Complex Numbers

(Complex Number Basics)

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 COMPLEX NUMBERS

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 Complex Numbers
COMPLEX NUMBER

● Real Number System

● Why do I need a Complex number?
● Complex number
● Integral Powers of ‘i’
● Algebra of Complex Number
● Multiplicative Inverse of Z
● Equality of Complex Numbers
● Representation of Complex Numbers
● Conjugate of a Complex Number
● Modulus of a Complex Number
 Complex Numbers
JEE(MAIN) PYQs Using COMPLEX NUMBER BASICS
Complex Numbers

REAL NUMBERS
 Complex Numbers

Why do I need a Complex number?

 Complex Numbers

Let’s consider,

So the solution of this equation is x = ± i

 Complex Numbers

Imaginary Quantity:

The square root of a -ve real number is never real and is known as
imaginary number.

Ex:
Complex Numbers

REAL NUMBERS COMPLEX

NUMBERS
 Complex Numbers

Z=x+iy

Imaginary part
Real part
Imaginary number

Example. In z = 4 + i, what is the real part?

 Complex Numbers
Solution

In z=a+bi, a is real part and b is imaginary part.

So, in 4+i, real part is 4 .
Complex Numbers

Q. Write the real and imaginary part of 1-2i2.

 Complex Numbers
Solution
 Complex Numbers
Z = a + ib

Purely
Purely Real
Imaginary
If b = 0 & Z = a
If a = 0 & Z = bi
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Is always TRUE ?
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Is ?

If a, b are positive real numbers, then

Complex Numbers

Q.

A 15

B 15i

C -15

D -5i
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Solution
Complex Numbers

Q.

A 15

B 15i

C -15

D -5i
 Complex Numbers
INTEGRAL POWERS OF ‘i’

e)
And ensure there is no i in the denominator.
Complex Numbers

Q. Simplify : i59
 Complex Numbers
Solution
Complex Numbers

Q. Simplify the expression : i30+ i40 + i60.

 Complex Numbers
Solution
Complex Numbers

Q. Simplify the expression : i–18+ i–20.

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Solution

i–18+ i–20 = 1/i18 + 1/i20

= 1/(i4)4.i2) +
1/(i4)5
=1/-1 + 1/1
= -1 + 1
=0
Complex Numbers

Q.

A 0

B 2i

C -2i

D 2
 Complex Numbers
Solution

Since,
Complex Numbers

Q.

A 0

B 2i

C -2i

D 2
Complex Numbers

Q. i2+i4+i6+......+(2n+1) terms

A -1

B 1

C i

D -i
 Complex Numbers
Solution
Complex Numbers

Q. i2+i4+i6+......+(2n+1) terms

A -1

B 1

C i

D -i
Complex Numbers

Q. The value of is:

A 4

B -4

C 2

D -2
 Complex Numbers
Solution
Complex Numbers

Q. The value of is:

A 4

B -4

C 2

D -2
Complex Numbers

Q. Find the value of

 Complex Numbers
Solution
Complex Numbers
INTEGRAL POWERS OF ‘i’

In general,
●

●
Complex Numbers
INTEGRAL POWERS OF ‘i’

In general,
●

●
Complex Numbers
SUM OF INTEGRAL POWERS OF ‘i’

Example: i80 + i81 + i82 + i83 = 0

Complex Numbers

Q. i49(i250 + i251 + i252 + i253) = ___________.

A i

B -i

C 0

D 1
 Complex Numbers
Solution:

i49(i250 + i251 + i252 + i253) = i49 × 0 = 0

Complex Numbers

Q. i49(i250 + i251 + i252 + i253) = ___________.

A i

B -i

C 0

D 1
 Complex
Algebra Numbers
of Complex Numbers
OPERATION DEFINITION PROPERTIES
Closure:
Z1, Z2 ∈ C ⇒ Z1 + Z2 ∈ C

Commutative:
Z1 + Z 2 = Z 2 + Z 1

If z1 = a + ib Associative:
and z2 = c + id (Z1 + Z2)+ Z3 = Z1 + (Z2+
ADDITION
⇒ z1+ z2 = (a + ib) + (c + id) Z3)
= (a + c) + i(b + d) Additive Identity:
∀ Z ∈ C, 0 = 0 + i0∈ C,
Z+0=0+Z

Additive Inverse:
Z + (-Z) = (-Z) + Z =0
 Complex
Algebra Numbers
of Complex Numbers
OPERATION DEFINITION PROPERTIES
Closure:
Z1, Z2 ∈ C ⇒ Z1 - Z2 ∈ C
If z1 = a + ib
and z2 = c + id Commutative:
SUBTRACTION
⇒ z1– z2 = (a + ib) – (c + id) Z1 - Z2 ≠ Z 2 - Z1
= (a – c) + i(b – d) Associative:
(Z1 - Z2) - Z3 ≠ Z1 - (Z2- Z3)
 Complex
Algebra Numbers
of Complex Numbers
OPERATION DEFINITION PROPERTIES
Closure:
Z1, Z2 ∈ C ⇒ Z1.Z2 ∈ C

If z1 = a + ib Commutative:
and z2 = c + id Z1.Z2 = Z2.Z1

MULTIPLICATION Associative:
⇒ z1× z2 (Z1.Z2).Z3 =
= (a + ib)×(c + id) Z1.(Z2.Z3)
= (ac – bd) + i(ad + bc)
Multiplicative
Identity:
Z.1 = 1.Z = Z
 Complex
Algebra Numbers
of Complex Numbers
OPERATION DEFINITION PROPERTIES
If z1 = a + ib Closure:
and z2 = c + id Z1/Z2 ∈ C

DIVISION ⇒ Multiplicative inverse

for Z≠0, 1/Z ∈ C

⇒ Z.(1/Z) = 1 = (1/Z).Z
 Complex Numbers
Multiplicative Inverse of Z
Complex Numbers

Q. If z=1+i, then the multiplicative inverse of z2

is

A 2i

B 1-i

C -i/2

D i/2
 Complex Numbers
Solution:
Complex Numbers

Q. If z=1+i, then the multiplicative inverse of z2

is

A 2i

B 1-i

C -i/2

D i/2
 Complex Numbers
Equality of Complex Numbers

Q. Find the ordered pair(x,y) for which

a+bi = c+di
if and only if a = c, and b = d. x2-y2-i(2x+y)=2i
 Complex Numbers
Solution:
 Complex Numbers
Representation of Complex Numbers

Imaginary axis P (x,y)

y

Real axis
Z = x + iy
O x

Here P(x, y), a point P in argand plane representing

complex number Z = x + iy
 Complex Numbers
Conjugate of a Complex Number

The conjugate of a complex number is denoted by Z

If Z = a + ib then Z = a - ib.
 Complex Numbers
Basic Properties of Conjugate
Complex Numbers

Q. Find conjugate of

D
 Complex Numbers
Solution:
Complex Numbers

Q. Find conjugate of

D
Complex Numbers

Q. Find real values of x and y for which the

complex numbers -3+ix2y and x2+y+4i are
conjugate of each other.
 Complex Numbers
Solution:
 Complex Numbers
Modulus of a Complex Number
 Complex Numbers
Basic Properties of Modulus
➢ |z| = 0 ⇒ z = 0
➢ z.z̄ = |z|2
➢ |z| = |z̄|
➢ |z1 × z2| = |z1|×|z2|
➢

➢ |zn| = |z|n
Complex Numbers

Q. Which one of the points i, -2+i and 3 is

farthest from the origin?
 Complex Numbers
Solution:
Complex Numbers

Q. Find the modulus of the complex number

A √5

B √2

C √7

D 1
 Complex Numbers
Solution:
Complex Numbers

Q. Find the modulus of the complex number

A √5

B √2

C √7

D 1
Complex Numbers

Q. What is the modulus of

A 2√5

B 4

C 3

D 2
 Complex Numbers
Solution:
Complex Numbers

Q. What is the modulus of

A 2√5

B 4

C 3

D 2