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STA210 Group Project

Statistics (Universiti Teknologi MARA)

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UITM CAWANGAN PAHANG

KAMPUS RAUB

PROJECT REPORT
STA210

OCTOBER 2022 - FEBRUARY 2023

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PROJECT REPORT

STATISTICAL METHOD (STA210)

GROUP:

CS1113C

TITLE:

STUDENT PERFORMANCE IN EXAMS

PREPARED BY:

NAME STUDENT ID

NUR FATIHAH BINTI SANUSI 2021893016

ALIYAH MAJDINA BINTI MUDZAFFAR ALFIAN 2021615776

NUR KHALISHAH QISTINA BINTI KAMARUL HALIM 2021626794

NUR’AINA NASUHA BINTI FARED FAHISHAL 2021208688

FARAH SOFEA BINTI FASRUL HISHAM 2021881306

PREPARED FOR:
MADAM NUR DALILA BINTI NORSHAHIDI

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TABLE OF CONTENT

No. Content Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study 2

1.2 Objectives of Study 3

2.0 METHODOLOGY

2.1 Source of Data 4

2.2 Description of Data 4-5

2.3 Procedure of Data Analysis 5

3.0 DATA ANALYSIS 6-8

4.0 CONCLUSION 9

REFERENCES 10

APPENDICES 10-11

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study

The topic of the study is students' performance in exams. Performance of a

student at the high school level, not only indicates whether or not schools are effective,

but also plays a significant role in determining the future of youth in particular and the

country in general. The school's main objective is to support students in achieving

academic achievement. Although the school may have other unrelated goals, parents

frequently expect their children to achieve exceptionally well in school.

Academic modification is important for students. When students are academically

adapted, success in school as learning and positive behavior are boosted. Students who

are academically well-adjusted typically value what they are learning, actively participate

in class activities, and obtain good grades.

The factors that strongly influence student performance are social, economic and

personal factors but these factors vary from person to person and country to country.

The majority of previous research on students' academic performance focused on

factors including gender differences, teacher education and teaching methods,

classroom dynamics, socioeconomic factors, and family educational history.

We will classify and determine the differences in math score, reading score and

writing score between both genders. The methods that will be used are Independent

sample t-test, One-Way ANOVA and Chi Square Independence Test. SPSS Statistics

have been used to run and interpret the results of the data.

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1.2 Objective

a) To conclude at 5% level of significant the mean of math score scored by female is

higher than male.

b) To test at 5% level of significant whether there is significant different in mean of

math score based on race.

c) To test at 0.05 level of significant, the hypothesis that the presence or absence

of female is independent of math score.

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CHAPTER 2

METHODOLOGY

2.1 Source of Data

Information that is saved in a data table, a data object or another type of storage

format, whether physical or digital is what we call a source of data. In this project, we

obtain information in digital form via the website "Kaggle." Based on the statement, the

data obtained is an external reference which is secondary data or in other words,

second-hand information as the data were taken from another investigator’s operator. It

was uploaded by Jakki Seshapanpu in 2019.

2.2 Description of Data

This study involved 1000 students as a sample size of high school students in the

United States. The data set is generated by a website called “Royce Kimmons” by Dr.

Kimmons. It is a fictional dataset and used for data science or statistics training

purposes. For the type of statistics in this study, inferential statistics is the type of

statistics as it tests hypotheses to draw conclusions of the whole populations based on

sample.

Moreover, this data collection comprises scores (numerical) from three exams

together with a range of interacting personal, social, and economic variables

(categorical). The qualitative attributes are gender, race ethnicity, parental level of

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education, lunch and test preparation. On the other hand, the quantitative variables are

math score, reading score and writing score.

Variable Type of Variable Scale of Measurement

Gender Qualitative Nominal

Race ethnicity Qualitative Nominal

Parental level of education Qualitative Ordinal

Lunch Qualitative Nominal

Test preparation Qualitative Nominal

Math score Quantitative (Continuous Data) Interval

Reading score Quantitative (Continuous Data) Interval

Writing score Quantitative (Continuous Data) Interval

2.3 Procedure of Data Analysis

Objective Statistical Analysis

1. To conclude at 5% level of significant the mean of

math score scored by female is higher than male. Independent sample t-test

2. To test at 10% level of significant whether there is

significant different in mean of writing score, One-Way ANOVA

reading score and math score based on race.

3. To test at 0.05 level of significant, the hypothesis

that the presence or absence of female is Chi Square Independence Test

independent of math score.

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CHAPTER 3

DATA ANALYSIS

3.1 To determine whether at 5% level of significant, the mean of math score scored by

female is higher than male.

Male Female

Sample, n 484 516

Mean,Ƨ 68.71 63.63

Standard deviation 14.342 15.510

Hypothesis Statement

ԶɗŞ ƧԴ ࡫ ƧԻȺƧԴ ࡠ ƧԻ ࡫ ɗ

ԶɘŞ ƧԴ ࡪ ƧԻȺƧԴ ࡠ ƧԻ ࡪ ɗ

Test Statistic

t = 5.382

Decision Rule

Reject Զɗ if p-value ࡫ Ɯ

Ɯ = 0.05

t = 5.382

Conclusion

Since t = 5.382 > Ɯ = 0.05, failed to reject Զɗ.

We have no enough evidence to conclude that the mean of math score scored by female

is higher than male.

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3.2 To test at 5% level of significant whether there is significant different in mean of math

score based on race.

Source of Variation Sum of Square df Mean Square F

Treatment 12447.7690 4 3111.9420 14.2530

Error 217241.3100 995 218.3330

Total 229689.0790 999

Hypothesis Statement

ԶɗŞ Ƨԯ ࡦ Ƨ԰ ࡦ ƧԱ ࡦ ƧԲ ࡦ ƧԳ
ԶɘŞ Ƨԯ ࡧ Ƨ԰ ࡧ ƧԱ ࡧ ƧԲ ࡧ ƧԳ

Test Statistics

ԴՋՉՔ ࡦ ɘɛş əɜɚɗ

Critical Value

ԴഈɗşɗɜŜɛŜɠɠɜഉ ࡦ əş ɚɞ

Decision Rule

Reject Զɗ if ԴՋՉՔ ࡪ Դ՜ՉՊՔՍ

ԴՋՉՔՋഈɘɛş əɜɚɗഉ ࡪ Դ՜ՉՊՔՍഈəş ɚɞഉ

Conclusion

There is enough evidence to conclude that there is significant different in mean of math

score based on race.

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3.3 To test at 0.05 level of significant, the hypothesis that the presence or absence of

female is independent of math score.

Female Male Total

Mathscore under 50 86 49 135

Mathscore over 50 419 431 850

Mathscore equal to 50 11 4 15

Total 516 484 1000

Hypothesis Statement

ԶɗŞ The two variables are independent

ԶɘŞ The two variables are not independent

Test Statistics

ə
Ն ՋՉՔՋ
ࡦ ɘəş ɜɝɝ

(where df = 2)

Critical Value

ə
Ն ഈɗşɗɜŜəഉ
ࡦ ɜş ɠɠɘ

Decision Rule

ə ə
Reject Զɗ if Ն ՋՉՔ
ࡪՆ ՜ՉՊՔՍ

ə ə
Ն ՋՉՔՋ
ࡦ ɘəş ɜɝɝ ࡪ Ն ഈɗşɗɜŜəഉ
ࡦ ɜş ɠɠɘ

Conclusion

We have enough evidence to conclude that the two variables are not independent.

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CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, this study aims to see student’s performance in an exams. Based

on the first objective which is to conclude at 5% level of significant the mean of math

score scored by female is higher than male. After the analysis were carried out, we can

say that the math score of male is higher than female. It is because we have no enough

evidence to conclude that the mean of math score scored by female is higher than male

by using Independent sample t-test.

Next, for the second objective which is to test at 10% level of significant whether

there is significant different in mean of writing score, reading score and math score

based on race. By referring from the result obtained, there is enough evidence to

conclude that there is significant different in mean of math score based on race. We can

determine the objective by using One-Way ANOVA test.

Lastly, we want to test at 0.05 level of significant, the hypothesis that the

presence or absence of female is independent of math score. In this case, we solve it by

using Chi Square Independence Test and we can conclude that there is enough

evidence that the two variables of female are not independent in math score.

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REFERENCES

Seshapanpu, J. (2018, November 9). Students performance in exams. Kaggle. from

https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/spscientist/students-performance-in-exams

APPENDICES

Objective 1

Objective 2

10

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Objective 3

11

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