OBJECTIVES:

Understand basic web technologies

Discover the history of the Internet and the World
Wide Web
Learn the common means of accessing the web
Identify the kinds of web browsers and elements
Learn the basic design principles, web contents
and planning
Chapter 1:
Introduction to
Lesson 1:
Basic Web Concepts
 WEB Design Terminologies
• Network – is defined as several computers
connected together with purpose of sharing
resources including data, information, and
hardware.
• Internet – is a world wide collection of computers
interconnected to one another either wired or
wireless including all computers that you see at
home, in school, offices, and many other places.
• World Wide Web – (WWW) or simply called web – is
a collection of resources and information
interconnected via the internet.
 WEB Design Terminologies
• Web Page – is a formatted page within a
website that may contain text, graphics,
video and multimedia.
• Home Page – is usually the first web page
of the web site which usually provides
information about the web site, its
purpose, and contents. Usually other
have links on this page to be able to
navigate to them.
WEB Design Terminologies
• Splash Page – may precede the home
page. It usually contains a multimedia
which is designed to be attractive and
intriguing in order to create curiosity
and invite anyone to see its contents.
The Internet and The Web
The Origin of the Internet
• Why was the Internet created?
– The concept of the internet was developed in the
late 1950’s while the United States was in the middle
of the Cold War with the Soviet Union.
– At that time, the U. S. Department of Defense
needed a computer network that wouldn’t be
disrupted easily in the event of an attack.
– To respond to these concerns; establishing a secure
form of communications and creating a means by
which all computers could communicate.
 How the Internet Began
• In 1958, the Advanced Research Projects Agency
established for the US Dept. of Defense. This agency
creates the ARPAnet - the beginners of the internet.
• 1963 – ASCII code is developed as the standard for
computers from different manufactures to exchange data.
• The ethernet was developed by Xerox during this period.
This was inspired by Robert Metcalfe’s PhD on ‘packet
networks’.
• An ethernet is a protocol for describing how computers
can be connected in a LAN (Local Area Network)
• Through the use of Ethernet and ARPAnet the US were
able to develop a working network.
• In 1973 Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn created
the TCP/IP communication protocols.
• TCP/IP: Transfer Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol is a set of rules that describe how
computers can communicate over a network.
• Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn – are generally
acknowledged as the “Fathers of Internet”
• To send information over the Internet, a
computer packs data into Internet Protocol
(IP) packets and labels them with the correct
address. They are then sent across a packet
switched interconnected network.
 How do we use the Internet?
• E-mail • Learning
• WWW, hypertext, • Video Conferencing
browsers • Remote Backup
• FTP • Streaming video and
• Mobile Internet audio
• IM, Skype • Collaboration-
• Blogging Participation
• Gaming • Collaborative tagging
• Software over the web
• Social networks
• Business and finance
THE WEB IN PERSPECTIVE
English Physicist Tim Berners-
Lee presented a proposal for
an information management
system that would enable the
sharing of knowledge and
resources over a computer
network.
• The system he proposed has
propagated itself into what
can truly be called a World
Wide Web.
 The World Wide Web …

The World Wide Web is

an information space where
documents and other web
resources are identified
by Uniform Resource
Locators (URLs), interlinked
by hypertext links, and
accessible via the Internet.
 The World Wide Web…
• The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a way of
accessing information over the medium of the Internet.
It is an information-sharing model that is built on top of
the Internet. The Web uses the HTTP protocol, only one
of the languages spoken over the Internet, to transmit
data. Web services, which use HTTP to allow
applications to communicate in order to exchange
business logic, use the Web to share information. The
Web also utilizes browsers, such as Internet
Explorer or Firefox, to access Web documents
called Web pages that are linked to each other
via hyperlinks. Web documents also contain graphics,
sounds, text and video.
• Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in
1989. He created the first web browser in 1990
while employed at CERN (Conseil Européen
pour la Recherche Nucléaire) in Switzerland
and released it outside CERN in 1991.
• The World Wide Web has been the central to the
development of the Information Age and it is the
primary tool billions of people use to interact on
the Internet. Web pages are
primarily text documents formatted and
interpreted with Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML)
• Tim also created the first web page
editor/browser (“WorldWideWeb.app”) and
the first web server (“httpd“). By the end of
1990, the first web page was served on the
open internet, and in 1991, people outside of
CERN were invited to join this new web
community.
• Tim moved from CERN to the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology in 1994 to found the
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), an
international community devoted to
developing open web standards. He remains
the Director of W3C up to this day.
The world use it for a wide variety of purposes:
• Educational institutions and research
laboratories were among the very first users
of the Web, employing it for sharing
documents and other resources across the
Internet.
• Individuals today use the Web as an
instantaneous international postal service, as
a worldwide community bulletin board for
posting virtual photo albums, and as a venue
for holding global yard sales.
The world use it for a wide variety of purposes: cont’d

• Businesses engage in e-commerce, offering

individuals a medium for buying and selling
goods and services over the net. They also
communicate with other businesses through
B2B (business-to-business) data exchanges,
where companies can provide product
catalogues, inventories, and sales records to
other companies.
Lesson 2:
Web Browsers
 Web Browsers
• A web browser(commonly referred to as
a browser) is a software application for accessing
information on the World Wide Web. Each
individual web page, image, and video is identified
by a distinct URL, enabling browsers to retrieve and
display them on the user's device.
– An application that provides a way to look at and
interact with the information on the World Wide
Web.
– It retrieves, presents, and traverses information
resources. These include web pages, images,
video, and other multimedia content
 Web Browser User Interface
We Browser Elements
Name Function
Home Button Usually represented by a house icon to return to
the user’s home page
Address bar To input the uniform resource Identifier (URI)
also known as Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Back and As represented by left and right arrows, to go
Forward Buttons back to the previous page and forward to the
next.
Refresh or Reload To cancel loading the current page
Button
Search Bar As means to type in topics and terms in a search
engine
Status To display progress of the page being loaded
Basic Internet Browser Features
Kinds of Web Browsers
1. Internet Explorer (IE) – is a graphical web
browser designed and developed by
Microsoft Corporation, it is the most popular
internet browser used by more than 60% of
worldwide users.
Internet Explorer 1 was released on August 16,
1995 as part of Microsoft Plus.
2. Mozilla Firefox – is a free and open source web
browser downloaded from www.mozilla.com
/firefox running on Gecko layout engine. Develop
my mozilla Corporation, this web browser is the
second most popular web browser and its
acceptance is increasing because it supports and
implements the latest web standards set by W3C
and it also includes additional features with
anticipation to future standards.

Firefox 1 was released last November 9, 2004

3. Google Chrome – is a very new web browser
from Google Incorporated , the creator of the
most popular search engine Google. The Google
Chrome was released to the public last December
11, 2008. This search engine is now the fourth
most popular web browser after just a year and
now has over 3% of the user market.
4. Opera – is the fifth most popular web site as of
September 2009. This browser was first released
in 1996 using Presto engine. Opera is an Internet
suite which includes phishing and malware
protection and is downloadable free for personal
computers and mobile phones.
5. Netscape – was the most popular web browser in
the 1990’s and its further development has been
stopped by its owner American Online who bought
Netscape Communications Corporation. The last
version released was Netscape Navigator 9 last May
1, 2007. The legacy of Netscape is that it is the base
code for Mozilla Firefox and partly in Google
Chrome.
6. Flock – is a new web browser that supports
Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux operating
system and is based on Mozilla’s Firefox codebase.
It is the newer web browsers and Flock version 2.5
was released on May 19, 2009.
Lesson 3:
 What is Web Technologies?
Web technologies are the markup languages and
multimedia packages that computers use to
communicate.
1. Browsers
Browsers request information and then they show us in
the way we can understand. Think of them as the
interpreters of the web.
Most popular:
• Google Chrome – Currently, the most popular browser
brought to you by Google
• Safari – Apple’s web browser
• Firefox – Open-source browser supported by the
Mozilla Foundation Internet Explorer – Microsoft’s
2. HTML & CSS
HTML is the one of the one you should learn
first. Thanks to HTML, the web browsers know
what to show once they receive the request. If
you want to understand better how HTML
works, you also need to know what CSS is. CSS
describes how HTML elements are to be
displayed on the screen.
3. Web Development Frameworks
Web development frameworks are starting point
of items that a developer can use to avoid doing
the simple or mundane tasks, and instead get
right to work.
Next topic
Chapter 2