Geographic Information

Systems (GIS)
In the context of Land-use Planning

Presented by Shervin Peji, Mark Escorido, UP Diliman

Kristine Culaba, and Juan Miguel Reboton SURP
May 14, 2024
 Presentation Outline
What is GIS: Definition of Terms
Brief History of GIS
Overview on GIS Technology
Advantages, Disadvantages, and Limitations of GIS
GIS Interface with other technologies
Case Example
Summary and Conclusion

PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS

Source: https://gis-university.com/how-to-overlay-maps/
 Geographic Information Systems
Coordinates, Projections, Databases, Analysis, Computers, Software,
Cartography Management Peripherals

What is GIS?
Definition of Terms
PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

A COMBINED SYSTEM OF
HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, PERSONNEL, AND PROCEDURES
USED FOR THE
CAPTURE, STORAGE, ANALYSIS, MANIPULATION, AND
DISPLAY
OF GEOGRAPHICALLY-REFERENCED DATA FOR DECISION-
MAKING

Source: Bantayan, N. C. (2006). GIS in the Philippines.

BASEMAP
A georeferenced is a background image that serves as
a point of reference on a map providing an aesthetic
appeal. This cannot be edited.
BENCHMARK
A benchmark is a precisely surveyed site that is
typically marked with a metal disk in the ground.
Survey markers, geodetic marks, and control
stations are other names for benchmarks.
DATA SET
A dataset is a collection of GIS data tables that are
typically connected by a common system. The Storm
dataset, which includes manholes, lines, catch basins,
detention basins, culverts, ditches, swales, and flow Source: Geographic Information System (GIS)
direction associated with stormwater runoff, serves as Terms & Definitions Glossary -. (n.d.). Retrieved
May 16, 2024
an example. The term “dataset” is also occasionally used
to refer to an entire data collection. PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS
DOCUMENTATION (GIS)
Documentation in the context of GIS refers to a feature
class, dataset, database, and/or associated processes.
This might be demonstrated, for instance, by listing and
defining feature attributes. Although metadata offers
more in-depth information about geodata, it is
frequently referred to as documentation.

REMOTE SENSING
Remote sensing is the art and science of making
measurements of the earth using sensors on
airplanes or satellites.

SCALE
The ratio or fraction between the distance on a Source: Geographic Information System (GIS)
map, chart, or photograph and the corresponding Terms & Definitions Glossary -. (n.d.). Retrieved

distance in the real world. May 16, 2024

PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS

METADATA
Information on the origin, accuracy, date, abstract,
coordinate system, and other attributes of the data.

THEMATIC LAYER
A distinct spatial entity in a data layer that is usually
delineated as points, lines, and polygons.
TOPOGRAPHY
The study of the land surface is known as
topography. It creates the groundwork for a
landscape in particular. For instance, topography
describes the surface’s mountains, valleys, rivers, or
craters.
GEOREFERENCE
An action that involves aligning an image (such as
an aerial shot) to a recognized coordinate system
Source: Geographic Information System (GIS) so that it can be viewed and examined with other
Terms & Definitions Glossary -. (n.d.). Retrieved geographical data. PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS
May 16, 2024
 ATTRIBUTE DATA
it refer to the properties of a specific, precisely
defined location. The data are often statistical but
may be in text, images or multi-media. These are
linked in the GIS to spatial data that define the
location. They are often referred to as non-spatial
data since they do not in themselves represent
location information.

SPATIAL DATA
Spatial data pertains to the location and spatial
dimensions of geographical entities, and data that
can be linked to locations in geographic space,
usually via features on a map.

Source: Geographic Information System (GIS)

Terms & Definitions Glossary -. (n.d.). Retrieved PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS
May 16, 2024
 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS

BRIEF HISTORY

1960s
UNTIL 1960S, ALL MAPS WERE DRAWN
1970s
FIRST GIS SOFTWARE CAME ONLY IN THE
1968
TERM "GEOGRAPHIC
1832
THE FIRST APPLICATION OF SPATIAL
COLLECTING DATA ABOUT EARTH INFORMATION SYSTEM" WAS FIRST ANALYSIS WAS IN THE FIELD OF
EITHER ON PAPER OR FILMEEN AN 1970S THROUGH ESRI
AND ITS FEATURES HAS BEEN AN USED BY ROBERT TOMLINSON EPIDEMIOLOGY IN 1832
IMPORTANT ACTIVITY OF EXPLORERS (ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
IMPORTANT ACTIVITY OF EXPLORERS RESEARCH INSTITUTE) (FATHER OF GIS) IN 1968

Source: Bantayan, N. C. (2006). GIS in the Philippines.

Medina, A. (2020, October 22). Introduction to Geographic
Information System | Asst. Prof. Jan Joseph V. Dida. UPOU Networks
 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS

BRIEF HISTORY

1987
GIS DEVELOPED WITH THE
2000s
GIS HAS EVOLVED AS A NEW
ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL TECHNOLOGY (GEOSPATIAL
MAPPING AND RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY) THAT INTEGRATES
INFORMATION REMOTE SENSING, AND GLOBAL
AUTHORITY (NAMRIA) IN 1987 NAVIGATION SYSTEMS
Source: Bantayan, N. C. (2006). GIS in the Philippines.
Medina, A. (2020, October 22). Introduction to Geographic
Information System | Asst. Prof. Jan Joseph V. Dida. UPOU Networks
 GIS Data
Any type of digital image represented by
reducible and enlargeable grids are raster
datasets. Raster data type consists of rows and
Raster columns of cells, with each cell storing a single
value. Raster data can be images with each pixel
SOFTWARE (or cell) containing a color value.

Geographical features are often expressed as

Components vectors, by considering those features as

HARDWARE of GIS DATA Vector

geometrical shapes. Different geographical
features are expressed by different types of
geometry and each of these geometries are
linked to a row in a database that describes
their attributes

PEOPLE METHODS

Source: https://gisgeography.com/spatial-data-types-vector-raster/, Canva Images, Google Images

https://www.shutterstock.com/blog/design-file-types-basic-guide

Geographic Information System PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS

Components and Data
Source: https://gis-university.com/how-to-overlay-maps/, Canva Images, and Google Images

Geographic Information System

Data Outputs
PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS
 Decision-Making and
Data Acquisition Data Analysis Planning
Refers to the process of acquiring geospatial Analyzing geospatial data and uncover patterns, GIS serves as a valuable decision support system.
data from various sources, such as surveys, relationships, and insights. This includes By utilizing spatial analysis, scenario modeling, and
remote sensing, GPS devices, or existing performing spatial analysis operations like impact assessment, you can evaluate different
datasets. buffering, overlaying, proximity analysis, spatial options, assess potential outcomes, and make
querying, and statistical analysis to extract informed decisions based on spatial insights.
meaningful information from the data.

Data Integration Data Visualization

Combining and merging of datasets into a single Representing geospatial data in maps, charts, and
coherent dataset within a GIS. This involves interactive visualizations. GIS tools provide
aligning coordinate systems, resolving options to symbolize and style features, apply
inconsistencies, and ensuring compatibility color schemes, create thematic maps, and
between different data sources. generate visually appealing representations that
enhance understanding and communication of
Source: https://www.geo.university/pages/blog?p=gis-and-its-5-common-processes the data and drive meaningful insights.

Geographic Information System

Processes & Functions
PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS
GIS Processes in CLUP development:
CLUP Step Processes involved Data needed/Data sources

Collection of basemaps, data for attribute

Data Acquisition
table, other data needed
Step 1: Organize
Geographic, Administrative profile,
Standardization, same formats, similar
Data Integration Natural and Physical Characteristics,
coordinate systems, data cleansing
Vegetation, Soil, Hydrologic,
Conservation and Other special
Data Analysis Produced existing land use map, thematic Interest Areas, Coastal,
Step 4: Analyze the maps, analytical maps, and land supply Environmental Condition, Climate,
Situation map for allocation, Sieve mapping, and Disaster Data and other LGU-
Data Visualization Suitability Analysis, etc. CLUP data from different sectors --
International Organizations, National
Government Agencies, Local
Review, presentation, and consultation
Step 5: Setting the Government Units,
Decision Making with the technical working group,
Goals and Objectives
and Planning stakeholders, management, approving
onwards
bodies, etc. Source: HLURB (2013)
Advantages and Limitations
Apps and related
Maps Data Analysis Apps and related
Maps Data Analysis Technologies
Technologies

Maps for story telling Integration of different

Spatial analytical and Sharing and access
Dynamic and interactive data types
Advantages Highly customizable and Easily sharable for
modelling tools Compatibility and
Decision-support system usability
manageable collaboration

Dependent on quality Modelling complexities

Data dependent May be expensive
data (Up to date, scale, May require variety of
Limitations Creativity
resolution, etc.) hardware
Technical capacity

Source: ESRI (1989), Harder & Browns (2017)

GIS Interface
with other
Technologies

Source: Jacek Malczewski, Claus Rinner, & Springerlink (Online

Service. (2015). Multicriteria Decision Analysis in Geographic
Information Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
 Case Example
GIS Application
IM4Davao Project
To address existing and projected future urban
issues in Davao City and update the 2017-2022
CLUP of the City
through the implementation of a strategic
infrastructure development plan for target
years 2022 (short-term) and 2045 (long-term)

by the City Government of Davao in

collaboration with JICA and NEDA
Source: JICA, et.al. (2018a)
PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS

Source: Davao City Government (2020)

 Basic Information

1 Baseline Studies
Socio-Economic
Infrastructure
Develop an urban infrastructure Environment
development plan for Davao City, GIS Land Use Management
with priority project list

Needs Assessment, Risk &

Land Suitability Analysis
2
Capacity Building of NEDA and
City Government of Davao to Urban Land Use Plan,
support the planning and GIS Training Infrastructure Development
implementation of infrastructure Plan
development

CLUP & CDP

Objectives & GIS Application

Adapted from HLURB (2007), JICA et. al.
(2018a), JICA et. al. (2018b)
PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS
Land Use Plan 2045
with Proposed Projects

Source: JICA, et.al. (2018b) & JICA, et.al. (n.d.)

PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS
 Development Strategies

Source: JICA et. al. (2018b.), JICA et. al. (n.d.), & Davao City Government PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS
Sample GIS Database Summary Source: JICA, et.al. (2018a)
PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS
 Land Use Map (2017) Administrative Districts Map

Land Condition & Boundary Maps Source: JICA, et.al. (2018a)

PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS
 Slope Map River System (NAMRIA)

Natural Condition Maps Source: JICA, et.al. (2018a)

PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS
 Population Density Map 2000 Population Density Map 2015

Socio-economic Maps Source: JICA, et.al. (2018a)

PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS
 Metro Davao Road Network Map National Road Network Map

Road Network Maps Source: JICA, et.al. (2018a)

PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS
 Water Supply Status Garbage Collection Service

Infrastructure Maps Source: JICA, et.al. (2018a)

PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS
 Conservation Zone Map Ancestral Domain Map

Land Condition Maps Source: JICA, et.al. (2018a)

PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS
 Strategic Agricultural and Fishery Philippine Economic Zone Authiority
Development Zones (SAFDZ) (PEZA)
Land Condition Maps Source: JICA, et.al. (2018a)
PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS
 Flooding Susceptibility Map (MGB) Storm Surge Prone Areas Map

Hazard Maps Source: JICA, et.al. (2018a)

PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS
 Active Faults Map Landslide Map (MGB 2016)

Hazard Maps Source: JICA, et.al. (2018a)

PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS
 Existing Conditions and Issues in Davao City
Socio-economic Land Use Management Environment Infrastructure
Population General Preservation of Natural Env. Transportation
2.8%/year population TLA= 244,00 ha Occupation of protected lack of main road network;
growth; 1.6 million in 2015 monocentric pattern areas by informal settlers traffic congestion
Growing population Construction of illegal Inefficient public transport
density at urban centers Urbanization tourism related facilities system & lack of central
Presence of ethnic tribes 7.2.% urban use, the rest traffic control center
Prevalence of informal are agricultural and forest Pollution 1 International Airport
settlers at urban centers lands Air quality- passed but 2 Ports
Commercial & business- expected to deteriorate in
Main industries along major roads the future Services
Agro-business Industrial- coastal areas Water quality- failed Water supply- deep well;
Information and Residential- sub-urban some not compliant to
communication areas Natural Disasters standards
technologies (ICT)- Parks & Rec.- limited land Earthquakes Sewerage- lacks
Business Processing Abundant ancestral Landslides wastewater treatment
Outsourcing (BPO) domain lands Floods system, septage service,
Tourism and storm water drainage
system
Solid waste management-
lacks final disposal site

Source: JICA et. al. (2018b) PLAN 203 | MODULE 4: GIS

Summary
Geographic Information System or GIS is a “combined system of hardware, software,
personnel, and procedures used for the capture, storage, analysis, manipulation, and display
of geographically referenced data for decision-making.” Bantayan, N. C. (2006)

GIS has greatly progressed through time as a decision-making support tool for different fields
including land use planning. Its capacity can also be incorporated with remote sensing, global
navigation systems and other geospatial technology. Other technologies such as database
management systems, CAD, GPS, RS & photogrammetry, statistical software, etc. can
maximize the potential of GIS as a data-driven decision-making tool for land use planning.

GIS has five main components- software, data, methods, people, and hardware. GIS data can
be in either a raster or vector format.

GIS has five processes & functions- data acquisition, data integration, data analysis, data
visualization, and decision-making and planning. All of these can be integrated in the CLUP
development process.
Conclusion
While the capacity, hardware, and software to use GIS is available, LGUs usually lack the
resources to procure the necessary materials to maximize it usually leading to the hiring of
consultants which can also cause the long term of issue of hiring again during the updating of
the CLUP.

GIS allows for a more efficient database management and access, making the analysis and
decision-making process more collaborative and cohesive.

Aside from the goal to modernize the infrastructure system in Davao City, data and maps
generated can be used to address different issues from other sectors. GIS was also able to
visualize the overall constraints, opportunities, and spatial strategies identified in the study.

Overall, GIS is a powerful tool that empowers land use planners to make data-driven
decisions that consider environmental, social, and economic factors towards the sustainable
development of cities and municipalities.
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