b 2 ;b 1 ;b 2 ;b 3 1 ;b 2

2 cos nt n

nt dt 2 2 sin t n

nt dt L

0; a

4 25

2 5

Example 3.3
Find the Fourier series expansion of the function f(t) 0 k 0 2 1 1 t 1 1 p 2

Solution:

p 4 L

2L 2

t t

Since the graph of the function is symmetrical to the y-axis, it is an even function Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

196

2L

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

b 0

1 (2) 2 a a

1 2L

k 1 4

1 kt| 4

0 dt

f(t) dt

k dt

1 0 2 a

1 L

a
.

2k 4 k 2

f(t) cos k cos

k 2 nt sin 2 n 2 nt k sin n 2 n 2 sin

k 2

cos

nt dt 2 nt 2

nt dt L

since, sin a

k n sin n 2

sin

2; b

4; b

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

197

1; b

2k

2k n sin n 2

( n) 2

( n) 2

3; b

2k 3

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

n 5; b 2k 5 f(t)

k 2

2k cos t 2

1 3 cos t 3 2

1 5 cos t 5 2

Direction: Determine whether the following functions are even or odd then find its Fourier series 1.) f(t) expansion. Terms involving cos 5t and sin 5t must be included. |t| t

Drill Problem 3.3

Solution:

Since the graph is symmetrical to the y-axis, it is an even function Then, solve for a b 0

a a

1 2

1 ( 2

1 t 2 a

( 2

|t| 2

|t|) dt 2

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

1 sin nt|

t sin nt n

1 cos nt n

198

cos nt dt

2 2

|t|) cos nt dt

t cos nt dt

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

a 2 (1 n cos n)

Therefore,

f(t) 1

4 ;a

4 cos t 1

0; a

4 ;a 9

1 cos 3t 9

0; a

1 cos 5t 25

4 25

2.) f(t)

Solution:

2t|t|

Since the graph is symmetrical to the origin, it is an odd function a 0 and a 0

b b 2

1 L

b b

2 2 0

cos nt
( )

sin nt cos 0 b

t sin ntdt

f(t) sin 1

nt dt L t sin ntdt 2

2 cos( n) n 4 (

4 cos 0 n

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

4); b

2 ;b

199

4 cos( n) n 4 (9 27 cos n n

cos( n)

cos nt

cos nt 2

cos nt cos n

sin nt cos 0

4 cos n

2 cos n n 4 n

cos n

4 cos( n) n

4 cos 0 n 4)

4); b

1 ;b

4 (25 25

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

f(t) ( 4) sin t (9 4) sin 3t (25 4) sin 5t

sin 2t

sin 4t

sin 6t

3.) f(t)

Solution:

Since the graph is symmetrical to the origin, it is an odd function a 0 and a

.

t cos nt n

1 sin nt n

t sin nt dt

f(t) sin nt dt ( t) sin nt dt t cos nt n

b f(t)

4 ;b

1 1 sin nt n

cos nt n

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

200

4 sin t

0; b

1 n 3 sin n 2

1 sin nt n sin

1 sin nt n

1 sin 3t 3

4 ;b 9

3n 2

1 cos 5t 25

0; b

4 25

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

4.) f(t) e e 0 t t 0

Solution:

Since the graph is symmetrical to the y-axis, it is an even function b 0

1 2

1 2

1 2

a a
( )

e n(n
)

2 e 2 e

dt

f(t) dt

cos nt dt cos nt
1

e dt e

e cos nt dt e cos nt n 1 e n(n cos nt

( )

e cos( n)

ne cos nt n 1

1)

e cos( n)

e cos n

1)

e cos n

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

f(t)

(e

1)

(e

1) cos t

1) cos 2t

1) cos 3t

1) cos 4t

1)

201

(e

1); a

2 (e 5

2 (e 5

1); a

n(n

5(e

1)

(e cos n 1) ;a

1 (e 4

2 (e 17

1)

2 (e 17

1); a

1 (e 26

1 (e 26

1)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

5.) f(t) 2 0 2 0 t t 0 2 a

Solution:

1 2L p L

1 4

2 dt

f(t) dt

Since it is odd function

a 1 L

1 0 2

1 2t 4 1

1 4

0 dt

0 n t dt L

b b f(t) 4 ;b

1 2

f(t) sin 2 sin

2 cos 0 n 0; b

2 n cos t n 2

n t dt 2

2 1 n

cos ( n) cos n 0; b 4 5

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

4 t sin 2

1 3t sin 3 2

202

4 ;b 3

1 5t sin 5 2

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Find the Fourier transform of f(t) Solution:

1 if |x| F()

Example 3.4
1 and f(t) 1

0 otherwise. dt 1

F()

F()

2 1 1

f(t)e e

since 2j sin Therefore,

F() e

1 2 j 1 (e j 1

dt

F()

2j sin j 2 2 sin

F()

Direction; Find the Fourier transform of the following functions using the Fourier transform integral. 1. f(t) Solution: 0 1
||

Drill Problem 3.4

otherwise

|t|

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

203

F()

f(t)e

dt

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

F() 1 |t| e a 1 a

For |t|e du u

F()

dt

|t|e

dt

dt

Performing integration by parts |t| dt v

dv

|t|e

|t|e

dt

F()

F()

|t|e 2 1

|t|e

dt

|t|

F() 2.) f(t) Solution: e

||

1 e j

1 e j

dt

dt

|t| e j

1 j

|t| e j 1 j e

|t| e j |t| e j

1 e j 1 e 1 e

dt

1 e j

a e j

1 j

1 e

1 e

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

F()

||

dt

204

F()

f(t)e

dt

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

F() 1 e j dt

F()

F()

2 1

)| |

3.) f(t)

Solution:

te 0

1 t 0 otherwise F()

F()

)| |

Performing integration by parts du u t dt

F()

F()

2 1

2 1

te

te e
(

f(t)e

dt

dt

dt dv e
( )

F()

F()

F() 1 j

F()

e 2 1 j

1 e (1 j)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

205

F()

j e

( )

e 1

1 e (1 j) 1 (1 j)

1 e (1 j)
( )

v
(

1 (1 j)

dt

dt

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

4.) f(t) |t| 0 1 t 1 otherwise F() u t 2 1 |t|e dt dv e dt

Solution:

Performing integration by parts du dt

F()

F()

|t|

F()

F()

F()

|t|

since: sin

1 e j

|t| e j e

|t| e j 1 e j e

1 j

1 e j e

1 e j 1 e 1 e

dt

dt

1 e j

F()

2 sin 1

e 2j

; 2j sin j e

1 e e

F()

2 sin j 2 2 sin j

j sin j

2j sin j

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

206

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1 0 t

5.) f(t)

Solution:

otherwise

0 1

F() F()

F() 2 1 1

F()

F()

1 2 j 1 1

1 e 2 j 2 2 j 2 cos ja 2 1

f(t)e dt

dt e

1 e j

since: cos 2 cos

1 e j e e

1 e j e

1 e j

dt

F()

F()

2 2 j 1

1 e j

1 j

1 2 j

2 cos cos

ja 2

ja 2

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

207

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Example 3.6
If the function f(t) has the Fourier Transform (), use the linearity and shifting in the frequency domain properties of the Fourier Transform to find f(t) cos at Solution: e e f(t) cos at

since, cos at

By shifting in the frequency domain, Therefore, And e f(t) 2

f(t) cos at

af(t)

bg(t)

, use the linearity theorem: a () e 2 bG() f(t) e 2

f(t)

a)

f(t)

( a) 2 ( a) 2 ( a) 2

e f(t) 2 () ( a) 2

If f(t)

()

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

f(t)e

dt

208

Example 3.4

Solution:

1 0

1 t 1 plot f(2t) and f otherwise

Example 3.7
and find their Fourier Transform. Use the results of

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1

()

()

() 1

since, e

()

Using the property of time scaling, We found out, and f(ct)

()

2j sin j 2 2 sin c c

1 j

1 e j e

dt

2j sin

f(2t) f t 2

2 sin 2

2 sin 2

1 1 t 1 using the results in Example 3.4 and the 0 otherwise Differentiation Property of the Fourier Transform Find the Fourier Transform of f(t) Solution: () 2

Example 3.8

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

209

f(t)e

dt

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1

Performing integration by parts, dv

()

2 du u t e dt

te

dt

v ()

1 e j

dt

()

()

1 e j

t e j

since, e e

1 e j

1 e j cos e

1 e

1 e 1 e

1 e e

()

1 (cos j

Applying the Differential Property of Fourier Transform, () 2 () 1 tf(t) 2 (j sin ) j j () 2j cos 1

()

()

j sin

2 1

cos

cos

2 (cos ) j

2 (cos ) j

j sin )

j sin

j sin

1 (cos

2j(sin )

2j (sin )

j sin

cos

j sin )

2 cos sin

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

210

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Drill Problem 3.5

Prove rules 3.1.1 through 3.1.10 using the Integral for the Fourier Transform and its properties. 3.1.1 1 0 b t b otherwise () 1 f(t)e e dt

()

since, e

()

()

2 1 1

j2 () e

e e

dt

2j sin b j2

2j sin b

3.1.2

1 0

b t c otherwise

() () 1

2 sin b f(t)e e e dt

()

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

()

()

()

2 1 1

dt

j2

211

j2 e

j e

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

() 3.1.5 e 0 t 0 a otherwise 0

j2

()

()

()

2 1

()

3.1.6

e 0

b t c otherwise

() ()

1 a

f(t)e
(

) (

j 1

dt

dt

2(a 1

(0

1)

j) dt

()

2 1 1

()

()

() 1

e e 1 e(

f(t)e

2 a ()

2 a 1 e( j

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

212

2(a

e(

e(

dt

dt

) )

e(

e(

j)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

3.1.7 e 0 b t b otherwise

()

()

2 1 1

By shifting in frequency domain as e Then, e f(t) 1

()

()

()

e e 1 e(

f(t)e

2 j(a

2 j(a 1

e(

e( e
)

dt
)

dt

dt

e a)

2j sin b where,

() () ()

2j sin b( a) j( a) 2 sin b( a) 2 a f(t)e

3.1.8

e 0

b t c otherwise

()

2 1 1

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

()

2 j(a

e(

e(

j j

213

()

()

e e 1 e(

2 j(a

e(

dt

dt

dt

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Multiplying the whole equation by Where j () 1 2 j (a j 1 1

)
(

e(
)

e(
( )

()

3.1.9

0)

2 1

() ()

2 2 1 1

e e
( (

dt
) )

()

()

dt

dt

dt

()

() 1

2 e

dt

3.1.10 () 2 1 sin at e t dt Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

214

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1 e e 2t

()

()

()

2 a

()

2 1

2 1

e e 2t e(

e( 2

2t

0 .

e a ||

e
(

dt

2t

e 2t
)

j a

e(

()

||

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

215

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

UNIT 4

POWER SERIES AND POWER SERIES SOLUTIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Page

Final answers are shaded in green.

216

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1.) Find the sum of the geometric series a ar ar ar ar ar .Determine the necessary conditions for this series to converge and the value to which this series converges. Solution: Sn ar a

Example 4.1

rSn

Sn

ar

Sn (1 Sn Sn r 1

Sn

ar

ar

rSn r) 2

ar

ar

a(1 2

(1

a(1 1

ar

ar

ar

Sn

lim Sn r 0.5

lim Sn

0.5

1(1 1 1(1 1 1 0.5

r)

r )

r )

ar

2 ) 2 1

lim Sn
N

1 1 0.5 r

0.5 ) 0.5

0.5

ar
)

ar

a(1 1

rN) r 1 and this

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

The nth partial sum is Sn

converges to Sn

, otherwise the series diverges.

217

1. The series converges when r

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

2.) Using the results above, determine the sum of the geometric series whose first term is 1/9 and a common ratio 1/3. Solution: a 1 9 r 1/3 1 9 1 3

Sn

Sn 1 9

1 27

ar

Sn

1 81

ar

Sn Sn

1 1

1 9 1 9 2 3 1 6

r 1 3

Sn

3.) Using again the results of the first problem, determine the sum Solution: ( 1) 5 4 5 5 4 a 5 16 r 5 64 1 5 5 1 4

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

Sn

218

Sn

1 4

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

4.) Find the sum of the series Solution: and n(n 1 .

)(

1 n

A B n(n 1) n n 1 A(n 1) n 0 n A 1 B 1 2 1 2 1 3

1) 1

Sn

lim Sn n 1 1

1 3

Bn 1 1

n(n

1)

1 4

1 n

2n

2n

(2n 1 3

6 1)(2n 1 3

1) 1 3

1 2n

1 1 7

Sn

lim Sn

3 1

1 5 2n

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

219

(2n

6 1)(2n

1 5

2n

1 2n

2n

1)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Direction: Determine the following series if it diverges using the nth term test for divergence. 1.) n n 1 4 9 n ..

Example 4.2

Since the nth term of the series is approaching infinity ( 2.) Therefore the series diverges. 2 3 2 4 3 5 4 6 5 .

),

Since the nth term is approaching to 1 3.) ( 1)

Therefore the series diverges 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 ,

The nth term doesnt exist , therefore the series diverges.

( 1)

. ( 1)

Example 4.3
Direction: Test the following series for convergence using the integral test. 1. Solution: .

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

f(x)

220

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

f(x)dx a converges

Then

converges 1 ; n

f(x)dx

1 ax x 1 n

1 a

diverges

(lnx)

f(x)

1 x

diverges

the series diverges

2.)

Solution: a

1 n

f(x)dx

1 n

converges 1 dx 1 x f(x)

f(x)dx

converges

1 x

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

221

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

f(x)dx 0 1 1

the series converges

Example 4.4
Direction: Investigate the convergence of the following series, and if the series is convergent, find its sum. 1.) Solution: a P p

2 2

p p

2 2 5 3 2 5 3 3 2 2 5 3(2 5) lim 3 1 2 1 2n 1 2n

a a 3

3 2

5 3 2 5 3 2 3

Since p

1,

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

2 3

222

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Therefore, the series converges.

2.)

Solution:

(n

lim

(2n

1)!

a a

(n 1)(n)(n 1)(n 2) (2)(1) (n 1)! (n 1)(n!) 2)! (2n 2)(2n 1)(2n)! n! n! . (n 1)n! (n 1)n! (2n)! p lim (2n lim 2(2n 1) n 1 2)(2n (n 1) 1) (2n 2)(2n 1)(2n)!

(2n)! n! n!

lim

(2n 2)! (n 1)! (n 1)!

(2n)! n! n!

(2n 2)! (n 1)! (n 1)!

n! n! (2n)!

lim p

p p

1 4n 2 n . n 1 1 n 4n 1 2 n 1 n

Applying L Hospitals Rule

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

223

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

p lim 4n 2 n 1 4

the series diverges 3.)

( ! ! )!

1,

Solution:

a p p (2n

4 (n

4 (n

a a

4 (n

1)! (n 1)! (2n 2)!

4 n! n! (2n)!

4 (n 1)! n! (n 1)! (2n)! (2n 2)(2n 1)(2n)! 4 n! n! p 4 (n 1)(n 4 (n 1)(2n 4 4(n 24 (2n 4 (n 24 (2n 1) 1)

since n! n(n 1)! (n 1)! (n 1)! n! 2)! (2n 2)(2n 1)(2n)!

1)! (n 1)! (2n)! (2n 2)! 4 n! n!

1)! (n 1)! (2n 2)! 4 n! n! (2n)!

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

224

1) 1)

1) 1)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

p 2(n 2n 1) 1

2n lim 2n p p 2 8 3

Using the nth term test since n 4 n! n! (2n)! , an

2 2 1 16 5

1 1 n 1 1 n

Since p 1, the test is inconclusive.

0, therefore the series diverges

128 . 35

4 n! n! (2n)!

Example 4.5
Investigate the convergence of the following series using root test. 1.

Solution:

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

lim

n 2

1 2

225

lim

lim

n 2

n 2 a

n 2

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

lim n p 1

the series converges 2.)

Solution:
a

p Since p 1,

lim an p

2 n n

lim

lim

2 n

The series will diverge

3.)

p Since p 1

lim

1 p

The series will converge. Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

226

1 n

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Direction: Investigate the convergence of the following series. 1.) Solution: ( 1)

Example 4.6

( 1)

2.)

Solution:

( 1)

The series converges absolutely.

1 n

1 4

1 4

1 9

1 9

1 16

1 n

( 1) n

By absolute convergence test

( 1)

1 2 1 1 2

1 3 1 3

1 4 1 4

( 1)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

227

For p 0, the series converge, for p 1, the corresponding series of absolute values | |,converges, therefore the series converge absolutely. For 0 p 1, since the series that converge but does not converge absolutely, therefore it converges absolutely.

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

A. Which of the following sequences converges? Find the limit of each convergent sequence 1.) a Solution: Evaluating the limit 2 (0.1)

Drill Problem 4.1

lim a

2.) a

As you approach n to infinity, the value will be two. Therefore the sequence converges.

lim a

(0.1) 2

Solution:

lim a

lim a

1 1

lim a

2n 1 n 2n 1 n 2 2 1 2n 2

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

The sequence converges

228

lim a

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

3.) a a 1

lim

Solution: 1 lim a 7 0

B. Find the sum of the following series. 4.) Solution: S

The sequence converges

lim a

0, r r

for |r| 1 16 1 16 1 1 1 4

1 4

S S

1 4

5.)

Solution:

)(

(4n

1)

4n

4n

1 Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

229

By partial fraction expansion: 1 3)(4n

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1 A(4n A 1) B(4n 4A 3)

4n

4n

n : 4 1, 1

n:

lim 1 S

1 5

A 3B B 1 4n 1 5 1 1 9

4B

C. Investigate the convergence or divergence of the following series. 6.) Solution:

1 9

1 13

1 13

Using root test: P

lim

lim

Using Ratio test: P

Since P a a

1, the series converges. 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

1 2

lim

7.)

since P

1, then the series converges.

1 2

Let a

and a

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

230

Solution:

Using ratio test:

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

ln(n 1) n 1 ln n n lim n

a a

since P By nth term test: ln n n

1, the series is inconclusive.

lim

1 1 1n

n 1 1 n

ln n n

ln 1 1

n ln n

0.353 , and a

0.352

0.351

0.32

8.)

since n

then the series converges.

ln n n

Solution:

By nth term test: since n n n 1

By root test P

, and a

1 2

2 5

0 then the series converges. n 1 n 1

3 10

4 17

lim

lim

9.)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

231

since P

0, then the series converges.

lim

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Solution:

By root test P

The test is inconclusive, so By nth term test 1 1 3n

lim

lim

1 3n

lim 1

1 3n

10.)

since n

, and a not approaches to , then the series diverges.

2 3

25 36

519 729

1 3n

Solution:

By nth term test: 1 n 1 n

By root test P

since n

, and a

1 16

0 then the series converges. 1 n 1 n 1 n 1 n

8 729

80 65536

1 n

1 n

lim

since P

lim

0 then the series converges.

lim

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

Solution:

232

11.)

! (

)!

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

By nth term test: since n

n! ln n n(n 2)!

, and a not approaches to , then the series diverges.

0.17

0.44

1.38

n! ln n n(n 2)!

Using ratio test:

Let a P P

(n 1)! ln(n 1) n(n 2) (n 1)(n 3) n! ln n ln(n (n 1)! 1)n! (ln n ln 1) n(n 2) (n 1)(n 3) n! ln n lim n(n 2) 1 n (n 3) 1 n n 2 3 n 1) (n ln n 1)(n)! ln 1

a a

! (

and a

(n 1)! ln(n 1) (n 1)(n 3) n! ln n n(n 2)

)!

)(

)!

(n

12.)

Solution:

since P

lim

, then the series diverges.

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

233

Using ratio test:

Let a

and a

)!

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

(n 1)! (n 1) n! n n n!

a a

By nth term test: as n 13.) ( 1)

since P n! n

, then the series diverges. 1 1 2 6 n! n

lim n

(n 1)! (n 1)

, and a not approaches to , then the series diverges.

Solution:

By nth term test: ( 1) n 10

1 10

1 25

27 1000

16 625

( 1)

n 10

By alternating series convergence test: |a | (1) n 10

1 10

1 25

27 1000

16 625

since the series converge but doesn t converge absolutely, then the series converges conditionally. 14.) ( 1) ln 1 Final answers are shaded in green.

Solution:

Page

234

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

By nth term test: 1 n 0.69

( 1)

ln 1

since the corresponding series of absolute values, |a | converges, therfore the series converges 1 n absolutely 0.69

0.41

0.29

0.22

0.18

( 1)

ln 1

1 n By using alternating

series absolute convergence test: |a | (1) ln 1

0.41

0.29

0.22

0.18

15.)

Solution:

n e

Using integral test: Let u du

Performing integral by parts

f(x) 2xdx x

x e v dv e e

x e

xe dx e

Let u xe

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

xe

e dx

235

du

dx

dv

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

x e x e e 2xe 2 1 e dx 2e 1

x e

2e e

2xe

2xe

2e

2e 5e

2e 2e

2e

f(x)

f(x)

2e

since f(x)

also the

1.85

f(x)

n e

x e dx converges and also converges.

1.85

Example 4.7
Direction: For what values of x do the following power series converge? 1.) Solution: ( 1)

( 1)

|a | a

x n

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

236

x n

1 x 2 x 2

x 3

1 x 3

x n

n 1 x

x 4

1 x 4 x n

x n 1

( 1)

x n

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

p lim p xn

By LHospitals Rule

|x| 1 |a | 2.) ( 1) ( 1) |a | 1

1 1 1 ( 1) 4 1 x n

|x|

1 1 2 3 1 |x|

Solution:

By ratio test

x 2n p

x 1

x 2n

x 3

as

1 n Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

237

by L Hospitals rule

x 2n

x 2n

x 2n

x 5

p x 1 x 1 1 1 1 3 5

x (2n 1) 2n 1

1 2n 1 x

x 2n 1

x 2n

x 3

2 2

x 5 1

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

a 3.)
!

1 1 x n!

1 3 x x a

1 5 1 x 2! x 3!

1 n x n!

By ratio test

x n! a

4.)

Solution: By ratio test

n! x

since p

x (n 1)! p x n! x lim n 1 p 0

x (n 1)!

1 , for all values of x.

n! x a

2! x

n! x

By L Hospitals rule

(n 1)! x n! x a p (n 1)! x /n! x p lim x(n 1) all values of x except x p x 0

Example 4.9

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

238

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Directions: Obtain the first and second derivative of the function. f(x) 1 1 x 1 x x x ..x x

for

1 nx n(n

f (x) f (x) (1

(1 2

x)

1 2 6x

2x 12x

3x 1

4x x n(n 1

nx 1)x

x)

all for

1)x

Drill Problem 4.2

A. For the following series, find the series radius and interval of convergence. Solution: (x 5)

1.)

(x

5)

(x P

a a

5)

(x

5)

(x

5)

(x (x 5)

(x 5) (x 5) P P

5)

lim (x r (x 5

5)

5) (x (x 5)

(x

5)

5)

(x

5)

the series radius is 5 and the interval of convergence is

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

239

10

100

1000

10

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

2.)

Solution:

( 1) (4x ( 1) (4x

1) 1) (4x 1) (4x 1) 1) (4x (4x 1) 1) (4x ( 1) (4x 1) 1)

By alternating convergence test |a | (4x 1) (4x

By ratio test a

(4x

a a

1)

(4x 1) (4x 1) P P

lim (4x r (4x 1 4

(4x 1) 1 4

1)

1) (4x (4x 1)

(4x

1)

1)

1 4

10

100 4

1 4

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

240

the series radius is

1 and the interval of convergence is 4

1 4

1000 1

1 4

10

1 4

1 4

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

3.)
( )

Solution:

By ratio test a

(3x

2) 3x a a

(3x 2

2)

3x

3x

2 3x 2 n 1 (3x n

3x

3x 2 n 1 3x 2 n P

(3x 2) (3x (n 1)(3x lim

3x 2 n 1

a .

By L-Hospitals rule

(3x 2) . n (n 1) 2 3 2) 2 3

2) . n 2)

2)

2 3 3

2 a

2 3 2

2 3

(3x

2 8

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

241

4.)

the series radius is

2 and the interval of convergence is 3

1 4 4 3 65 3

( 4) n

2 3

2 3

Solution:

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

nx n 2 x 3 x 2 3x 5 nx n 2

By ratio test a

nx n 2

a a P P

(n 1)x x n 2 . (n 3) nx x(n 1)(n 2) n(n 3)

(n

1)x ( (n 3)

n 2 nx

(n

1)x ( (n 3)

By L-Hospitals rule

x(n

3n 2) n 3 P

5.)

the series radius is 0 and the interval of convergence is at all values of 2x except x
( ) ( )

2x

x(2n 3) 2n 0

Solution:

By ratio test a P

( 1) (x n

2) 2)

(x

2)

(x

2)

(x

2) ( 1)

( 1) (x n n (x 1 2)

2)

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

2)

242

( 1) (x n

a a

( 1)

(x

2)

n ( 1) (x

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

( 1) ( 1)(x 2) (x 2) . n (n 1)( 1) (x 2) P P lim n(x 2) (n 1) n(x 2) (n 1)

By L-Hospitals rule

the series radius is 2 and the interval of convergence is

(x

2)

B. For the following series, find the series interval of convergence and within this interval, the sum of the series as a function of x. 6.) Solution:
( )

By ratio test a

(x

1) 4n (x 1) 4n P

(x

1)

(x

1)

(x

1) 12 (x

(x

1) 4n
)

a a P

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

243

(x 1) (x 1) . 4n 4(n 1) (x 1) n(x (n 1) 1)

(x

1) ( 4(n 1)

4n (x 1)

1) ( 4(n 1)

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

n(x (n (x 1) 1) 1 1)(x 1)

By L-Hospitals rule

P (x

lim 1) 1

1|x x

the series radius is 1 and the interval of convergence is 7.) Solution:

( )

(x

1)

(x

1) 9

(x

1) 81

(x

1)

By ratio test a

(x

1)

a a P P

(x 1) (x 1) . 9 4(n 1) (x 1) P n(x 1) 9 . 9 (x 1) 1 9 lim (x x 9 1 9 1)

(x

1) 9

(x

(x 1)

1) 9

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

the series radius is

1 and the interval of convergence is 9

1 9

1 9

244

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

8.)

Solution: x 2

1 1 x 2 1 x 2 1 lim a x 2 p 1 x 2 1 x 2 1

By Root test:

lim

lim

x 2 x 2 4

x 2

1S

1 1

The series of interval of convergence is: 4 9.) (lnx) (lnx) a 1 lnx 1

4S

x 2 x

x 2 1

4 the radius is 4 and S

Solution:

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

1 1 lnx

245

2lnx r lnx

3lnx

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

1 1 lnx

the series of interval or convergence is: e 10.)

e and the S

Solution:

1 1

1 r

S S S

1 x

x 3

3 4 lim

1 x 3 3

1 1

x a 3 3

By root test p

lim

1 1 3

p the series of interval is

lim 1

Example 4.10
Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

246

1 and the S

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Directions: Investigate the following series . 1.) f(x) Solution: x

f (2) k! 1 1 f(2) 1 k 0 f(x) f(2) x 2 0! 2 0! 1 1 f(2) 1 k 1 f(x) f( ) x 4 1! 4 1! 1 f (2) 1 2 f ( ) k 2 f(x) 4 2! 4 2! x 6 3 f (2) 1 k 3 f(x) f ( ) x 8 3! 8 3! f (2) 1 ( 1) c k! 2 ck f(x) f c (x a)

f(x)

1 x

(x)

2.) Find the Taylor series expansion, and the Tyalor polynomials generated by f(x) 0. Solution: f(x) c x

1 2

(x

2)

for 0

(x

2 x

2)

( 1)

(x 2) 2

e at x

2 f(x)

f (0)

1 2!

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

247

1 f(x)

0 f(x)

f (0)

f(0)

f (0) k!

f(0) 0! f(0) 1 1! f(0) 1 2! 1

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

e 1 k! x

(x)

1 x n!

3.) Find the Taylor series and Taylor polynomials of polynomials generated by the function is ( ) 1 2 .

all values of x

x 2!

x 3! ( ) !

x n! ( )
!

. The Taylor

Solution:

f(x) c

f(x)

cos x c

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

2 f (x)

cosx f (0)

248

1 f (x)

0 f(x)

cosx f(0)

sinx f (0)

f (0) k! 1

c x

f(0) 1 0! f (0) 0 1! f (0) 1 2! 2

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

f
( )

a f(x) c x

k!

x 4

x 2 k!

x 48

x 2 n!

Drill Problem 4.3

A. Find the Maclaurin series (Taylor series at x 1.) f(x) Solution: e x 0 0) of the following functions

k k

1 f (x)

0 f(x)

f(x)

2 f"(x) e-x f(0) c f (0) k! 1

e f (0)

f(0)

f (0) k!

c x

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

f(x)

C x

x 2!

x 3!

( 1)

x n!

249

Therefore the series will be,

( 1)

f(0) 1 0! f (0) 1 1 1! 1! 1 k! f"(0) 3! 1 2!

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

2.) f(x)

Solution:

2 f"(x)

1 f (x)

0 f(x)

f(x)

Therefore, the series will be, f(x) C x

x2 x e2 f"(0) 4 f (0) k!

x e f (0) 2

f(0)

f (0) k! 1

C x

x f(0) 2 1!

f(0) 0!

x 2 k! x 4

x f(0) 4 2!

x 2.1!

1 1!

x 4.2!

3.) f(x)

x 48

x 2 n!

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

1 f(x)

(1

x)

250

0 f(x)

f(x) 1

C x

f(0)

f (0) k!

f(0)

f(0) 0!

f(0) 1!

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

2 f"(x) 2(1 x) (1 x) fk(0) k! 1 f(0) f(0) 2!

Therefore, the series will be f(x) C x

( 1)

n! n!

( 1) x

4.) f(x)

Solution:

3 f (x) C

2 f"(x)

1 f (x)

0 f(x)

f(x)

(1

C x

(1

x)

f(0)

f (0) k! f(0)

(1

x)

x)

f(0)

f(0) 0!

f(0) 1 n! n!

f(0) 1!

f(0) 2!

f(0) 3!

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

Therefore, the series will be

251

f (0) k!

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

5.) sin3x

k k

Therefore, the series will be f(x) C x

3 f

( )

f(x)

27cos3x

f"(x)

f (x)

sin3x

(x)

C x

f(0)

9sin3x

3cos3x 27

f(0)

f(0)

f(0) 4! x 27x 2

f(0)

f(0) 1! 0

f(0) 2!

27 C 3!

f(0) 3!

3 2!

( 1) . (3) n!

6.) coshx

(1

x 3x 2

x ) ( 1) 3 x n! Solution:

f(x)

C x f(x)

2f (x)

coshx

f (0)

f(0) 2!

1 2!

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

252

0 f(x) f (x)

sinhx

coshx f(0)

f (0) k!

C x

f (0)

f(0) 0!

f(0) 1!

1 0!

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

k 3 f (x) (x) sinhx f (0) f (0) . 1 k! n! 1 x 2 f 0 f(0) 3! f(0) 4!

4 f

Therefore, the series will be f(x)

coshx

(0)

1 4!

C x

x 24

x n!

7.) sinhx

Solution:

Therefore the series will be

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

253

4 f

3 f (x) (x)

2 f (x)

1 f (x)

0 f(x)

(x)

coshx f (0)

sinhx f(0)

f (0) k!

C x

sinhx f C C

coshx f (0)

sinhx f (0)

f(0) 0!

f (0) 1!

(0) 1 n!

f (0) 2! f

1 1!

f (0) 3!

(0) 4!

1 3!

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

f(x) 8.) 2 5 4

C x

x 6

x 120

1 n!

Solution:

k k k

0; f(x) 1; f (x) f(0)

(x)

4; 5;

f (0)

4x

f(0) 0!

f (0) k! 2x

a x

f (0)

2; f (x)

f (0) k

3; f (x) 4; f 12;

0;

f (0) 2!

f (0) 1!

6x

4 0!

5x 5

12x

5 1!

(0)

24;

f (0) 3! (x)

24x

12x 12

(0) 4!

24

12 3!

25 4!

Therefore, the sequence will be C x 4

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

254

5x

2x

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

9.) (x 1)

Solution:

f(x)

f(0) k

0; f(x) 2;

f (0) f (0) f (0) Therefore, the series will be C x 2 x C k k

1; f (x) 0; 2;

f(0) 0!

f (0) k! 2(x 2

a x

1)

2; f (x)

f (0) 1!

2x 2

0 1 0

3; f (x) 0; C

f (0) 2!

f (0) 3! 2 n!

2 x n!

except odd numbers

10.) sin

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

255

Solution:

(x)

a x

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

f (0) k! sin

k k

f(0)

0; f(x) 0;

f (0) k

1; f (x)

f(0) 0!

Therefore, the series will be C x

f (0)

f (0)

2; f (x) 0;

1 f (0) ; 2 1!

1 x cos 2 2 1 x 42 0

x 2

1 2 1!

3; f (x)

f (0) 2!

1 f (0) ; 3! 8 x 12

1 x cos 8 2

1 8 3!

11.) f(x)

1 x 2

( 1) x 2n n!

Solution:

2x

4; a

2 C f (2) k! 8; x 8 0!

k k

0; f(x) f(2)

2x 8 2

f(2)

10;

10 1!

10

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

256

1; f (x)

3x

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

k 2; f (x) 12; 6; 6x 6 6

f(2) k

f(x)

Therefore, the series will be C (x a) 8(x 2)

f(2)

3; f (x) 6 3!

12 2!

10(x

2)

6(x

2)

(x

2)

f (2) (x n!

2)

12.) f(x)

Solution:

2x

2x

3x

8 C f (1) k! f(1) 0!

k k

0; f(x) f(1)

2x

f (1) k

f (1)

1; f (x)

1;

2x

2; f (x) 16; 12;

13;

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

Therefore, the series will be,

257

f (1)

3; f (x)

f (1) 2!

f (1) 1!

6x

4x

1 0!

3x 3

12x

13 1!

f (1) 3!

12

16 2!

12 3!

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

f(x)

C (x 13.) f(x)

a) x x

(x

1) 1; a

13(x 2 C

1)

8(x

1)

2(x

1)

f (1) (x n!

1)

Solution:

f( 2) k

0; f(x)

f ( 2) k! x

f ( 2) f k
(

1; f (x) 2; f(x) 26; 36;

21;

f(x)

Therefore, the series will be, C (x a) 21(x 2)

f ( 2) 2! 2)

f ( 2) 1! 12x

f( 2) 0! 4x

2x 2

21

26 2!

36 1!

36 (x

26(x

2)

f ( 2) (x n!

2)

14.) f(x)

Solution:

3x

2x

x C

2; a

f( 1)

7;

f( 1) 0!

7 0!

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

258

0; f(x)

3x

f ( 1) k! x

2x

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

k k 1; f (x) 2; f (x) f
( )

f ( 1)

15x 60x

24;

f(x)

Therefore, the series will be C (x a) 7(x 1)

83;

f ( 1) 2! 1)

f ( 1) 1! 12x

4x

6x

24 1!

x 1

12x 83 2!

28(x

15.) f(x)

Solution:

; a

1 k 0; f(x) 1; f(x) 2 f(x) 6 2 1; 1 x 2 x 6 x

83 (x 2

1)

f ( 1) (x n!

1)

f(1) f (1) f (1) k k

f(1) 0!

1 2 3

f (1) 1!

Therefore, the series will be f(x) 16.) f(x) a C (x 0 a)

f (1) 2!

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

259

(x

1)

2(x

1)

3(x

1)

n(x )

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Solution: k

f(0)

0; f(x) 0;

f (0) n! f(0) 0! 1

x 1

f (0)

1; f (x) 1;

f (0)

2; f (x)

f (0) 1!

(x

2) 1 2

f (0) C

3; f (x) 6;

2;

f (0) 2!

(1

x)

Therefore, the series will be f(x) 17.) f(x) e ; a C (x 2 k a) x

n ( 1) n! x

f (0) 3!

(1

x) 1

n ( 1) n!

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

f(2)

e ;

260

0; f(x)

f (2) n! f(2) 0!

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

k 1; f (x) 2; f (x) C e ; e ; e e

f (2) f (2) k

f (2) 1!

e e 2! 2)

f (2) 2! e n!

Therefore, the series will be f(x) e e (x

f(x)

e (x n! e (x 2 2)

2)

e n! (x

2)

18.) f(x)

Solution:

2 ; a

1 k 0; f(x) 1; f (x) 1; 2x

f (0) f (0) k

f(0)

f(0) 0!

f (0)

1 f (0) ; 3 ln 2 3!

1 3! 3 ln 2 Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

261

1 f (0) ; 2 ln 2 2! 3; f (x)

2; f (x)

1 f (0) ; ln 2 1!

2x ln 2

1 0!

2x ln 2

1 1! ln 2 1 2! 2 ln 2

2x ln 2

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

C 1) 1 n! n ln 2

C (x

a)

1 (x ln 2

1 (x 4 ln 2

1)

1 (x 36 ln 2

1)

1 (x n! ln 2

1)

Example 4.11
1.) Solve the equation y Solution: 4y 0 near the ordinary point x y 4y 0 0

n(n

n(n

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

262

n(n

n(n

1)a x

1)a x

a x

4 4 a

a x x

0 0

1)a

1)a

4a

4a

4a n(n 1)

for n

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

a 4a 21

a a

a a a a ( 1) 4 a (2k 1)! 1 a

4a 2k(2k

4a 43

4a (2k 1)2k ( 1) 4 a a (2k)! a

4a 54

4a 32

1)

for k

a cos 2x y

( 1) 4 a (2k)!

a x a x a

1 a sin 2x 2

for k

y y a

a 1

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

( 1) (2x) (2k)!

( 1) 4 x (2k)!

a x

1 a 2

x 2x

( 1) 4 x (2k 1)!

( 1) (2x) (2k 1)!

263

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

2.) Solve the equation (1 Solution:

x )y (1

6xy x )y y

4y

0near the ordinary point x 4y 0

6xy

n(n

1)a x

n(n

n(n

n(n

1)a x

1)a x

1)a x

n(n

1)a x

a x

n n

0: 1)a 2:

(n

(n

(n

2:

n(n n

1:

0a (n 1)

1)(n

1)(n

5n

6na x

4)a x

0a n

n(n

1)(n n 0 2 a

0,

0,

2)a

4)a x x

4a x

0 0

2)a

a a a

4 a 2 6 a 4 8 a 6

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

264

2k 2 a 2k 5 a 3

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

a a k 7 a 5 9 a 7 1: a a a k 1: a a

1: 1:

4 6 8 (2k 2) a a a 2 4 6 (2k) a 579 357 a x a x a (k 1)a 3 (2k (2k 3) a 1)

2k 2k

3 a 1

2k

a y

(k

a x

(k (1

1)x

1)x x )

2k

2k 3

x 3

a (3x x ) 3(1 x )

Find the general solution of the following differential equations near the origin.

Drill Problem 4.4

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

265

1. y

Solution:

3xy

3y

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

n(n

n(n

n(n

1)a x

a x 3na x 3 a x 0

n(n a a 9 a 2 6k 3 a 2k(2k 1) 5 a 4

n(n

1)a x

1)a x

1)a

1)a

(3n

(3n

(3n

(3n

(3n 3)a n(n 1)

3)a

3)a

3)a

3)a x x x

0 0

for n

2 a 2a

6k 6 (2k 1)(2k)

y a x a x

a x a x a

( 3) x 3 5 7 (2k

( 3) x 2 k!

9 a 10

1)

2. (1

4x )y

8y

0 Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

266

( 3) x 2 k!

( 3) x 3 5 7 (2k

x 1) ; valid for all finite

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Solution:

n(n

n(n

1)a x

y 4

n(n

n(n

1)a x

n(n

a x

n(n

1)a x a

1)a x

( 4n (n

1)a x 4n

1)a

(2k

a4

2)(2k 2 k!

5 a 6

(n 2)(n 1) a n(n 1)

(n

(n

2)(n

2)(n

2)(n

1)a

1)a

1)a x x

8)a x

8a x 0

1)

y y 3.) (1 x )y a (1 10xy

a 4x ) a 0

a x

a x

2 x 4k

9 a 10

2 a 3

a x

x ; valid for|x| 1 2

20y

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

267

( 1) 2 x 4k 1

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Solution:

n(n

1)a x

n(n

n(n

1)a x

n(n

1)a x (n

n(n

n(n

1)a x

n(n

1)a x a

1)a x

(n

10n 9n

10na x

1)a

a a ( 1) (k a

21 a 2 1)(2k 15 a 4 1)(2k

(n 4)(n 5) a n(n 1)

(n

(n

(n

4)(n

4)(n

4)(n

20)a x 5)a x x

20)a x

20a x 0

0 0

5)a

5)a

a ( 1) (k

3)x a

a x a x a

1)(k

16 a 3 3a

2)(2k

3)x

a x

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

268

a 3

( 1) (k

1)(2k

1)(2k

3)x

a 6

( 1) (k

1)(k

2)(2k

3)x

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

4. )(x 9)y 3xy 3y 0

Solution:

n(n

1)a x

9n(n

9n(n

9n(n

9n(n

1)a x

9n(n

1)a x

9n(n

1)a x a

1)a x

1)a x

(n

1)a

(n

1)(n 3) a 9n(n 1)

(n

(n

(n

(n

3n 2n

3na x

1)(n

1)(n

1)(n

3)a x

3)a x

3a x 0

3)a

3)a

3)a x x

0 0

3 5 7 (2k 1)x 18 (2k 1)k!

7 a 36

5 a 18 a a

y a x

a x a x a

2k 4 a 9(2k 2)

8 a 45

2 a 9

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

269

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

3 5 7 (2k 1)x 18 (2k 1)k!

a x; valid for|x|

5. )(x

Solution:

4)y

6xy

4y

n(n 4

1)a x

n(n

4n(n

4n(n

4n(n

1)a x

n(n

1)a x

4n(n

1)a x a

1)a x

1)a x

(n

6na x n 6n

1)a

(n

1)(n 4) a 4n(n 1) 9 a 4

(n

(n

(n

(n

1)(n

1)(n

1)(n

5n

4)a x

4)a x

4a x 0

0 0

4)a x 4)a x

4)a

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

270

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

a 5 a 6

( 1) (k 2 a a

( 1) (2k 3)x 32

27 a 40

7 a 6

1)x

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

271

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

y y y 6.) y x y 0 a 1 a a x ( 1) (k 2

a x a x 1)x a a x x ( 1) (2k 3)x 32

n(n

n(n

n(n a

1)a x

1)a x

a x a x

1)a

( 1) x 2 k! 3 7 11 (4k

1 a 30

1 a 12 1) a

a n(n

1)

y y a 1
(

a
) (

a x
)

a x

a x

( 1) x 2 k! 5 9 13

1 a 42

1 a 20 (4k 1) a

a
( ! ) (

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

272

a x

; valid for all finite x

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

7.) (1 2x )y 3xy 3y 0

n(n

1)a x n(n

n(n

n(n

n(n

1)a x

2n(n

1)a x (2n 2n n

3na x 3n

n(n

1)a x

1)a x

1)a x

1)a a

(n n

(n

(n

(2n

Final answers are shaded in green.

Page

273

2k

11 a 8 2k 3 a 2

7 a 4

3 2

1) n a

1) n

1) n

3)a x

3)a x 0

3a x 0

3 a 2

3 a 2

3 a x 2 x

0 0

3 2 a

2k

2k

13 a 10

5 2 a 1

SOLUTIONS MANUAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

y y y a x a 1 a a x

a x a x a x ; valid for |x| 2 1

( 1)

3 5 7 (4k 2 (2k 1)k!

1)x

Final answers are shaded in green.