2025학년도 수능특강 <영어> 11강 – 어법
2024학년도 수능 29번
❶ A number of studies provide substantial evidence of an innate human disposition to respond
differentially to social stimuli.
❷ From birth, infants will orient preferentially towards the human face and voice, seeming to know
that such stimuli are particularly meaningful for them.
❸ Moreover, they register this connection actively, imitating a variety of facial gestures that are presented
to them ― tongue protrusions, lip tightenings, mouth openings.
❹ They will even try to match gestures with which they have some difficulty, experimenting with their
own faces until they succeed.
❺ When they do succeed, they show pleasure by a brightening of their eyes; when they fail, they
show distress.
❻ In other words, they not only have an innate capacity for matching their own kinaesthetically
experienced bodily movements with those of others that are visually perceived; they have an innate
drive to do so.
❼ That is, they seem to have an innate drive to imitate others whom they judge to be ‘like me’.
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2025학년도 수능특강 <영어> 11강 – 어법
01.
❶ A good way to make human-machine interaction more natural would be to develop a better
metaphor.
❷ A computer metaphor is a familiar object or activity that your computer imitates with its commands,
display arrangements, and behavior.
❸ The two main metaphors we have today are the desktop and the browser.
❹ In the desktop metaphor, the display screen mimics a typical desk; information is kept inside
folders, which can be opened, closed, and slipped into other folders.
❺ With Web browsing, the metaphor is downtown window shopping; you gaze at various “storefronts,”
see one you like, and (click) you enter.
❻ Inside, there are more options to browse, you choose another, and again you enter.
❼ Like a linguistic metaphor, the power of a good computer metaphor is that it makes a new system
you don’t know behave like an old “system” with which you are familiar.
❽ This lets you use the new system and get useful results out of it easily, since you don’t have to
struggle learning new concepts and commands.
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2025학년도 수능특강 <영어> 11강 – 어법
02.
❶ Human activity on the landscape can significantly contribute to soil erosion.
❷ In a natural state, vegetation serves as natural protection against erosion because the network of
roots helps hold the soil in place against various erosive forces, such as wind and water.
❸ Scientists estimate that, in the United States, 30% of erosion is due to natural forces and 70% is
due to human impact.
❹ Oftentimes, when people use the land for farming, the protective covering of natural vegetation is
destroyed, and the erosion process speeds up.
❺ In fact, studies have shown that artificially created erosion played a big part in the downfall of
many early civilizations.
❻ Poor land management practices degraded the soil until it was no longer productive enough to support
the population living in the area.
❼ Early civilizations that recognized the disastrous effects of erosion used devices such as terracing the
land to keep from plowing, planting, and irrigating on hillside slopes where water could wash the
fertile soil away.
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2025학년도 수능특강 <영어> 11강 – 어법
03.
❶ It used to be thought that Neanderthals were dim-witted, slouching cavemen completely covered
with hair.
❷ But this reputation is based on just one fossil, which modern scholarship has proved happens to be
that of an old, diseased, and injured man.
❸ He was approximately forty or forty-five years old when he died — very old for people at that time.
❹ Healthy Neanderthals probably walked erect.
❺ Objects found at Neanderthal sites show that Neanderthals could make complex tools.
❻ The characteristics of their skulls suggest that they probably could speak, although perhaps not with
the full range of sounds that modern humans make.
❼ Sites also show that they did not necessarily live in caves, but, if they did, they likely altered the
caves to make them more livable.
❽ Sometimes they built shelters rather than settled in caves.
❾ In 1996, scientists digging at a Neanderthal site in Slovenia announced they had found what
appeared to be a musical instrument, a flute made from a bear bone.
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2025학년도 수능특강 <영어> 11강 – 어법
04.
❶ Discrimination occurs on two levels: institutional and individual.
❷ On the institutional level, discriminatory practices are embedded in the social structures of a society,
whereas on the individual level, discrimination takes place during direct interactions among individuals
or groups.
❸ Unlike individual discrimination, which tends to be overt, intentional, and direct, institutional
discrimination is often covert and unintentional, and this invisibility makes it much harder to detect.
❹ Standardized testing in schools, for example, may exclude certain historically marginalized groups
from succeeding in academic settings.
❺ Although the government may not have intentionally established testing standards that are culturally
or class biased, in practice these standards tend to have a disproportionate negative effect on ethnic
minority students.
❻ Furthermore, institutional discrimination often has a generational or cyclical impact on certain ethnic
minority groups and therefore its consequences are as severe, if not more so, than for those
suffering individual discrimination.
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