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Integers Extra 2021

Mathematics Special B Integers Extra Notes

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9 views

Integers Extra 2021

Mathematics Special B Integers Extra Notes

Uploaded by

booitym06
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2021 extra notes

Integers: read this first

I would suggest that you do this section of work in three parts:

• The basics properties of integers and Euclid's method on how to find gcd(a;b) and to use
such to write the gcd(a;b) as a linear combination of a and b: this is needed for the last
part of coding theory.
[pg: 35 - 38]
• Properties when we have a prime factor.
The refinement using lcm(a;b) when finding IA U Bl= IAI + IBI - I An Bl
[Pg: 38 - 40]
• Coding theory :
The division theorem [Th 32] is crucial.

Note how to find the unique p and r so that: a= b(p) + r with O � r < b

Find p first for then just make r the subject of the formula.
To find p : divide "b" into "a" [using calculator if need be] and if goes exactly [ie integer
value] then such is p, if not exactly : then for p take the first integer to the LEFT of the
answer.

Eg 1: 4= 3(1) + 1 4/3= 1,333 so take p = 1


Eg 2: -4= 3(-2) + 2 -4/3= -1,333 so take p= -2

(it is essential that O � r < b)

Note that with coding theory we will expect you to be able to find what sent if you know
what received and vice versa.
NB: We shall not be so concerned with finding the general inverse function although this
is worthwhile reading.

Make a list of letters to numbers with A= 0 ; B= 1 ; .... Z = 25.


It will help with examples.
[pg 40 - 43]

FIRST read through the work, then return and see how the next worked out example is
done in a way that might be easier as a particular example.

Coding example:

Let R = f(S) = (155 + 6)mod (26)

If W sent, what received.

Solution: W= 22 so R = (15(22) + 6)mod(26)


But: (15(22) + 6)mod(26)= 336mod(26)= 24 as 336= 12(26) + 24
Thus: Y received.

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