MICRO PROJECT REPORT

“Topographical Sheet of Runoff”

2024-2025
This Micro-Project Award Work Submitted In Partial Fulfilment of
Requirement for the of Diploma In
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY

Roll No . Name Of Students Enrollment No . Sign

31 Lokesh K. Narule 23310230082

GUIDED BY
Mr.R.L .Rohankar
(Lecturer in Civil dept.)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC GADCHIROLI
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, GADCHIROLI

SUBMISSION
We are the students of second year of the course Diploma Civil Engineering
humbly submitted that we have completed project work " Topographical sheet of
runoff" as describes in this report by our own skills and study between the period
2024-2025 as per the guidance of Mr. and that the following students were
associated this work.

SUBMITED BY

Roll No . Name Of Students Enrollment No .

31 Lokesh K. Narule 23310230082

 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, GADCHIROLI

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that satisfactorily Completed the Micro project of work

“Topographical sheet of runoff” . during the academic year 2024-2025 for the
partial full fill ment of Diploma in Civil Engineering .

GUIDED BY Principal HOD

Mr. R.L .Rohankar Mr . A . B . Borade Mr. V. A. Dahikar sir

(Lecturer in Civil dept.) ( Principal in College ) ( Civil department)
Govt. Poly. Gadchiroli Govt. poly. Gadchiroli Govt. Poly. Gadchiroli
 Annexure-I

Micro-Project Proposal
“Topographical sheet of runoff ".

1. Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project Project:

: Topographical sheet of runoff.

• Benefits :

• Toposheet is also use in tourism industry.

• Toposheet is also use in preparing tourist maps.
• Provide more information about various attractive features on the area.
• Provide proper location of this map.

2. Outcomes Addressed:

: Reinforced Concrete is a concrete member that contains steel reinforcement

To increase its strength.

Proposed Methodology
First about this micro project then go to college library and find this topic related
book. Finally I find book then I collect relevant information for my project but not
sufficient information. I want to moreinformation collect about this topic then I
went to Net cafe. I used google for more information collection.
3 Action plan

Sr. Details of activity Planned Start Planned Finish Name of

No date date Responsible
Team Members

1. Select the Topic 15/10/2024 17/10/2024

2. Discussion on project with 21/10/2024 25/10/2024

guide Lokesh K. Narule

3. Collect data 27/1-/2024 04/11/2024

4. Working on project 06/11/2024 12/11/2024

6. Working on drafting 14/11/2024 17/11/2024

4 Resources Required

Sr. Name of Resource/material Specifications Quantity Remarks

No.

1. A Computer Dell 1

2. Internet For Search Engine 1

3. Environmental studies Books 1

 Annexure-II

Micro-Project Report
“Topographical sheet of runoff”.

1. Rationale

“A topographical sheet, also known as a topographic map or toposheet, is a

detailed, large-scale map that shows the natural and man-made features of an
area on the ground. These maps are based on actual surveys of the area and are
often used for engineering work.”

2. Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project:

• Topographical sheet of runoff

Benefits:

o Toposheet is also use in tourism industry.

o Toposheet is also use in preparing tourist maps.
o Provide more information about various attractive features on the area.
o Provide proper location of this map.

Course outcomes Archived

1. Determine the reactions of simply supported, overhanging and cantilever

beams
2. Calculate and draw the shearing force and bending moment diagrams of
beams subject to concentrated loads, uniform distributed loads and
combinations of the two.
 3 Literature Review:

PART 1 NAG RIVER

Introduction:

The Nag River is a river flowing through the city of Nagpur in Maharashtra and the city of Nagpur is named
after the Nag River. Nag River originates from a lake called Ambazari, which is located to the west of Nagpur
City. The discharge of untreated wastewater into the Nag River near the city area causes the deterioration of
water quality. The river serves as drainage for Nagpur and as a result its ecosystem is heavily polluted by
urban waste from the city. The Nag river confluence with Kanhan River near Sawangi village. To assess the
feasibility of water transportation, over this stretch of river a bathymetric survey and topographic survey was
carried out by IIC Technologies Ltd. on behalf of IWAI. 1.2 Tributaries of Nag River.

Nag River originates from a lake called Ambazari, which is located to the west of Nagpur City and the overflow
of lake constitutes the river Nag. There is another lake called Gorewada, which is to the north-west of the city
and its overflow constitutes the origin of another river called Pili and this river ultimately meets the river Nag.
The city of Nagpur has experienced very fast urbanization during the past 50 years. The exponential and rapid
rate of growth has resulted in increased use of water, which has increased generation of sewage. Due to this
the wastewater is not being treated adequately thereby resulting in the discharge of untreated wastewater into
Nag River.

Figure 1 - Nag River Tributaries

 State/District through which Nag River passes

The Survey stretch of Nag River Passes through the Nagpur administrative district ofMaharashtra
State.

Chainage (km) Length

State Name
From To in km
Maharashtra 0.0 58.7 58.7

Map
Full course of the waterway
The Nag River is said to be originating from a lake called Ambazari, which is located to the west of
Nagpur City. The upstream area of the survey stretch of Nag River is very narrow and is not traceable
due to urbanization and the encroachment of river banks.

Course of the waterway under study

Figure 2 - Map of Nag River

 The major part of the work is to conduct detailed hydrographic and topographic survey of
58.7 kms length of the Nag river from confluence with river Kanhan near
Sawangivillage at Lat 21° 5'38.27"N, Long 79°27'53.84"E to Bridge near NIT Colony,
Nagpur at Lat 21° 6'17.25"N, Long 79° 6'2.62"E.

The scope of the work for the conduct of a survey of Nag River includes:

• Undertake bathymetric and topographic survey of proposed waterway.

• Establishing horizontal and vertical control stations
• Construction of benchmark pillars and establishing its reduced level w.r.to Mean SeaLevel
• Setting up and deployment of water level gauges
• Current velocity and discharge measurements
• Collection and analysis of water and bottom samples.
• A collection of topographic features including existing cross structures.
• Preparation of inventory of industries in the project influence area (PIA)
• Analysis of survey data, including assessment of water availability for navigation.
• Preparation of survey charts and feasibility report.

Advance recce of the survey area was undertaken on 24 Jun 2016. The Recee commenced
from the Nagpur city area (upstream) towards the confluence of the Nag River with Kanhan near
Sawangi. The upstream portion of the Nag River is Nagpur city area and aredensely populated in nature.
The downstream of Nag River mainly consists of cultivatable lands with high rise river banks and dense
shrubs. The loss of lock for the DGPS is expected more on these stretches of Nag River and observation
time needs to be selected cautiously by the DGPS operators according to the PDOP and Satellite
availability. The auto leveling is also expected to be difficult due to the terrain of the areaand non-
availability of a clear line of sight.

Survey Resoures and Methodology

The survey commenced on 31 Jul 2016 and completed on 30 Sep 2016. The survey was undertaken on
a scale of 1:5000, with Cross-section line spacing, kept at 100m.

Topographic Survey

The actual survey was commenced on 31st Jul 2016 and completed on 30th Sep 2016. Theweather was
sunny/cold throughout the period during survey operations. The weather wasfavorable with moderate hot
climate for the conduct of survey and the weather condition remains same for the entire duration of the survey.
The survey was undertaken as per the line plan provided and the spot level points in the cross line were
spaced at 20 m interval. The plotting of the chart was done on UTM Projection at Zone 44N as directed in the
contract specifications. The spot levels along the river were obtained by using Trimble DGPS. The data was
post processed using Trimble Business Center to get the precise position and MSL height values were
compared with the Auto level spot heights on daily basis at the rover locations.
 Salient features of Dam, Barrages

There are no prominent Dam or barrages present in the survey stretch of the Nag River. The small
check dams constructed across the Nag River for irrigation purpose are presently in damaged condition.

Figure 4 - HFL Marking on Titur Railway Bridge (30.53 km chainage)

Details of existing Bridges and Crossings over Waterway

Width
e (km

Piers
hain

No of
Sl. No

engt

Structure Type of Position (m) HC VC Remarks

Name and Structure Location (Lat Long) Position (UTM) (clear w.r.t. (complete /
for road / (RCC / distan HFL under -
rail Iron / Left Bank ce / construction
Wooden Right Bank Left Bank Right Betwe MH ), in use or
) Bank en WS not, condition
piers) (m)
(m)
Left Bank:
Left Bank:
21°06'16.76"N
302717.828
Bridge_1 RCC 79°06'2.48"E 4.528 0.508 Completed
Nagpur 2334907.919
Right Bank:
Right Bank:
21°06'17.33"N
79°06'2.55"E 302720.058
2334925.426
Left Bank:
Left Bank:
21°06'16.35"N
302844.088
Bridge_2 RCC 79°06'6.86"E 6.087 0.584 Completed
Nagpur 2334893.8
Right Bank:
Right Bank:
21°06'17.10"N
79°06'7.410"E 302860.236
2334916.678
Left Bank:
Left Bank:
21°06'6.410"N
Bridge_3 RCC 79°06'15.02"E 303075.948 3.021 0.600 Completed
Nagpur 2334585.284
Right Bank:
Right Bank:
21°06'6.37"N
79°06'15.41"E 303087.189
2334583.919
Left Bank:
Left Bank:
21°05'43.99"N
Bridge_4 RCC 79°06'20.51"E 303226.187 3.637 0.592 Completed
Nagpur 2333893.862
 Right Bank:
Right Bank:
21°05'44.08"N
79°06'21.02"E 303240.94
2333896.45
Left Bank:
Left Bank:
21°05'7.380"N
Bridge_5 RCC 79°07'23.52"E 305031.528 5.946 0.453 Completed
Shyamnaga 2332746.37
r
Right Bank:
Right Bank:
21°05'8.33"N
79°07'23.85"E 305041.397
2332775.475
Left Bank:
Left Bank:
21°05'6.75"N
Bridge_6 RCC 79°07'28.92"E 305187.166 9.094 0.729 Completed
Hudkeshwa 2332725.158
r Road
Right Bank:
Right Bank:
21°05'9.68"N
79°07'28.39"E 305172.93
2332815.45
Left Bank:
Left Bank:
21°05'13.27"N
Bridge_7 RCC 79°08'0.93"E 306113.46 6.016 0.143 Completed
Narsala 2332914.822
Right Bank:
Right Bank:
21°05'14.54"N
79°08'1.44"E 306128.638
2332953.708
Left Bank:
Left Bank:
21°05'19.43"N
Bridge_8 RCC 79°09'26.78"E 308593.595 1.522 0.000 Damaged
Vhirgoan 2333075.404
Right Bank:
Right Bank:
21°05'19.93"N
79°09'26.85"E 308595.793
2333090.758
Left Bank:
Left Bank:
21°05'26.51"N
Bridge_9 RCC Chandrapu 79°09'43.52"E 309079.278 14.87 1.234 Completed
r to Nagpur 7
2333287.561
Highway
Right Bank:
Right Bank:
21°05'28.52"N
79°09'41.82"E 309030.925
2333349.944
Position (Lat HC Remarks
Position (UTM)
Structure Type of Long) (clear VC (complete /
Chainage (km)

Name and Structur distan w.r.t. under -

for road / e (RCC / ce HFL construction
Location
No of Piers

rail Iron / Betwe / ), in use or

Width (m)

Wooden en MH not, condition

Sl. No.

) piers) WS
(m) (m)

Left Bank
Right Bank Left Bank Right
Bank
Left Bank:
Left Bank:
21°05'49.98"N
Bridge_10 RCC 79°10'48.69"E 310968.508 30.16 0.856 Completed
4
Outer Ring 2333987.753
Road
Right Bank:
Right Bank:
21°05'54.16"N
79°10'49.28"E 310987.006
2334116.111
 Sawangi Village to Kuhi-Wadoda Bridge (0 km to16.4km)

Figure 6 - Stretch-01 Sawangi Village to Kuhi-Wadoda Bridge

• Bathymetry Survey
a) No bathymetric survey is conducted due to the unavailability of water
• Topographic Survey
b) 16.4 km of the length of the stretch for which the Topographic survey has beencarried out.
This stretch is from 0 to 16.4 km of Nag River and is the confluence of Kanhan River near a Sawangi
village to Kuhi-Wadoda Bridge. The river bed is flat and sandy in nature, the sand mining is not observed
in the entire survey stretch of the Nag River. There are no ferry transport system or any boats operating
in the stretch. The river banks in this stretch are not populated and the both sides of the river streams are
used for agricultural purpose only. The water from the Nag River in this area is widely used for irrigation
purpose of pumping system by the local owners of the nearby land.
 PART 2 GADCHIROLI WAINGANGA RIVER

Introduction

Watershed is defined as an area that drains water into a river or other body of water and considered as a major
ingredient in managing water resources. To carry out management strategies related to water resources the
relevant systems in the watershed must be considered. Modeling has become one of the most powerful tools for
watershed management in the last decades (Zhang et al., 2016; Ahmad and Pandey, 2018; Aslam et al., 2020;
Rajasekhar et al., 2020; Pathare and Pathare, 2020; Nassimand Munjed, 2008)

Study Area
The Wainganga River is one of the major tributaries of the Godavari River. The Wainganga River rises at El
m near village Partabpur (21°57’N and 79°34’E) about 20 km from the town of Satpura plateau
and flows in a wide half-circle, bending and winding among the spurs of the hills from the west to
the east of the Seoni District of Madhya Pradesh. (Figure 19.1). The total river basin area is
49949.48 km2 . while the latitude extension is 19°30’N to 22°30 N’ and the longitude extension is
79°00’E to 80°30 E’. The total length of the Wainganga River is 638.91 km, of which 270.2 km
lies in Madhya Pradesh. It then travels 32 km along the border between Madhya Pradesh and
Maharashtra, while the remaining 336.17 km lies in Maharashtra (Kudnar, 2015 a, b, 2017;
Paranjpye, 2013).

Methodology

The topographical data is obtained from a one-inch topographic map of Survey of India (1:63,360 or 1:250,000)
with the help of toposheets no. 55J, 55K, 55N, 55O, 55P,56M, 64B, 64C, 64D, and 65A. Using these sheets, we
304 Sustainable Development Practices Using Geoinformatics.have carried out various classification and analysis
which includes sort- ing of data, digitization of various layers, preparation of maps, statistical analysis, and other
GIS/RS techniques. Using WGS 84 datum, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) help of SOI topographic maps
were georef- erenced zone 44N projection in ArcGIS desktop 9.3.
In this study, the Wainganga River Basin (WRB) was delineated and the drainage networkwas extracted using
Cartosat-DEM (1 arcsec) in conjunction with SOI toposheets, GPS location, river hydrology including inflows,
R-R Model,Regression Equation, sediment load material are calculated. After comple-tion of DEM, the flow
direction was calculated for each pixel, to generate adrainage network, the flow accumulation was taken into
account, based onthe flow direction of each cell.

The Wainganga basin’s total cal-culated plateau region is 33.92%, and it is expanded in 16,944.26 km2 area.
Physiographically, the plateau region has been divided broadly into two main geomorphic units. The Wainganga
River’s basin total calcu- lated plain region covers 55.51% area, i.e., 27729.22 km2. The south low-lands and
slightly undulating plain are comparatively well cultivated and drained by the Wainganga River and its
tributaries. A number of sub- rivers and Tributary in the piedmont plateau region have developed nar- row
cultivated land (Radecki-Pawlik et al., 2017; Bridge, 2003; Kudnar, 2018, 2019).
 Figure .1 Wainganga study area.

Results and Discussions

Physiographical Regions Area

The Wainganga basin’s total calculated Mountain Region is in 10.56% and it is expanded in 5,276.01 area
km2. In mountain areas including the south part of Mandala district, Chhindwara and Seoni District occupies
the southeastern portion of the Satpura Range and the upper valley ofthe Wainganga River. The Tamia
hills are the highest 1,148 m (3,765 ft) height above the Mean Sea Level point in the study area. Another sec-
ond-highest point the Khamla is 1,137 man msl in the entire countryand forms the part of Gwagarh hills.
The Vindhyan Range up to Katangi,Kaimur Range, northern and western portions include the plateaus of
Lakhnadon, the eastern section consists of the watershed and elevated basin of the Wainganga, and in the
southwest is a narrow strip of rocky land known as Dongartal (Figure.2). The Wainganga basin’s total cal-
culated plateau region is 33.92%, and it is expanded in 16,944.26 km2 area. Physiographically, the plateau
region has been divided broadly into two main geomorphic units. The Wainganga River’s basin total calcu-
lated plain region covers 55.51% area, i.e., 27729.22 km2.
The south low- lands and slightly undulating plain are comparatively well cultivated and drained by the
Wainganga River and its tributaries. A number of sub- rivers and Tributary in the piedmont plateau region
have developed nar- row cultivated land (Radecki-Pawlik et al., 2017; Bridge, 2003; Kudnar, 2018, 2019).

It is a maximum elevation of a unit area. Commonly, the absolute relief isused in the delineation of terrain
morphology, which throws light on the structural and erosional characteristics of the region. The Tamia hills
are the highest 1,148 m (3,765 ft) height above the Mean Sea Level point.

Figure .2 Physiographical regions.

In the phase of the morphometric analysis, the area has been divided into five altitudinal zones. In a
topographical analysis of the WRB,the area height break-up indicates that the 2.77% of the area is above 880
m, 28.51% of the area is the range 480 to 281 m while 46.61% of the area isbelow 280 m (Figure.3). The absolute
relief analysis comprises of pro-files and area height relations, for which all types of profiles, hypsographic
curves, altimetric frequency, and spot-height frequency histograms have been separately drawn.

Digital Elevation Model

Relief is a base of landscape and is one of the main factors in its development. Topography influences the
migration and components of geosystems. Methods of digital terrain modeling are scale independent. They
can be used at a broad range of spatial scales (detailed, field, catchment, regional, continental, and global
scales). By digital terrain models (DTMs) we mean digital representations of topo- graphic (morphometric)
variables describing the topographic surface.
 Figure .3 Digital Elevation Models (DEM).

The WRB Catchment Area

The Wainganga has the main 26 tributaries, of which 14 are on its left bank and 12 are on the right bank.
Among these rivers, left Bank Rivers are Sagar, Nahar, Deo, Son join the Wainganga in Madhya Pradesh
as it flows through Seoni and Balaghat district. While, Bagh, Chulband, Gadhavi, Satti, Tipagsrhi,
Khobragarhi, Pal, Kathani, Phuar, and Pohar join the Wainganga in Maharashtra as it flows through Gondia,
Bhandara, and Gadchiroli district. Furthermore, Bagh (at Birsola, 283m above MSL), Chandan, and
Bawanthadi (at Bapera, 275 m above MSL) join the Wainganga on the borders of Madhya Pradesh and
Maharashtra.

Figure .4 Wainganga River geological map

 Figure .5 Wainganga River sub-basin.
Right bank rivers which are 12 in number are named Hira, Pench, Kanhan, Chandan, Bawanthadi, Sur,
Ambi, Mari, Haman, Pathari, Mal, and Andhari. These rivers join the Wainganga in Madhya Pradesh as it
flows (Figure 19.6) through Betul, Chhidwarah, Seonidistrict, and Maharashtra, as it flows through Nagpur,
Bhandara, and Chandrapur districts (Gosainand Rao, 2004; Charlton, 2007; Robert, 2014).

Rainfall-Runoff Modeling
The inflow can also refer to the average volume of incoming water in unittime. It is contrasted with the outflow.
Inflow is mostly used when refer- ring to rivers and the amount of water in units that enter the country. The
monsoon run-off in the Wainganga Rivers.
Land use/Land Total Geographical
Sr. No. Cover Category Area (km ) 2 Area (%)
1 Dense Forest 8,018.55 16.05
2 Space Vegetation 9,994.97 20.01
3 Open Scrub 12,995.75 26.01
4 Agriculture 8,876.70 17.77
5 Settlement 897.19 1.80
6 Water Bodies 809.10 1.62
7 Barren Land 4,318.96 8.65
8 Fallow Land 2,676.20 5.36
9 Gravel Land 171.09 0.34
10 Rocky Land/Open 1,190.96 2.38
Space
Grand Total 49,949.48 100
 Average observed (monsoon) runoff at CWC sites in the WaingangaRivers sub-basin (1996–2001).

Name of Name of the Catchment Runoff (Cu. Km.)

Sr. No. the Site River Area (km2) June–Nov
1 Satrapur Kanhan 11,100 2.23
2 Ramkona Kanhan 2,500 0.83
3 Rajagaon Bagh 5,380 2.27
4 Kumhari Wainganga 8,070 3.12
5 Keolari Wainganga 2,960 0.97 0.97
6 Rajoli Mul 1,900 0.65
7 Wairagarh Khobragarthi 2,600 0.72
8 Salebardi Chulband 1,800 0.54
9 Pauni Wainganga 35,520 9.53

Most of the rainfall occurs between Junes to October. The remaining months are usually dry. The annual mean
rainfall ranges from a maxi- mum of 1,830.50 mm at Shivni to a minimum of 1,000.07 mm at Sitekasa.
However, it mostly varies from 1,000 to 1,400 mm. The 95%, 90%, 75%,
60%, 50%, and mean rainfall at these stations are near about 850, 950,
1,100, 1,250, 1,300, and 1,331 mm, respectively. The areas receiving 75%dependable precipitation below 600
mm is classified as Drought prone forirrigation purposes as per Central Water Commission (CWC) .

Conclusion:
The Wainganga River is one of the most important tributaries of the Godavari River. From the topographical
study of the WRB, it can be con-cluded that the total calculated mountain area is 10.56%, the plateau regionis
33.92%, and the plain region covers 55.51%. The watershed area analysisreveals that watershed area is about
49,949.48 km2 and has 26 tributaries,while the hydrological investigation shows that the climate of the basin
ischaracterized by hot summer from March to May followed by a rainy seasonfrom June to September. The annual
mean rainfall range varies from 1,000 to1,400 mm. These topographical, watershed, and hydrological parameters
areof great importance for the water management of the WRB.

Reference
A. H. Ehsani, F. Qulel A. Maleklan, Effect of SRTM resolution on morpho- metric feature identification using
neural network-self organizing map.Geoinformatica 14:pp. 405–424,2010.
A. K. Texak, A. R. Murumkar, D. S. Arya, Long term spatial and temporal rainfalltrends and homogeneity
analysis in Wainganga basin, Central India, Water and Climate Extremes, volume 4. pp. 50–61, 2014.
A. K. Gosain, S. Rao, GIS-Based Technologies for Watershed Management.” Current Science, vol. 87, no. 7,
pp. 948–953, 2014.
A. Robert, River Processes: An introduction to fluvial dynamics, Routledge,pp. 58–240, 2014.
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