Scribd
Upload
4 views

Computer Vision Explanation

Uploaded by

muskansahani.cseaiml.amcec
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

Computer Vision Explanation

Uploaded by

muskansahani.cseaiml.amcec
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

1. What is Computer Vision?

Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer science that focuses on enabling

computers

to interpret, process, and analyze visual data from the world, such as images and videos. Its goal is

to emulate human

vision by extracting information and making decisions based on that data.

Examples of computer vision applications:

1. Object Detection: Identifying and locating objects within an image, like detecting vehicles on the

road for autonomous driving.

2. Facial Recognition: Recognizing and verifying faces for security purposes or social media tagging.

3. Medical Imaging Analysis: Assisting in diagnosing diseases by analyzing X-rays or MRIs.

4. Optical Character Recognition (OCR): Extracting text from images, such as reading scanned

documents.

5. Augmented Reality (AR): Overlaying digital information onto the real world, like using AR glasses

or mobile applications.

2. Explain BRDF with Example.

BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) is a mathematical function that describes

how light is

reflected at an opaque surface. It defines the relationship between incoming light and the light

reflected in different

directions.

Example: Consider a shiny metallic surface and a matte surface. The BRDF for the metallic surface

will show a high


peak when the viewing angle matches the angle of incidence (mirror-like reflection). In contrast, the

matte surface will

have a more even distribution, reflecting light diffusely in many directions.

3. What is Image Processing? Explain with an Example.

Image processing refers to the manipulation of an image to enhance its quality or extract useful

information. This

process involves techniques for improving the visual appearance of an image or converting it to a

form that is more

suitable for human or machine interpretation.

Example: One common example is noise reduction in images. An image taken in low light might

have random specks of

unwanted noise. By applying a filtering algorithm like a Gaussian filter, the noise can be smoothed

out to produce a

clearer image.

4. What is Photometric Image Formation? Explain in Detail.

Photometric image formation refers to the process by which images are formed based on the

interaction of light with

surfaces. This concept takes into account the light source properties, surface reflectance properties

(such as BRDF),

and the geometry of the scene. The resulting image is influenced by how light hits objects, reflects,

scatters, and

reaches the camera sensor.

The formation can be broken down into:


- Illumination: The type and intensity of the light source.

- Surface Properties: How the surface reflects light (specular vs. diffuse).

- Viewing Angle: The position of the observer or the camera.

- Shading and Shadows: Variations in brightness due to the 3D shape of objects.

Understanding photometric image formation is crucial in computer vision and image analysis, as it

helps in inferring the

shape and material properties of objects in an image.

5. Explain Fourier Transform and Its Properties

The Fourier transform (FT) is a mathematical technique that transforms a signal from its original

domain (often time

or space) into the frequency domain. For image processing, it decomposes an image into its

sinusoidal frequency

components.

Properties of Fourier Transform:

1. Linearity: The FT of a sum of functions is the sum of their FTs.

2. Time/Frequency Shifting: Shifting a function in time results in a modulation in the frequency

domain, and vice versa.

3. Duality: The FT has a dual nature in terms of its inverse.

4. Convolution Theorem: Convolution in the time domain corresponds to multiplication in the

frequency domain.

5. Parseval's Theorem: The total energy of the signal is preserved in both the time and frequency

domains.

Applications: FT is used in image filtering, edge detection, and image compression algorithms like
JPEG.

6. Write and Explain Gaussian and Laplacian Transformation Algorithms

Gaussian Transformation Algorithm:

Gaussian transformations involve applying a Gaussian filter to an image to smooth or blur it. This

helps in reducing

noise and detail. The Gaussian function is defined by:

G(x, y) = (1/(2*pi*sigma^2)) * exp(-((x^2 + y^2)/(2*sigma^2)))

Steps:

1. Create a Gaussian kernel with a standard deviation sigma.

2. Convolve the image with the Gaussian kernel.

3. The result is a smoothed image, with noise and detail reduced.

Laplacian Transformation Algorithm:

The Laplacian transformation highlights regions of rapid intensity change and is used for edge

detection. It works by

calculating the second derivative of an image. The Laplacian operator is defined as:

Laplacian(f(x, y)) = (partial^2 f/partial x^2) + (partial^2 f/partial y^2)

Steps:

1. Apply a Laplacian kernel to the image (e.g., using convolution).

2. Detect areas of rapid intensity change (edges).

3. Combine this result with the original image if necessary, for edge enhancement.

These algorithms are fundamental in pre-processing steps for various computer vision tasks.

You might also like