2023 PWMTC - Advanced Individual II

1. Use ⌊𝑥⌋ to represent the largest integer that is smaller or equal to x . If a real number r satisfies
𝟏 𝟐 𝟗
⌊𝒓 + ⌋ + ⌊𝒓 + ⌋ + … + ⌊𝒓 + ⌋ = 122, find the value for ⌊𝟏𝟎𝒓⌋.
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎

Answer: 135.
1 2 9 𝟏 𝟐 𝟗
Solution: Since 0 < 10, , … , 10 < 1, we know the value for each of ⌊𝒓 + 𝟏𝟎⌋, ⌊𝒓 + 𝟏𝟎⌋, … , ⌊𝒓 + 𝟏𝟎⌋ is
10
𝟏 𝟐 𝟗
either ⌊𝒓⌋ or ⌊𝒓 + 𝟏⌋. Suppose the first x terms from ⌊𝒓 + 𝟏𝟎⌋, ⌊𝒓 + 𝟏𝟎⌋, … , ⌊𝒓 + 𝟏𝟎⌋ are equal to
⌊𝒓⌋ and the next (9 – x) terms are equal to ⌊𝒓 + 𝟏⌋. Because 9×13 < 122 < 9×14, ⌊𝒓⌋ =13 and
⌊𝒓 + 𝟏⌋ = 14 which means 13x + 14(9 – x) = 122 or x = 4.
𝟒 𝟓 13 ≤ 𝑟 + 0.4 < 14,
Since ⌊𝒓 + 𝟏𝟎⌋ = 13, ⌊𝒓 + 𝟏𝟎⌋ = 14 or {
14 ≤ 𝑟 + 0.5 < 15.
Solve for r, 13.5 ≤ r < 13.6. Therefore, 135 ≤ 10r < 136 or ⌊10𝑟⌋ = 135.

1
2. Define a sequence {𝑎𝑛 } to be a1 = 10 and an = 2an-1. Starting from point M(0, 0), move toward right for a1
units arriving at point M1. Now turn left 90° (counterclockwise) and move forward for a2 units arriving at
point M2. Make another 90° counterclockwise turn and move toward for a3 units arriving at point M3.
Continue this way until the points get “infinitely” close to point N. If N = (h, k), find (h + k).

Answer: 12.

Solution (1): M = (0, 0), M1 = (10, 0), M2 = (10, 5), M3 = (10–5/2, 5), M4 = (10–5/2, 5–5/4),
M5 = (10–5/2+5/8, 5–5/4), M6 = (10–5/2+5/8, 5–5/4+5/16), …,
M∞ = N(h, k) = (10–5/2+5/8–5/32+5/128–5/512+…, 5–5/4+5/16–5/64+5/256–5/1024+…)
= (10 – 5/2[1–1/4+1/16–1/64+1/256–1/1024+…],
5 – 5/4[1–1/4+1/16–1/64+1/256–1/1024+…])
1 1
= (10 – 5/2( 1), 5 − 5/4( 1))
1+ 1+
4 4
= (10 – 2, 5 – 1)
= (8, 4).
Therefore, (h + k) = 8 + 4 = 12.
1 1 2
Solution (2): Use MM1 as the real axis, we have ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝑀1 = 10, 𝑀 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
1 𝑀2 = 10(2i), 𝑀2 𝑀3 = 10(2i) ,
1 3
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀 3 𝑀4 = 10( i) , and so on.
2
1 1 2 1 3
So, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑀𝑀1 + 𝑀 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
1 𝑀2 + 𝑀2 𝑀3 + 𝑀3 𝑀4 + … = 10[1 + (2i) + (2i) + (2i) + …].
1
= 10 × 1
1− 𝑖
2
2(2+𝑖)
= 10 × 4+1
= 8 + 4i.
Therefore, point N(h, k) = N(8, 4) or (h + k) = 8 + 4 = 12.
3. Suppose x, y, and z are real numbers that satisfy x + 2y + 3z = 0 and yz + zx + xy = 0.
If the value range for the possible values of (x + y + z) is [h, k], find (k – h).

Answer: 6.

Solution: Let (x + y + z) = M. Then x+2y+3z = 0 implies

x = –2y – 3z = –2(y + z) – z = –2(M – x) – z = –2M + 2x – z.
Therefore, x = z + 2M. ①
Similarly, y = –2x – M. ②
Substitute ① and ② into yz + zx + xy = 0, we have 3z2 + 4Mz + (2M2–6) = 0.
To obtain real roots for z, Dz ≥ 0 or (4M)2 – 4(3)(2M2–6) = –8M2 + 72 ≥ 0 or M2 ≤ 9 or –3 ≤ M ≤ 3.
Therefore, (k – h) = 3 – (–3) = 6.

4. Suppose a, b, and c are positive real numbers and a + b + c = 1. If M = √3𝑎 + 1 + √3𝑏 + 1 + √3𝑐 + 1,
find the integer part of M or ⌊𝑴⌋.

Answer: 4.

Solution: From the condition in the problem, 0 < a < 1 which means a > a2. So,
√3𝑎 + 1 = √𝑎 + 2𝑎 + 1 > √𝑎2 + 2𝑎 + 1 = a+1 or √3𝑎 + 1 > a+1.
Similarly, √3𝑏 + 1 > b+1 and √3𝑐 + 1 > c+1.
Add all these three inequalities and combine with the condition a + b + c = 1，we have
M = √3𝑎 + 1 + √3𝑏 + 1 + √3𝑐 + 1 > (a+1) + (b+1) + (c+1) = (a + b + c) + 3 = 4. .
On the other hand, applying Cauchy–Schwarz Inequality, we have
M = (1×√3𝑎 + 1) + (1×√3𝑏 + 1) + (1×√3𝑐 + 1)
≤ √3(3𝑎 + 1 + 3𝑏 + 1 + 3𝑐 + 1)
= √3[3(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 ) + 3]
= 3√2.
Therefore, 4 < M ≤ 3√2 < 5 and ⌊𝑴⌋ = 4.

243(1−√3)𝑖 − 243(1+√3)
5. Suppose [𝑟(cos(𝜃) + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃))]5 = .
64(1+𝑖)
𝑟
Find where θ is in radian measure and 0 < θ < 𝞹/4. (Use 𝞹 = 3 for your answer).
𝜃

Answer: 3.

Solution：Rationalize the right-hand side of the expression, we have (243 = 35 and 64 = 26)
3 √3 1 3 5𝜋 5𝜋
(2)5 (− + 2 𝑖) = (2)5 [cos( 6 + 2𝑘𝞹)+isin( 6 + 2𝑘𝞹)] k = integers
2
3 𝜋 2𝑘𝜋 𝜋 2𝑘𝜋
= [2 (cos( 6 + ) + 𝑖sin( 6 + )]5 k = integers
5 5
3 𝜋 2𝑘𝜋 𝜋 2𝑘𝜋
So, [𝑟(cos(𝜃) + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃)]5 = [2 (cos( 6 + ) + 𝑖sin( 6 + )]5 k = integer.
5 5
3 𝜋 2𝑘𝜋 𝜋
Hence, r = 2 and θ = 6 + 5
, k = integer. Since 0 < θ < 𝞹/4, θ = 6 .
𝑟 3 6
Therefore, = × 𝜋 = 3 using 𝞹 = 3.
𝜃 2
 6. Find the sum of all possible 3–digit numbers ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑎𝑏𝑐 so that the 9–digit number ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝒂𝒃𝒄𝒅𝒆𝒇𝒂𝒃𝒄 is the
product of the squares of 4 distinct prime numbers where ̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅̅ .
𝑑𝑒𝑓 = 2×𝑎𝑏𝑐

Answer: 650.

Solution: Since ̅̅̅̅̅

𝑑𝑒𝑓 = 2 × ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑎𝑏𝑐, ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 1002001 × ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑎𝑏𝑐
= 10012 × ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑎𝑏𝑐
= (7 × 11 × 13)2 × ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑎𝑏𝑐
= 72 × 112 × 132 × 𝑎𝑏𝑐̅̅̅̅̅ .
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
If the 9–digit number 𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑎𝑏𝑐 is the product of the squares of 4 distinct prime numbers and
̅̅̅̅̅
𝑑𝑒𝑓 = 2 × ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑎𝑏𝑐, then ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑎𝑏𝑐 must be the square of a prime number that is larger than 13 where 2 × ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑎𝑏𝑐
is a 3–digit number as well.
172 = 289 and 2×289 = 578 satisfies the condition.
2
19 = 361 and 2×361 = 722 satisfies the condition.
232 = 529 and 2×529 = 1058 not 3-digit and does not satisfy the condition
̅̅̅̅̅
Therefore, 𝑎𝑏𝑐 has possible values of 289 or 361 and their sum is 289 + 361 = 650.

7. As shown in the figure below, point P is a point inside of the regular hexagon ABCDEF. Use this point
to divide this hexagon into 6 triangles ∆PAB, ∆PBC, ∆PCD, ∆PDE, ∆PEF, and ∆PFA with six different
areas S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6 respectively. If S1 – S2 + S3 = 2040, find (S3 + S6).

A F

S6

S1
P S5

B
E

S2 S4

S3

C D

Answer: 4080.

Solution: Extend the three sides AB, CD, and EF of this regular hexagon ABCDEF and form an
equilateral triangle ∆MNL (see figure below).
Label this triangle's height as h and the length of each side of the regular hexagon ABCDEF as a.
Let AB, BC, CD, DE, EF, and FA be the base for triangles ∆PAB, ∆PBC, ∆PCD, ∆PDE, ∆PEF, and
∆PFA and label the heights to these bases as h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, an h6, respectively as shown in
the figure below.
1 1 1 1
Since S∆MNL = S∆MPN + S∆NPL + S∆MPL and 2×3ah = 2×3ah1 + 2×3ah3 + 2×3ah5, we have h1 + h3 + h5 = h.
1 1 1 1 1
So, S1 + S3 + S5 = 2×ah1 + 2×ah3 + 2×ah5 = 2×a(h1 + h3 + h5) = 2×ah.
1 1 1 1 2 1 1
Also, S2 + S5 = 2×ah2 + 2×ah5 = 2×a(h2 + h5) = 2a × 3h = 3×ah. Similarly, S3 + S6 = 3×ah.
1 1 1 1
So, 2040 = S1 – S2 + S3 = (S1 + S3 + S5) – (S2 + S5) = 2×ah – 3×ah = 6×ah or ×ah = 2040.
6
1 1
Therefore, ah = 6(2040) = 12240 or S3 + S6 = 3×ah = 3×(12240) = 4080.
 M

h
A F

S6 h5
h1
S1 S5
P
B
E
h2
S3 S4

S2
h3

N C D L

8. If the areas of the three adjacent faces of a rectangular box are 120, 40√5, and 48√5, find the volume of
the circumscribed sphere of this box. (Use 𝞹 = 3)

Answer: 2916.

Solution: Let the length, width, and height of this rectangular box be a, b, and c, respectively.
Then ab = 120, bc = 40√5, ac = 48√5 and (abc)2 = (ab)(bc)(ac) = (120)×(40√5)×(48√5) = 1152000
or abc = 480√5.
𝑎𝑏𝑐 480√5 𝑎𝑏𝑐 480√5 𝑎𝑏𝑐 480√5
So, a = = = 12, b = = = 10, and c = = = 4√5. Now, the length of the
𝑏𝑐 40√5 𝑎𝑐 48√5 𝑎𝑏 120
main diagonal of this rectangular box is l = √𝑎2 + 𝑏 + 𝑐2
2
= √144 + 100 + 80 = 18 which is
the diameter of its circumscribed sphere.
4 𝑙 4 18
Therefore, the volume of this sphere is V = 3 𝜋(2)3 = 3 𝜋( 2 )3 = 972𝞹 = 972×3 = 2916.