‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪www.onlinedoctranslator.

com -‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،5‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪2021 ،5‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪1081-2637 :‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻬﺪﻣﺎﺳﺎﺗﺸﻮﺳﺘﺲ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ‪2021‬‬

‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﻭﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ‬

‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺉﻴﺎًﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ‪ ARDUINO‬ﻭ ‪ESP 8266‬‬
‫‪NODEMCU‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‪،2‬ﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺯﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ‪،1‬ﺃ‪ ,‬ﺯﻟﻬﺎﻳﻤﻲ‬

‫* ﻣﺮﺍﺳﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ‬
‫‪1,2‬ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺯﻭﻟﻬﺎﻳﻤﻲ@‪unikl.edu.my‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔﻛﻮﺍﻻﻟﻤﺒﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰﻱﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻛﻮﺍﻻﻟﻤﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﺘﻚ(‬
‫‪81750‬ﻣﺎﺳﺎﻱ‪ ،‬ﺟﻮﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃ‪[email protected] ,‬ﺏﺯﻭﻟﻬﺎﻳﻤﻲ@‪unikl.edu.my‬‬

‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪﺗﺮﺍﺟﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻭﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻨﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺧﻄﺮﺍً ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺨﻠﻖ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻧﻘﺎﺫ ﺃﺭﻭﺍﺡ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻃﻔﺎء ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺛﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻃﻔﺎءﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﺴﺎﺉﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﻣﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻭﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍً ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﻭﺇﻳﻘﺎﻓﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﺃﻋﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻋﻦ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻊﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎً‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﻢ ﺃﻇﻬﺮﻭﺍ ﻭﻓﻬﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﺎﺉﺪﺓ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺇﻧﺸﺎء‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝﺃﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ Arduino IDE‬ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﺉﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ‪ MQ7‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﻭﻏﺎﺯ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻭﺗﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﺈﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﻷﺻﻔﺮ ﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﺿﺦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﻴﺮﺍً‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻨﺒﻪ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺳﺎﺉﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺗﺒﺎﻉﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺪﺃﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺍﺗﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻋﻬﻢ ﻹﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻲ ﻗﺪﻣﺎً ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺍﺗﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪1.0‬ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻄﺔﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺗﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺤﻴﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﻨﺎﻗﺶ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺷﺮﺍﺅﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﻞء ﺧﺰﺍﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺗﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﻭﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺰﻝ‪.‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﻣﺮﻳﺤﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺴﺎﺉﺮﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﺗﺼُﻨﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﺳﺉﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺑﺨﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺃﻏﺮﺍﺿﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻄﺎﻕ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔﻟﻼﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ ﺑﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺧﻄﻴﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻖ ﻭﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎﺕﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎً ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺉﺔﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻧﺤﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻌﺎً‬

‫‪ ISSN: 2637-1081| 8-18(2021)5:5‬ﺭﻗﻢ | ‪www.mitec.unikl.edu.my/mjit‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،5‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪2021 ،5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪1081-2637 :‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ‪ MQ7‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻏﺎﺯ ﻭﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻠﻢﺃﻥ ﻣﺤﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﻝﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪" .‬ﻭﻓﻘﺎً ﻟﻠﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‪ .‬ﺛﻢ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻣﻦ ‪ 5000‬ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺘﻄﻔﺊﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ‪.IOT‬‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺴﺒﺐﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺟﺴﻴﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺉﻖﻣﺤﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺔ ‪ 48‬ﻣﺪﻧﻴﺎً ﻭﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﻣﺪﻧﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺛﻨﻴﻦﻭﺧﺴﺎﺭﺓ ‪ 20‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ‪) ".‬ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺔ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥﺩﺑﻠﻴﻮ ﻛﻴﻨﻴﺪﻱ‪.(2018 ،‬‬

‫ﻓﻲﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﺴﻮء ﺍﻟﺤﻆ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻨﺎ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﻔﺎﻑﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺒﻊ ﺇﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺕﺍﻷﻭﺍﻥ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺇﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺟﺴﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﻴﻦﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﺑﺮﻳﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺉﻌﺔﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺮﻙﺳﻴﺎﺭﺗﻚ ﻭﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﺗﻔﻚ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻝ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻴﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺷﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺠﺎﺭﺓﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪2.0‬ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬

‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍء ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺑﻌﺾﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺟﻌﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﻭﺇﻃﻔﺎء‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖﺍﻵﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﻴﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻱ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺿﻤﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻄﺎﻕﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ‪MQ7‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺃﻱ ﺟﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‪،‬ﻓﺴﻴﻈﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻭﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ‪ ،MQ7‬ﺳﻴﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ‪ MQ7‬ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙﺃﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪،‬ﻓﺴﻴﺘﻢ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺼﺒﺎﺡ ‪ LED‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺮﺱ ﻭﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﻮ‬
‫ﻭﺷﺎﺷﺔ‪ LCD‬ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ‪ 10‬ﺛﻮﺍﻥ‪ ٍ.‬ﺳﻴﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻣﺼﺒﺎﺡ ‪ LED‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻺﺷﺎﺭﺓﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺱ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻃﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﻮ ﻛﻘﻔﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺸﻐﻞﻓﻮﻫﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ‪ .‬ﺛﻢ ﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ‪" LCD‬ﺃﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺘﻚ ﺍﻵﻥ!"‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺘﻜﺘﻤﻞﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ‪ 10‬ﺛﻮﺍﻥ‪ ٍ.‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻛﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻀﻲء‬
‫ﻣﺼﺒﺎﺡ‪،LED‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﺃﻱ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔﻫﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﺃﻱ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ISSN: 2637-1081| 9-18(2021)5:5‬ﺭﻗﻢ | ‪www.mitec.unikl.edu.my/mjit‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،5‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪2021 ،5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪1081-2637 :‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‪ ARDUINO‬ﻭ ‪ BLYNK IOT‬ﻣﻦ ‪ .NODEMCU‬ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺱ ﻭﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺍﺯﺭﺓ ﻭﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ‪" LCD‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ‪ ،Arduino‬ﻭﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺉﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﻭﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ"‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‪ ،Arduino UNO R3‬ﻣﺮﺣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻀﺨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫‪ MQ7‬ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ‪،‬ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ‪ MQ7‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻮﻑ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪.NodeMCU‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺖﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻴﺉﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪Arduino‬‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻜﺘﺸﻒ‬
‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﻭﻗﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻳﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕﺍﻷﺻﻔﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ ‪ Arduino UNO R3.‬ﻭﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍﺗﻢ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻴﺘﻢ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺼﺒﺎﺡ ‪ LED‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺮﺱ‬
‫ﺑﻤﻴﻜﺮﻭﻛﻨﺘﺮﻭﻟﺮ (‪)IDE‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺮﻙﺍﻟﻤﺆﺍﺯﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﻭ‪ IOT‬ﻭﺷﺎﺷﺔ ‪ LCD‬ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ‪ 20‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺘﺤﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻢﺍﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺒﺎﺡ‪ LED‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ ﻟﻺﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺱ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺕﻃﻨﻴﻦ ﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﻴﻦ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺍﺯﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﺎﻥ ‪.MQ7‬‬ ‫ﻛﻘﻔﻞﻟﻤﺸﻐﻞ ﻓﻮﻫﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ‪ .‬ﺛﻢ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﻭﺍﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺎء‬
‫ﺳﻴﻌﻤﻞﻛﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﺑﻨﺎء ًﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ ﻭﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎء ﻹﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺮﺳﻞ ‪IOT‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲﺗﻢ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﺭﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﻦ ‪ Blynk‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺍﻹﻃﻔﺎء‪ .‬ﺛﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء‪،‬ﺳﻴﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻀﻲء‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽﺷﺎﺷﺔ ‪" LCD‬ﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻵﻥ!"‪ .‬ﺳﺘﻜﺘﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ‪ LED‬ﺃﺣﻤﺮ ﻭﺳﻴﻐﻠﻖ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺍﺯﺭﺓ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫‪20‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻛﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺼﺒﺎﺡ ‪LED‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻳﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺮﺱﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺍﺯﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﻭ‪ IOT‬ﻭﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ‪" LCD‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻮﻑ ﻳﻀﻲء ﻣﺼﺒﺎﺡ ‪ LED‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺮﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﻭﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ"‪ .‬ﻫﻢُ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺲﺍﻟﺸﻲء ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ‪ .MQ7‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‬
‫‪ ،MQ7‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻢﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻀﻲء ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ‪ LED‬ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮﻭﺳﻴﻈﻞ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺍﺯﺭﺓ ﻣﻘﻔﻼ ًﺣﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻻﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﺤﻘﻖﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﻏﺎﺯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‪،‬ﻓﺴﻮﻑ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ‪ Blynk‬ﻭﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﻹﺧﻄﺎﺭ ﻭﺇﺑﻼﻍ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﺛﻢ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺱ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺉﻴﺎً ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﺼﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻧﺬﺍﺭ ﻟﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺄﻫﺐ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻭﺳﺘﺒﺪﺃ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺒﻘﻲ‪،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻃﺎﻟﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻥﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍً‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻭﺳﺘﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺒﻘﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‪:‬‬
‫‪(1‬ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﺗﻤﺮ ﻭﺗﻈﻞ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﻷﺻﻔﺮ ﻟﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻄﺔﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ‪50‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 130‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﺑﺈﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻲﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﺠﺮﺩ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻳﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺧﻼﺕﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺔﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻴﺲ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻑ ﻭﻳﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ‪ MQ7‬ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺲﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺉﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺗﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻦﺃﻥ ﻣﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻫﻲ ‪ ،LED‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺎﺷﺔ ‪،LCD‬‬
‫ﺃﻛﺒﺮﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺒﺸﺮ ﺳﻤﺎﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮﻉ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺤﺮﻙﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﻮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪.Blynk‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﻴﻦ ﺭﺉﻴﺴﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﺍﻟﻤﺮﺳﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﻠﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﺿﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﻹﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻧﺠﺎﺯﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻮﺍﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺔﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺎﻗﻪﻣﻦ ‪ 3‬ﺳﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 40‬ﺳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ‪ MQ7‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 100‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﺸﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ‪،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء ﻫﻮ ‪ 0‬ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻭ‪1‬‬
‫ﻟﻺﻳﻘﺎﻑ‪.‬ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖﻭﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‬

‫‪ ISSN: 2637-1081| 10-18(2021)5:5‬ﺭﻗﻢ | ‪www.mitec.unikl.edu.my/mjit‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،5‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪2021 ،5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪1081-2637 :‬‬

‫‪(4‬ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻓﻲﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺉﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞﻟﻠﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺩﻭﻳﻨﻮ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪/‬ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻵﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺟﻬﺪﺍً‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺎًﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻴﺎﺭﺍً ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺎً‪ ،‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺮﻣﺠﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‪ Arduino‬ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺉﺮ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪(2‬ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪،‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﻓﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺮﺣﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ .Arduino‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ ‪Arduino‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺉﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺠﻬﺪ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻻ ًﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻞ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺉﺮ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻭﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺟﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙﺃﻱ ﺳﺠﺎﺉﺮ ﻣﺸﺘﻌﻠﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻭﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾﻣﻦ ‪ .Arduino‬ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺉﻲ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖﻣﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻱ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡﺑﺎﻹﻏﻼﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻄﻪ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺉﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻼﺕ ﻓﺼﻼً ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺉﻴﺎً ﻛﺎﻣﻼ‪ً.‬‬ ‫ﺇﻥﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء ﻫﻮ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻳﻘﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻜﺘﺸﻒﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺭﺻﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺄ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1800‬ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﻓﻠﻚ‬
‫ﻳﺪﻋﻰﻭﻳﻠﻴﺎﻡ ﻫﻴﺮﺷﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻛﻞ ﻟﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء )ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﻤﻨﺸﻮﺭ(‬
‫‪.‬ﻭﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻲ ﺃﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺉﻲ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻊﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﻭﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍءﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺉﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺒﻌﺚ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻳﻨﺒﻌﺚ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء )ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻪ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﺧﻤﺲ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕﻛﻠﻔﻦ(‪.‬‬

‫‪(5‬ﻣﻀﺨﺔ ‪ 240‬ﻓﻮﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡﻣﻀﺨﺔ ‪ 240‬ﻓﻮﻟﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺏ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﻭﻣﺨﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﻛﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﻹﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻮﺏ ﺑﻔﻮﻫﺔ ﺫﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻣﻀﺨﺔ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﺱ‬ ‫‪(3‬ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ‪MQ7‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺒﻮﺭﺃﻭ ﺣﻮﺽ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﻤﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒﻋﻦ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺒﻌﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻋﺠﺔ‪.‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺮﻏﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ‪ MQ7‬ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺿﻄﺮﺭﺕﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﺍﺉﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺒﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﺗﺪﺭﻙ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺟﻴﺪﺍً‪ .‬ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍً‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﺘﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻳﺠﻌﻞﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﻤﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‪،‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒﺃﺳﻨﺎﻧﻚ ﺃﻣﺮﺍً ﺻﻌﺒﺎً‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﺩﻡﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﺪ ‪ MQ7‬ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮﺍً ﻷﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ )‪ (CO‬ﺳﻬﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡﻭﻣﺜﺎﻟﻴﺎً ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍء‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ‪ 20‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 2000‬ﺟﺰء‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻤﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﺪ ‪ MQ7‬ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎً ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻪﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮﺓ ﻭﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ISSN: 2637-1081| 11-18(2021)5:5‬ﺭﻗﻢ | ‪www.mitec.unikl.edu.my/mjit‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،5‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪2021 ،5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪1081-2637 :‬‬

‫‪(6‬ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺳﻴﺮﻓﻮ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﻮ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻟﻘﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻲﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻛﺈﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ‬
‫ﻧﺸﻮﺏﺣﺮﻳﻖ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﻮ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﻟﻺﺧﺮﺍﺝ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻊﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﺸﻔﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﻮ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺤﺎﻓﻆﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﻃﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻔﺮﺓﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮﺕﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻔﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﺗﺴُﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﻮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊﺃﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺉﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺴُﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻣﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊﺍﻟﺮﻭﺑﻮﺗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬
‫‪5‬ﻓﻮﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺪﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫‪6‬ﻓﻮﻟﺖ‪ 20-‬ﻓﻮﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺪﺍﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮﻣﺤﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﻮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺑﻮﺗﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫‪14‬ﺩﺑﻮﺳﺎً‬ ‫ﺩﺑﺎﺑﻴﺲﺍﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺍﺉﺮ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﺪﻣﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫‪6‬ﺩﺑﺎﺑﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺩﺑﺎﺑﻴﺲﺍﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔﻟﺤﺠﻤﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺳﻴﺮﻓﻮ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ ،Futaba S-148‬ﻳﺒﻠﻎ‬
‫‪32‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓﻓﻼﺵ‬ ‫ﻋﺰﻡﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ ‪ 42‬ﺃﻭﻧﺼﺔ‪/‬ﺑﻮﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﺰﻡ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﺤﺠﻤﻪ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ‬
‫‪16‬ﻣﻴﺠﺎ ﻫﺮﺗﺰ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞﺧﻔﻴﻒ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪(8‬ﻧﻮﺩ ﺇﻡ ﺳﻲ ﻳﻮ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺗﻲﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ‪ NodeMCU ESP8266‬ﻣﻊ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ‪ ESP-12E‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰﺷﺮﻳﺤﺔ ‪ ESP8266‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ ‪32-bit LX106 RISC‬‬
‫‪ .Tensilica Xtensa‬ﻳﺪﻋﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲﻭﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺘﺮﺩﺩ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﻣﻦ ‪ 80‬ﻣﻴﺠﺎ ﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫‪160‬ﻣﻴﺠﺎ ﻫﺮﺗﺰ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ‪ NodeMCU‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﻋﺸﻮﺍﺉﻲ )‪(RAM‬‬
‫ﺳﻌﺔ‪ 128‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﺑﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻓﻼﺵ ﺳﻌﺔ ‪ 4‬ﻣﻴﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺖ ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ‪.‬ﺗﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫‪ Wi-Fi / Bluetooth‬ﻭ‪ Deep Sleep‬ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻣﺠﺔ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺇﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎء‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ‪ NodeMCU‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻘﺒﺲ ‪ Micro USB‬ﻭﺩﺑﻮﺱ ‪) VIN‬‬

‫ﺩﺑﻮﺱﺍﻹﻣﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ(‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺪﻋﻢ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ‪ UART‬ﻭ‪ SPI‬ﻭ‪.I2C‬‬

‫‪(7‬ﺍﺭﺩﻭﻳﻨﻮ ‪UNO R3‬‬

‫‪.‬ﻋﻠﻰﻧﻮﻋﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺎﺑﻴﺲ؛ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮﻳﺔ ‪Arduino‬‬
‫ﻛﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ (‪Arduino Integrated Development Environment )IDE‬‬
‫ﻣﻊﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ Arduino‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﻦ ‪Arduino UNO R3‬‬

‫ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮﺍﻟﻤﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬

‫ﻫﺬﻳﻦﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺎﺑﻴﺲ‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺪﺑﺎﺑﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﺮﺍءﺓ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞﻭﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪ .‬ﻟﻠﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺎﺑﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍءﺓ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻮﺱ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎﺕﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪(1‬ﺃﺭﺩﻭﻳﻨﻮ ‪IDE‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔﻟﺘﺮﻣﻴﺰ ‪ Arduino UNO R3‬ﻭ‪ ،NodeMCU ESP8266‬ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫‪ Arduino IDE‬ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻨﺼﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‪ .‬ﻳﺸﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‪ IDE‬ﺇﻟﻰ ‪) Integrated Development Environment‬ﺑﻴﺉﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ(‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﻇﺎﺉﻒ ‪ C‬ﻭ‪.++C‬‬
‫ﺗﺴُﺘﺨﺪﻡﻓﻲ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﻭﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻮﺣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ‬

‫‪ ISSN: 2637-1081| 12-18(2021)5:5‬ﺭﻗﻢ | ‪www.mitec.unikl.edu.my/mjit‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،5‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪2021 ،5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪1081-2637 :‬‬

‫‪(3‬ﻓﺮﻳﺘﺰﻳﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‪ .Arduino‬ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ‪ Arduino‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‪ Arduino Uno R3‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻄﻲ ﻭﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﻭﺟﺎﻫﺰ ﻟﻠﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻟﺒﺪء ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .Fritzing‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﻭﺇﻃﻔﺎء‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖﺍﻵﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞﻛﻤﺪﺧﻼﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻢﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﻤﻨﻔﺬ ﺍﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‬

‫‪ MQ7‬ﻭﺷﺎﺷﺔ ‪ LCD‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﻤﻨﻔﺬ ﺍﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮﻱﻓﻲ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ‪.Arduino UNO R3‬‬

‫‪(2‬ﺑﻠﻴﻨﻚ‬
‫ﺗﺴُﺘﺨﺪﻡﻭﺣﺪﺓ ‪ Blynk‬ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ ﻭﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻹﻃﻔﺎء ﺑﻨﺎء ًﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﻭﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻹﻃﻔﺎء‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺇﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎء‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱﺳﻴﻌُﻠﻢ ﻭﻳﺨُﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺮﻱ ﻭﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ‪.‬ﺗﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎء ‪ Blynk‬ﻣﻊ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺇﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌُﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺼﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪،‬ﻭﺃﺩﺍء ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺉﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﺔﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ‪ Blynk‬ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻚ ﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺬﻫﻠﺔﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻌﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﺷﻌﺎﺭ‪ Blynk‬ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ‪ Blynk‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻲ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ "ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﻓﻲﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻓﻲ ‪Seri Alam 81750 Masai، Johor‬‬
‫‪ ."Petronas‬ﺗﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻼﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﻲﻭﺇﺭﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻃﻔﺎء‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 4.3.9‬ﺩﺍﺉﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﺗﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻚﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻛﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻨﻔﺬ ‪ 2.1‬ﺃﻣﺒﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪ Arduino‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺬ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱﻳﺒﻠﻎ ‪ 1.0‬ﺃﻣﺒﻴﺮ ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ‪ NodeMCU‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‪ IOT‬ﻹﺷﻌﺎﺭﺍﺕ ‪ Blynk‬ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻢﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﻤﻨﻔﺬ ﺍﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺃﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‪ MQ7‬ﻭﺷﺎﺷﺔ ‪ LCD‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﻤﻨﻔﺬ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮﻱ ﻓﻲ ‪ .Arduino UNO R3‬ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺨﺮﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲﻟﻤﻴﻜﺮﻭﻛﻨﺘﺮﻭﻟﺮ ‪ Arduino‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍءﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﻭﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﻮ ﻭﻣﺼﺒﺎﺡ ‪ LED‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺮﺱ ﻭ‪NodeMCU‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﺣﻞ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔﺑﺎﻟﻤﺨﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ ﻟﻤﻴﻜﺮﻭﻛﻨﺘﺮﻭﻟﺮ ‪ Arduino PINs 4‬ﻭ‪ 6‬ﻭ‪ 7‬ﻭ‪ 8‬ﻭ‪9‬‬
‫ﻭ‪11‬ﻭ‪ 12‬ﻭ‪ .13‬ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮﻱ ﻟﻤﻴﻜﺮﻭﻛﻨﺘﺮﻭﻟﺮ ‪ Arduino‬ﻣﺨﺼﺺ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‪ MQ7‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺬ ‪ A0‬ﻭﺷﺎﺷﺔ ‪ LCD‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺬﻳﻦ‪ A4‬ﻭ‪.A5‬‬

‫‪ ISSN: 2637-1081| 13-18(2021)5:5‬ﺭﻗﻢ | ‪www.mitec.unikl.edu.my/mjit‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،5‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪2021 ،5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪1081-2637 :‬‬

‫‪ (2‬ﺑﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪ 4.3.2 24‬ﺑﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫‪3.0‬ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬

‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 4.3.2‬ﺃﻥ ﺑﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨُﺪﻡ ﻛﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺉﺞﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﻭﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪.‬ﻳﺴُﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﻨﻔﺬ ‪ 2.1‬ﺃﻣﺒﻴﺮ ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ‪ Arduino‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎﻳﺴُﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺬ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ‪ 1.0‬ﺃﻣﺒﻴﺮ ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ‪ NodeMCU‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻠﺨﺺﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻭﻳﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎء‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ‪ IOT‬ﻹﺷﻌﺎﺭﺍﺕ ‪ Blynk‬ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺻﻼﺣﻬﺎﻭﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ‪ 5‬ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﺃﺧﻴﺮﺍً ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﻭﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‪.‬ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ‬
‫‪(3‬ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬ﺑﻨﺎء ًﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻲﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻧﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬

‫ﺑﺄﻫﺪﺍﻑﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫‪ .Arduino UNO R3‬ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺎﻥ ‪ -‬ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺃﻭﻟﻲ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺇﻃﻔﺎءﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‪ Arduino Uno‬ﻭ ‪ Blynk IOT‬ﻣﻦ ‪ NodeMCU‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻦﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪ 4.3.3 25‬ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ‬

‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 4.3.3‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﻨﻚ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪،‬ﺳﻴﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺉﻴﺎً ﻓﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻮﻝ‪ .‬ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩ ﺑﺪء ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﻜﺘﺸﻒﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻱ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪(1‬ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬

‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎءﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ‪ LCD‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ "ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﻃﻔﺎء‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖﺍﻵﻟﻲ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻈُﻬﺮِﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺟﺎﻫﺰ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺓﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ‪MQ7‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء ﺃﻳﻀﺎً‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪ 4.3.1 23‬ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺃﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬

‫‪(4‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ‪MQ7‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 4.3.1‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﻭﺇﻃﻔﺎء‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖﺍﻵﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ‪ .Arduino‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺅﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪ 4.3.4 26‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ‪MQ7‬‬

‫‪ ISSN: 2637-1081| 14-18(2021)5:5‬ﺭﻗﻢ | ‪www.mitec.unikl.edu.my/mjit‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،5‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪2021 ،5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪1081-2637 :‬‬

‫‪(6‬ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻹﻃﻔﺎء‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 4.3.4‬ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ‪ MQ7‬ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺒﺪﺃ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ‪MQ7‬‬
‫ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺟﺎﻫﺰﺍً ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﻱ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻀﻲء ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ‪LED‬‬
‫ﻟﻺﺷﺎﺭﺓﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺍﺯﺭﺓﻟﻘﻔﻞ ﺯﻧﺎﺩ ﻓﻮﻫﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺉﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪.‬ﺳﻴﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺱ ﺻﻮﺗﺎً ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺎً ﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺉﻖ ﻹﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺘﻪﻓﻲ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﻲء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ‪،LCD‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪ 4.3.8 30‬ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻹﻃﻔﺎء‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ "ﺃﻃﻔﺊ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺘﻚ ﺍﻵﻥ!"‪ .‬ﺳﺘﺘﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ‪ 10‬ﺛﻮﺍﻥ‪ٍ.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‪ 10‬ﺛﻮﺍﻥ‪ ٍ،‬ﺳﺘﻌﻮﺩ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 4.3.8‬ﺃﻥ ﻓﻮﻫﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻮﺏ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﻭﺗﻄﻔﺊ‬ ‫ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ‪ LED‬ﻭﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺇﻟﻐﺎء ﻗﻔﻞ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺍﺯﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ‪ 20‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ‪" LCD‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﺍﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪(5‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء‬

‫‪NodeMCU.‬ﻭ ‪ Arduino‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻯﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺭﺳﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ Arduino.‬ﺃﻭﻻ‪ً،‬‬
‫ﺍﺣﺼﻞﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﻴﺔ ﻟـ ‪NodeMCU ESP8266.‬ﻭ ‪UNO‬‬
‫‪ Arduino‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ ﻳﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫‪ NodeMCU.‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻢ ﺇﻋﻼﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰ ‪ Arduino‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪ RX / TX‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺩﺑﻮﺱ ‪NodeMCU ESP8266،‬ﻭ ‪R3‬‬
‫‪ Arduino UNO‬ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪Arduino.‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ ESP8266 NodeMCU‬ﻫﻮ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺷﻌﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪﻧﻘﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪ 4.3.5 27‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻨﺎﻫﻮ ‪ Blynk‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫‪Arduino IDE‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 4.3.5‬ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍءﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﺟﺴﻤﺎً‬
‫ﺿﻤﻦﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻢ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ‪ MQ7‬ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﻌﻤﻞﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺟﺎﻫﺰﺍً ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺃﻱ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍﺗﻢ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻀﻲء ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ‪ LED‬ﻟﻺﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‪.‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﻮ ﻟﻘﻔﻞ ﺯﻧﺎﺩ ﻓﻮﻫﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺘﻰﻻ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺉﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺣﺮﻳﻖ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﺱ ﺻﻮﺗﺎً ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺎً ﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺉﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩﺣﺮﻳﻖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺘﺒﺪﺃﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬

‫‪ ،LCD‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ "ﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻵﻥ!"‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺮﺳﻞ‬
‫‪ Blynk‬ﺇﺷﻌﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ ﻭﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻹﻃﻔﺎء‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺘﺴﺘﻐﺮﻕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ‪20‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ‪ 20‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﻌﻮﺩ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚﻳﻨﻄﻔﺊ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ‪ ،LED‬ﻭﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺇﻟﻐﺎء ﻗﻔﻞ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺍﺯﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺘﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔﻭﺳﻴﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ‪ Blynk‬ﺃﻳﻀﺎً‪ .‬ﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ‪" LCD‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻃﻔﺎءﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ"‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮﻕ ‪ 20‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺴﻮﻑﻳﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪ 4.4.7 38‬ﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰ ‪NodeMCU‬‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﺇﺧﻤﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ .‬ﺳﺘﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 4.4.7‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑـ ‪ NodeMCU‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﻭﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺘﻪﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ .Arduino IDE‬ﺃﻭﻻ ًﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺇﻋﻼﻥﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ISSN: 2637-1081| 15-18(2021)5:5‬ﺭﻗﻢ | ‪www.mitec.unikl.edu.my/mjit‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،5‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪2021 ،5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪1081-2637 :‬‬

‫ﺳﺘﺒﺪﺃﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻣﻦ ‪ .0‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ‪ MQ7‬ﻏﺎﺯ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﺘﺎﺝﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﻴﺰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ ‪ wifi‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪،‬ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺊ ﻷﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺑﻨﺎء ًﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺇﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎء‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺭﻣﺰ ﻣﻤﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ‪ Blynk‬ﻭﺇﺭﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‪ .‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﻴﺰ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﻳﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ‪ MQ7‬ﺃﻱ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ‪ ،100‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﻳﺪﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻼﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔﻟﺴﻄﺮ "‪ ،"serial.begin‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺤﺪﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺘﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ .750‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﺍً‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ 10‬ﺛﻮﺍﻥ‪ٍ،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ)‪ (baud‬ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻨﺨﻔﺾﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ‪ 34‬ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﻮﻝ‬ ‫‪9600‬ﻟﻤﻌﺪﻝ ﺃﺑﻄﺄ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺯ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﻲء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﺘﻰﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪،‬ﺳﻴﻘﻔﺰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ‪ 10‬ﺛﻮﺍﻥ ٍﺳﻴﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫‪.34‬ﺳﺘﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ‪ MA7‬ﻏﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻳﻈﻬﺮ "ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻝﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ."Petronas Seri Alam 81750 Masai, Johor‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﺭﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻭﺇﺭﺳﺎﻟﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ‪.Blynk‬‬

‫ﺇﺷﻌﺎﺭﺑﻠﻴﻨﻚ‬
‫‪(2‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪ 4.5.2 42‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪ 4.4.9 40‬ﺇﺷﻌﺎﺭ ‪Blynk‬‬

‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 4.5.2‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎء ً‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 4.4.9‬ﺇﺷﻌﺎﺭ ‪ Blynk‬ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ Blynkapp‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻒ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻲ‪.‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ‪ .1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺮﺽ"ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻓﻲ ‪81750 Masai, Johor‬‬
‫ﺳﺘﺒﺪﺃﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ .1‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ‬ ‫‪ ."Petronas Seri Alam‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻼﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻳﻘﺎً‪،‬ﺳﻴﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﻳﻨﺰﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ .0‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﻴﺔﻭﺇﺭﺳﺎﻟﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻃﻔﺎء‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﻔﺬ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻌُﺮﻑ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ‪.D0‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﻳﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‪،‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ .0‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‪.‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪(1‬ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬
‫‪.0‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺧﺮﺝ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻤﻲ‪.‬ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ 20‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪ 1‬ﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔﻟﻠﻨﺰﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻐﺮﻕ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ‪ 60‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻃﻔﺎء‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖﺗﺘﻜﺮﺭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ‪ 3‬ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﻒﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻳﻘﺎً ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻃﻔﺎء‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻃﻔﺎء‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﺳﺘﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰﻗﻴﻤﺔ ‪ .1‬ﻭﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﺮﻕ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬
‫‪40‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ 40‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺘﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ‪.1‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪ 4.5.1 41‬ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬

‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ 4.5.1‬ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎء ًﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻫﻲ ‪ .0‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ‪،MQ7‬‬

‫‪ ISSN: 2637-1081| 16-18(2021)5:5‬ﺭﻗﻢ | ‪www.mitec.unikl.edu.my/mjit‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،5‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪2021 ،5‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪1081-2637 :‬‬

‫‪(3‬ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫‪4.0‬ﺧﺎﺗﻤﺔ‬

‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻠﻴﺎً ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲﺍﻟﺨﺘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﻭﺇﻃﻔﺎﺉﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺉﻴﺎًﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻨﺼﺔ ‪ Arduino‬ﻭ‪ .NodeMCU‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫‪(4‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺃﺭﺩﻭﻳﻨﻮ ﻣﻴﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎً ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻴﺎً ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻨﺎء ًﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﺍء ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪.‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻮﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﻣﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖﻭﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ ﺑﻨﺠﺎﺡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞﻣﻌﻘﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺭﺩﻭﻳﻨﻮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎً‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ً،‬ﻳﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻹﻃﻔﺎء‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺇﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺇﺷﻌﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻃﻔﺎء ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙﺣﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺨﻔﻒ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺐء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻼ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻃﻔﺎء‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ‪.‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺤﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻮﺍ ﻟﺤﺎﺩﺙ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺪﻟﻠﻪ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻨﺒﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻄﺔﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﻘﺎﺫ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻃﻔﺎء ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺎءﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪،‬ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﺒﻌﻮﺍ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ‪ .‬ﺃﻭﻻ ًﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﺩ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺧﺮﺟﺖﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﻴﺮﺍً‪ ،‬ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺷﻜﺮﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺉﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻹﻛﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻀﻤﻦﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩﺍﻷﻃﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺉﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻭﺩ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺃﻥ ﺃﻏﺘﻨﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎً‪.‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮﻋﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻱ ﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻱ ﻭﻋﺎﺉﻠﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻦﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻄﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢﻭﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻦﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮﻓﻲ‪،‬ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺯﻟﻬﻤﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻓﻪ ﻭﺩﻋﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻫﻤﺖﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎءﺓ ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔﻭﺍﻷﻃﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺠﺎﺡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﻧﺴﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻱ ﻟﻤﺸﺮﻓﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺷﻜﺮ ﺯﻣﻼﺉﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻣﻼﺉﻲﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺁﺭﺍﺉﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺧﻴﺮﺍً‪،‬ﺃﻭﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺑﺠﺰﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻫﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺇﻧﺠﺎﺡ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖﻭﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻃﻔﺎءﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ"‪ .‬ﻻ ﺃﻗﻮﻡ ﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺅﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ‪،‬ﺑﻞ ﻭﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﺮﺍً ﻣﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻧﻲ ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﻗﺪﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﻘﺎً ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪(1‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﻟﻬﺐ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻕﻗﻠﺒﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ .‬ﺃﺿﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮﺍً ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺰء ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮﺍً ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮﺍً ﺁﺧﺮ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻬﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪(2‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻥﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﻭﺿﻮﺣﺎً ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲﺃﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﻱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪(3‬ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺏ ﺇﻃﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺠﻌﻞﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻃﻔﺎء ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺮﻓﻮﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺎً ﻭﺃﻓﻘﻴﺎً ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻃﻔﺎء‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬

‫]‪.[1‬ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ‪، J. Sci. 59-51 (2000) 163 .‬ﻓﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ‪،‬‬
‫‪J. van der Geer، JAJ Hanraads، RA Lupton‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻭﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻥﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓﺇﻟﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ‪.‬‬

‫]‪[2‬ﺩﺑﻠﻴﻮ ﺳﺘﺮﻭﻧﻚ ﺟﻮﻧﻴﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﻱ ﺑﻲ ﻭﺍﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪(1‬ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ‪ Blynk‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻛﻤﻴﻼﻥ‪،‬ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‪.1979 ،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫‪.Android‬‬
‫]‪[1‬ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﻧﻴﻮ ﺳﺘﺮﻳﺘﺲ ﺗﺎﻳﻤﺰ – ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﻣﻠﺤﺔ ‪30 4224/burning-issue‬‬ ‫‪(2‬ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ‪GPRS GSM Module 4 World Frequency‬‬
‫‪https://www.nst.com.my/opinion/leaders/2017/11/‬‬ ‫‪ SIM800L‬ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺨﺎﺩﻡ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ‪ .‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ‪SIM‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺔﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ‪.GSM Module 800L‬‬

‫‪ ISSN: 2637-1081| 17-18(2021)5:5‬ﺭﻗﻢ | ‪www.mitec.unikl.edu.my/mjit‬‬

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1081-2637 :‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬

/f all12/atmo336/lectures/sec1/mvparcels.html 1‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺧﺎﺹ‬،4-1 :(2014 ‫[؛ )ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‬2]

‫ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻴﻨﺎﺭﻳﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬
http://www.atmo.arizona.edu/students/courselinks ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞﻓﻲ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬
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‫[ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬18]

/class/thermalP/L esson-1/‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬

/special/1/A.Ketsakorn%20and %20W.Meethom.pdf
https://www.physicsclassroom.com
http://www.ijcrar.com
‫ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺉﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬:‫[ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻛﻠﻔﻦ ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬19]
‫[ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬4] [3]
https://www.livescience.com/39994-kelvin.html ‫ﺷﺠﺮﺓﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ‬

‫[ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺬﺍﺭ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺷﺎﺷﺎﺕ‬20] /cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer =https://

‫ﺍﻷﻭﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴﺔﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ‬ https://lib.dr.iastate.edu

-to-fire-detection,-alarm,-and-automaticfire-sprinklers /&httpsredir=1&article=1351&conte xt=abe_eng_conf

/3.-emergency-management/3.2-anintroduction www.google.com
/free-resources/preservationleaflets
‫[ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻭﻳﻜﻴﺒﻴﺪﻳﺎ‬7] [6] [5]
https://www.nedcc.org
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_tree_analogy
‫[ﻛﺎﺷﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﺎﻥ‬21]
‫[ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺄ‬8]
http://www.expertfireengineers.com/alarm-smoke.html
https://www.weibull.com/basics/fault-tree/index.htm
‫ ﺇﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺭﺯﻭﻟﻒ؛ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬،‫ ﺭﻳﺲ‬.‫ ﻳﻮﻫﺎﻧﺲ ﺏ‬،‫ ﺃﺑﺮ‬.‫[ﺟﻴﻤﺲ ﺱ‬22]
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫[ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬9]

/science/article/pii/B9780444532602100110#! https://www.nap.edu/read/11183/chapter/6
https://www.sciencedirect.com
‫ ﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬- ‫[ ﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖ‬11] [10]
‫[ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬23] 2011 ‫ ﻣﺎﺭﺱ‬28 ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬

https://www.firesafe.org.uk/fire-risk-assessment/
/31453124 2_‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ‬:‫ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬،208 -1: ‫ ﻣﺎﺭﺱ؛‬NIOSH.[12]
https://www.researchgate.net/publication
Clemens-PL‫ ؛‬Simmons-RJ، NIOSH 1998 ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔﻣﻦ‬

‫[ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬24]

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/20000060.html
https://www.electronics- tutorials.ws/io/thermistors.html
‫[ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺉﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺒﺎء ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ‬13]
;5786-345-507 ‫[ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺎء ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ؛‬25] ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺪﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬
[email protected]
shazards_flam_gases_liq_aeros_risk_min.pdf
https://www.ei-sensor.com/what-is-a-thermistor/ https://ehs.unl.edu/sop/

‫[ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬26] ‫[ﺧﺼﺎﺉﺺ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻀﻮء‬14]

https://www.azosensors.com/article.aspx?ArticleID /topics/engineering/l ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖﻣﺸﻊ‬

https://www.sciencedirect.com
‫[ﻧﻬﺞ ﻋﺸﻮﺍﺉﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬27]
.‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺉﻖﻭﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺘﻬﺎ؛ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫[ﺿﻐﻂ‬15]

/~asmits/Bicycle_web/pre ssure.html
https://www.princeton.edu

‫[ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎء ﺍﻟﻐﻮﺹ‬16]

https://www.ehs.ucsb.edu/files/docs/ds/physics.pdf

‫[ﺍﻟﺠﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻘﺲ‬17]

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