SMART LIGHTING HOME

AUTOMATION IOT PROJECT

AN IOT DATA ANALYSIS PROJECT REPORT

[RIMT UNIVERSITY, MANDI GOBINDGARH]
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY

Daljit Kaur 22-B-CSE-017

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
RIMT UNIVERSITY, MANDIGOBINDGARH PUNJAB
JUNE-JULY, 2024

i
 SMART LIGHTING HOME
AUTOMATION IOT PROJECT

AN IOT DATA ANALYSIS PROJECT REPORT

[RIMT UNIVERSITY, MANDIGOBINDGARH]
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY

Daljit Kaur 22-B-CSE-017

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
RIMT UNIVERSITY, MANDIGOBINDGARH PUNJAB
JUNE-JULY, 2024

ii
 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION

I hereby certify that the project entitled “Smart Lighting Home Automation IoT Project”
submitted by Daljit Kaur (22-BCSE-017) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award
of degree of the B. Tech. (Computer Science & Engineering) submitted in Department of
Computer Science & Engineering, at RIMT University, Mandi- Gobindgarh is an authentic
record of my own work carried out during a period from 1st June, 2024 to 14th July, 2024. The
matter presented in this project has not formed the basis for the award of any other degree,
diploma, fellowship or any other similar titles.

Signature of the Student:

Place:

Date:

The Institutional/Software training/Industrial training/ Major project Viva–Voce Examination

of__________________ has been held on ____________ and accepted.

Signature of Internal Examiner Signature of External Examiner

iii
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project titled “ Smart Lighting Home Automation
IoT Project” is the bona fide work carried out by Daljit Kaur (22-B-CSE-
017) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of the B.
Tech. (Computer Science & Engineering) submitted in Department of
Computer Science & Engineering, at RIMT University, Mandi- Gobindgarh is
an authentic record of my own work carried out during a period from 1st June,
2024 to 14th July, 2024 under the guidance of Prof. (Guide name, Designation,
Department of Computer Science & Engineering). The Major Project Viva-
Voce Examination has been held on (DD/MM/YYYY)

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

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 Table of Contents
CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION.....................................................................................................................iii
CERTIFICATE.............................................................................................................................................iv
LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................................................viii
LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................................................ix
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................1
1.1 Problem Definition..........................................................................................................................1
1.2 Project Overview/Specifications.....................................................................................................3
1.2.1 Hardware / Software Specifications........................................................................................4
1.2.2 System Architecture...............................................................................................................8
Chapter 2: LITERATURE SURVEY.............................................................................................................10
2.1 Existing System..............................................................................................................................10
2.2 Proposed System...........................................................................................................................14
2.3 Feasibility Study.........................................................................................................................17
2.3.1 Technical Feasibility................................................................................................................17
2.3.2 Economic Feasibility...............................................................................................................18
2.3.3 Operational Feasibility..........................................................................................................19
2.3.4 Legal Feasibility......................................................................................................................20
2.3.5 Risk Assessment and Mitigation.............................................................................................20
2.3.6 Market and Competitor Analysis............................................................................................21
2.3.7 Environmental Impact............................................................................................................22
2.3.8 Feasibility of IoT Integration and Smart Home Compatibility.................................................22
2.3.9 User and Market Research.....................................................................................................23
2.3.10 Sustainability and Long-Term Viability..................................................................................23
2.3.11 Project Management and Development Plan.......................................................................24

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TITLE Page no
Abstract i
Acknowledgement ii
About Institute iii
Candidate’s Declaration iv
Certificate v
List of Tables vi
List of Figures vii
Abbreviations/ Nomenclature viii
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1-7
1.1 Problem Definition 1
1.2 Project Overview/Specifications 3
1.2.1 Hardware/ Software Specification 5
Chapter 2: LITERATURE SURVEY 8-20
2.1 Existing System 9
2.2 Proposed System 11
2.3 Feasibility Study 12
2.3.1 Next heading under sub-heading 18
Chapter 3: SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN 21-26
3.1 Requirement Specification 21
3.2 Flowcharts / DFDs / ERDs 23
3.3 Algorithms 24
3.2 Design and Test Steps / Criteria 25
3.2.1 Next heading under sub-heading(if any) 26
Chapter 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 27-36
4.1 Snapshots 27
4.2 Results 34
2.2.1 Next heading under sub-heading(if any) 35
Chapter 5: CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE 37
REFERENCES

APPENDICES

vi
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page no.

NOTE- Follow NO BORDER, When Complete your List of Tables

vii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig 1.1: NodeMCU.....................................................................................................................13

Fig 1.2: Relay Module (1-Channel)..........................................................................................14

Fig 1.3: Breadboard and Jumper Wires .................................................................................15

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 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Problem Definition
In today's rapidly advancing technological landscape, the integration of smart systems into
everyday life is becoming increasingly essential. One area where this integration is
particularly beneficial is home automation, specifically in the management of home lighting
systems. Traditional lighting systems, while functional, present several challenges that can
be effectively addressed through the implementation of a smart lighting home automation
system.
1. Energy Wastage
A significant problem with conventional lighting systems is energy wastage. Lights are
often left on unintentionally, either because the occupants forget to turn them off or
because they leave them on for convenience. This results in unnecessary electricity
consumption, which not only increases utility bills but also contributes to environmental
degradation. According to studies, residential lighting accounts for a considerable
portion of the total electricity usage, and a significant percentage of this is wasted
energy. Implementing a smart lighting system can drastically reduce this wastage by
ensuring that lights are only on when needed.
2. Inconvenience of Manual Operation
Manual operation of lights can be cumbersome and inconvenient, especially in larger
homes or in specific scenarios. For instance, individuals with mobility issues may find it
challenging to reach light switches. Similarly, in a multi-story house, having to go up
and down stairs to turn lights on or off can be a hassle. Additionally, during nighttime,
finding and operating switches can be inconvenient. A smart lighting system,
controllable through a mobile application, can alleviate these inconveniences by
allowing users to manage their lights remotely from their smartphones or tablets.
3. Safety and Security Concerns
Traditional lighting systems lack the intelligence to enhance home security effectively.
For example, leaving lights on while away on vacation to create the illusion of
occupancy can deter burglars, but this method is not efficient or convincing. A smart
lighting system can automate this process, making it more dynamic and realistic. The
system can simulate human presence by randomly turning lights on and off at different
times, thereby improving home security. Additionally, the ability to control lights
remotely can enhance safety by ensuring that users can illuminate dark areas before
entering their homes.

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4. Need for Smarter, More Efficient Home Systems
As technology evolves, there is an increasing demand for homes to be equipped with
smarter and more efficient systems. Modern consumers expect their homes to be
adaptable, convenient, and energy-efficient. A smart lighting home automation system
addresses this demand by integrating cutting-edge technology with everyday living. It
not only offers convenience but also contributes to the overall efficiency and
sustainability of the home. By leveraging IoT technology, such systems can provide a
seamless and intuitive user experience, making home management simpler and more
efficient.
5. Integration with Other Smart Devices
The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the proliferation of smart devices in
homes. These devices, such as smart thermostats, security cameras, and voice assistants,
work together to create a cohesive and intelligent home environment. However,
traditional lighting systems are often isolated from this ecosystem, limiting their
potential. A smart lighting system can integrate with other IoT devices, allowing for
enhanced automation and control. For example, lights can be programmed to turn on or
off based on motion detected by security cameras or in response to commands from
voice assistants like Amazon Alexa or Google Home.
6. Customization and Personalization
Traditional lighting systems offer limited options for customization and personalization.
They typically have a fixed on/off state and may include dimming options. However,
they do not adapt to the preferences or routines of the occupants. A smart lighting
system can be customized to suit individual needs and preferences. Users can create
lighting schedules that match their daily routines, set scenes for different activities (such
as reading, dining, or watching movies), and adjust the intensity and color of the lights
to create the desired ambiance. This level of personalization enhances the living
experience and makes the home more comfortable and enjoyable.
7. Addressing Environmental Concerns
With growing awareness of environmental issues, there is a concerted effort to reduce
energy consumption and carbon footprints. Smart lighting systems contribute to this
goal by optimizing energy usage. They use energy-efficient LED bulbs and allow for
precise control over lighting, ensuring that lights are only used when necessary.
Additionally, smart systems can provide insights into energy consumption patterns,
helping users make informed decisions to further reduce their environmental impact.

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 8. The Need for Adaptability and Future-Proofing
As technology continues to advance, it is essential for home systems to be adaptable
and
future-proof. Traditional lighting systems, with their static nature, cannot easily
incorporate new technologies or adapt to changing needs. In contrast, smart lighting
systems are designed to be flexible and upgradable. They can integrate new features
through software updates and expand their capabilities by connecting with additional
smart devices. This adaptability ensures that the lighting system remains relevant and
functional for years to come.
1.2 Project Overview/Specifications
This project is focused on designing and implementing a smart lighting home automation
system that leverages IoT technology to provide users with enhanced control, convenience,
and energy efficiency. The project aims to integrate various hardware and software
components to create a cohesive and functional system that can be controlled remotely via a
mobile application. The primary components used in this project include the NodeMCU
microcontroller for connectivity, relay modules for switching lights, and an Android
application for user control. This section provides a comprehensive overview of the
project's scope, objectives, and key features.
 Scope of the Project
The scope of this project encompasses the design, development, and testing of a smart
lighting home automation system. The project involves multiple stages, including
hardware selection, software development, system integration, and user interface
design. The ultimate goal is to create a fully functional prototype that demonstrates the
feasibility and benefits of the proposed system in a real-world home environment.
 Hardware Design and Integration:
o Selection of suitable microcontrollers and modules.
o Design of circuit diagrams and hardware connections.
o Integration of hardware components to ensure seamless operation.
 Software Development:
o Development of firmware for the NodeMCU microcontroller.
o Creation of an Android application for user control.
o Implementation of communication protocols between the mobile app and
hardware.
 System Testing and Evaluation:
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 Testing the system for functionality and reliability.Evaluating user experience and
feedback.
 Objectives of the Project
The objectives of this project are to address the identified problems with traditional lighting
systems by developing a smart lighting home automation system that offers the following:
1. Remote Control: Allow users to control their home lighting from anywhere using their
mobile devices.
2. Automation and Scheduling: Enable users to set schedules for turning lights on and
off automatically.
3. Energy Monitoring: Provide insights into energy consumption to help users reduce
wastage.
4. Integration with Other Smart Devices: Facilitate integration with other IoT devices
for enhanced automation.
5. User-Friendly Interface: Develop an intuitive and easy-to-use mobile application for
managing the lighting system.
 Key Features of the System
o Remote Control:
The system allows users to control their home lighting remotely using a mobile
application. This feature is particularly useful for users who are away from home and
want to ensure that lights are turned off to save energy or to simulate occupancy for
security purposes.
o Automation and Scheduling:
Users can set schedules for lights to turn on and off automatically based on their daily
routines. This feature enhances convenience and ensures that lights are used efficiently.
o Energy Monitoring:
The system can monitor energy usage and provide real-time feedback to users. This
helps users understand their energy consumption patterns and make informed decisions
to reduce wastage.
o Integration with Other Smart Devices:
The smart lighting system can be integrated with other IoT devices, such as smart
thermostats, security cameras, and voice assistants. This allows for more
comprehensive home automation and enhanced functionality.
1.2.1 Hardware / Software Specifications
 Hardware Specifications
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1. NodeMCU (ESP8266)
a. Description: The NodeMCU is an open-source development board and
firmware based on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. It provides a platform for
building IoT
projects with integrated Wi-Fi capabilities.
b. Features:
o Built-in Wi-Fi module (ESP8266)
o 32-bit RISC CPU
o GPIO (General Purpose Input Output) pins
o ADC (Analog to Digital Converter)
o UART, SPI, and I2C interfaces
c. Role in the Project: The NodeMCU serves as the central controller that
receives commands from the Android app and controls the relay modules to turn
the lights on or off.

Fig 1.1: NodeMCU

2. Relay Modules
a. Description: A relay module is an electrically operated switch that allows you to
control a high-voltage circuit with a low-voltage signal from a microcontroller
like the NodeMCU.
b. Features:
o Isolation between low-voltage control and high-voltage operation
o Capable of switching AC and DC loads
o Typically, come with one or more relays (e.g., 1-channel, 2-channel, 4-channel
modules)
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 c. Role in the Project: The relay modules are used to switch the connected bulb on
or off based on the commands from the NodeMCU. In this project, we use a 2-
channel relay module, with each relay connected to a different bulb.

Fig 1.2: Relay Module (1-Channel)

3. Bulb (AC Load)

a. Description: The bulb represents the load in the home automation system. It is the
device that we aim to control remotely.
b. Features:
o Standard AC bulb (could be LED, incandescent, or any type)
o Operates on household AC voltage (110V or 220V depending on the region)
c. Role in the Project: The bulb is the end device controlled by the relay module,
which in turn is controlled by the NodeMCU.
4. Power Supply
a. Description: The power supply provides the necessary voltage and current to power
the NodeMCU and the relay module.
b. Features:
o Typically, a 5V USB power adapter or a power supply module (e.g., 7805
voltage regulator)
o Sufficient current rating to handle the NodeMCU and relays (at least 1A
recommended)
c. Role in the Project: To ensure the stable operation of the NodeMCU and relay
module, providing continuous and adequate power.
5. Breadboard and Jumper Wires
a. Description: The breadboard is a solderless construction base used for prototyping
electronic circuits. Jumper wires are used to make connections between
components on the breadboard.
b. Features:
o Allows for easy and quick assembly of circuits
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 o Reusable and flexible for prototyping
c. Role in the Project: The breadboard is used for assembling the prototype circuit
of the NodeMCU, relay module, and other components. Jumper wires are used to
connect the components without soldering.

Fig 1.3: Breadboard and Jumper Wires

6. PCB (Printed Circuit Board)

a. Description: For a more permanent solution, a PCB can be designed and fabricated.
It allows for mounting and connecting components more securely.
b. Features:
o Custom-designed to fit the specific requirements of the project
o Durable and reliable connections
o Can be designed using software like Flux.ai
c. Role in the Project: The PCB replaces the breadboard for the final version of the
project, providing a more stable and professional setup.
7. Miscellaneous Components
a. Resistors and Capacitors: Used for debouncing switches, filtering, and other
circuit stabilization tasks.
b. Diodes: Used for protection and rectification purposes.
c. Connectors: For easy interfacing of the NodeMCU, relay module, and other
peripherals.
d. Enclosure: A protective casing to house the components and prevent damage.
 Software Specifications
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 1. Arduino IDE
a. Description: The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a cross-
platform application used for writing and uploading code to Arduino-compatible
boards like NodeMCU.
b. Features:
o Simple and easy-to-use interface
o Supports multiple libraries for various functionalities
o Integrated code editor with syntax highlighting
o Built-in serial monitor for debugging
c. Role in the Project: The Arduino IDE is used to write and upload the code to the
NodeMCU. The code written in the IDE controls the relay modules based on
commands received over Wi-Fi.
2. MIT App Inventor
MIT App Inventor is a web-based visual programming environment that allows users to
create Android applications through a simple drag-and-drop interface. This platform is
providing a user-friendly way to develop functional apps. In this project, MIT App
Inventor was used to create an Android app that controls the smart lighting system via
NodeMCU and relay modules.
a. Features of MIT App Inventor
o User-Friendly Interface: Drag-and-drop components for app design.
o Visual Blocks Language: Simplifies programming with visual blocks that snap
together.
o Real-Time Testing: Test apps on a connected Android device in real-time.
1.2.2 System Architecture
The system architecture of the smart lighting home automation system consists of the
following components and their interactions:
1. NodeMCU Microcontroller:
a) Acts as the central controller, managing communication between the mobile app and
the relay modules.
b) Connects to the home Wi-Fi network and receives commands from the mobile app.
2. Relay Modules:
a) Connected to the NodeMCU's GPIO pins and control the switching of the lights.
b) Receive signals from the NodeMCU to turn the lights on or off based on user
commands.
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 3. LED Bulbs:
a) Controlled by the relay modules to provide illumination in the home.
b) The on/off state is managed by the NodeMCU via the relay modules.
4. Mobile Application:
a) Developed using MIT App Inventor, the mobile app provides a user-friendly
interface for controlling the lights.
b) Sends commands to the NodeMCU over the Wi-Fi network, allowing users to
manage their home lighting remotely.
5. Communication Protocols:
The system uses Wi-Fi for communication between the mobile app and the NodeMCU.
 Conclusion
In conclusion, the smart lighting home automation project aims to create an innovative and
efficient solution for modern home lighting needs. By integrating NodeMCU, relay
modules, and an Android application, the system provides remote control, automation,
energy monitoring, and integration with other smart devices. The project addresses the
problems of energy wastage, inconvenience, and the need for smarter home systems,
offering a comprehensive solution that enhances the user experience and contributes to a
more sustainable and convenient lifestyle. Through careful design and development, this
project demonstrates the potential of IoT technology to transform everyday home
management.

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 Chapter 2: LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Existing System
The concept of home automation, particularly smart lighting systems, has evolved
significantly over the past few decades. Traditional lighting systems have served their
purpose for many years, but with the advent of advanced technologies, there is a growing
need for more intelligent and efficient solutions. This section provides a comprehensive
review of existing systems in home lighting automation, highlighting their features,
limitations, and the advancements they have made over time.
1. Traditional Lighting Systems
 Overview:
Traditional lighting systems primarily consist of manual switches and dimmers that
control the lights. These systems are simple, reliable, and have been widely used in
homes and commercial spaces for many years. The basic components include
incandescent, fluorescent, or LED bulbs, connected to switches through electrical
wiring.
 Limitations:
o Energy Inefficiency: Traditional systems often result in significant energy
wastage because lights are frequently left on when not needed. There is no
mechanism to automatically turn off the lights, leading to unnecessary energy
consumption.
o Inconvenience: Manually operating lights can be inconvenient, especially in
larger homes or for individuals with mobility issues. Users must physically
interact with the switches, which can be cumbersome.
o Lack of Automation: These systems lack any form of automation or
intelligence. Users cannot schedule lighting or control lights remotely, which
limits the system's functionality and convenience.
o No Integration: Traditional lighting systems are isolated from other home
automation devices. There is no communication between the lighting system
and other smart home devices, which restricts the potential for comprehensive
home automation.

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2. Early Automated Lighting Systems
 Overview:
Early attempts at automated lighting systems introduced basic forms of automation
and control. These systems often utilized timers and motion sensors to provide
limited
automation capabilities. For instance, lights could be set to turn on or off at specific
times or in response to motion detection.
 Features:
o Timers: Timers allowed users to schedule lights to turn on or off at
predetermined times, providing a simple form of automation.
o Motion Sensors: Motion sensors enabled lights to turn on automatically when
motion was detected and turn off after a certain period of inactivity. This feature
improved convenience and helped reduce energy consumption.
o Remote Controls: Some systems included remote controls, allowing users to
operate lights from a short distance without having to interact with physical
switches.
 Limitations:
o Limited Flexibility: These systems offered limited flexibility in terms of
customization and control. Users could only set basic schedules or respond to
motion, without the ability to create complex automation rules.
o Short-Range Control: Remote controls had a limited range, restricting the
ability to control lights from outside the immediate vicinity.
o Lack of Integration: Like traditional systems, early automated lighting systems
were not integrated with other smart home devices, limiting their overall
functionality and potential for comprehensive automation.
3. Modern Smart Lighting Systems
 Overview:
Modern smart lighting systems represent a significant advancement in home
automation technology. These systems leverage IoT (Internet of Things) technology
to provide users with comprehensive control, customization, and automation
capabilities. They often include a combination of smart bulbs, smart switches, and
hubs that connect to the home network.
 Features:

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 o Remote Control: Users can control their lighting systems remotely through
mobile applications. This allows them to turn lights on or off, adjust brightness,
and change colors from anywhere with an internet connection.
o Voice Control: Integration with voice assistants like Amazon Alexa, Google
Assistant, and Apple Siri enables users to control their lights using voice
commands, enhancing convenience.
o Automation and Scheduling: Advanced automation features allow users to
create complex schedules and automation rules based on time, occupancy, and
other triggers. Lights can be programmed to simulate occupancy when users are
away, enhancing security.
o Energy Monitoring: Many smart lighting systems include energy monitoring
capabilities, providing users with insights into their energy consumption and
helping them reduce wastage.
4. Integration with Other Smart Devices: Modern systems can integrate with a wide
range of smart home devices, such as thermostats, security cameras, and sensors. This
integration enables more comprehensive home automation and enhanced functionality.
 Examples:
o Philips Hue: Philips Hue is one of the most popular smart lighting systems
available. It includes smart bulbs, light strips, and switches that can be
controlled via the Philips Hue app or voice assistants. The system offers
extensive customization options, including color changes and scene settings.
o LIFX: LIFX provides a range of smart bulbs that do not require a hub and can
be controlled directly through a mobile app. LIFX bulbs offer vibrant colors and
high brightness, making them suitable for various lighting needs.
o TP-Link Kasa Smart: TP-Link's Kasa Smart system includes smart plugs,
switches, and bulbs. The system is known for its reliability and ease of use, with
a straightforward app for control and scheduling.
o Samsung SmartThings: SmartThings is a comprehensive smart home platform
that supports a wide range of smart devices, including lighting. It allows users to
create complex automation rules and integrates seamlessly with other smart
home products.
 Limitations:

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 o Cost: Modern smart lighting systems can be expensive, especially when
outfitting an entire home. The initial investment for smart bulbs, hubs, and other
accessories can be significant.
o Complexity: Setting up and configuring these systems can be complex,
particularly for users who are not tech-savvy. The integration of multiple
devices and the creation of automation rules require a certain level of technical
knowledge.
o Reliance on Interne: Many smart lighting systems rely on internet connectivity
o for remote control and integration with other devices. If the internet connection
is
unstable or unavailable, the system's functionality can be compromised.
o Security Concerns: As with all IoT devices, smart lighting systems are
susceptible to security vulnerabilities. Unauthorized access to the system could
potentially allow intruders to control the lighting, which could have serious
security implications.
5. Emerging Technologies in Smart Lighting
 Overview:
The field of smart lighting is continually evolving, with emerging technologies
promising to further enhance functionality, efficiency, and user experience.
Innovations in AI, machine learning, and advanced sensors are driving the
development of next-generation smart lighting systems.
 Features:
o Adaptive Lighting: AI-powered systems can learn user preferences and
automatically adjust lighting based on the time of day, activity, and ambient
light conditions. This creates a more personalized and energy-efficient lighting
experience.
o Health and Wellness Integration: Emerging systems are integrating with
health and wellness applications to provide lighting that supports circadian
rhythms and improves sleep quality.
o Enhanced Security Features: Advanced sensors and AI algorithms can detect
unusual activity and adjust lighting to deter potential intruders. Integration with
security cameras and alarms provides a more comprehensive security solution.

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 o Sustainable Solutions: New smart lighting technologies are focusing on
sustainability, with features such as solar-powered lights, low-energy
consumption modes, and the use of eco-friendly materials.
 Challenges:
o Standardization: The lack of standardization in smart home technology can
lead to compatibility issues between different devices and platforms. Efforts are
underway to create universal standards, but it remains a challenge.
o Privacy Concerns: As smart lighting systems become more advanced and
integrated with other devices, concerns about data privacy and security are
increasing. Ensuring that these systems protect user data is crucial.
o Cost and Accessibility: While emerging technologies offer exciting
possibilities, their cost can be prohibitive for many users. Making these
technologies more affordable and accessible is a key challenge for developers
and manufacturers.
2.2 Proposed System
The proposed system for the smart lighting home automation project aims to address the
limitations of existing lighting systems by leveraging advanced IoT technology to
provide enhanced control, convenience, and energy efficiency. The system integrates
NodeMCU microcontrollers, relay modules, and an Android mobile application to
create a cohesive and user-friendly solution. This section details the design,
components, functionalities, and benefits of the proposed system.
 Design and Architecture
The proposed smart lighting system consists of three main components: the
hardware (NodeMCU microcontrollers and relay modules), the software (firmware
for NodeMCU and the Android application), and the communication protocols that
link these components. The system's architecture ensures seamless interaction
between the user's mobile device and the lighting system, allowing for real-time
control and monitoring.
 Hardware Components:
o NodeMCU (ESP8266): This microcontroller serves as the central unit of the
system, responsible for connecting to the home Wi-Fi network and receiving
commands from the mobile application.

14
 o Relay Modules: These modules are used to control the electrical circuits of the
home lighting. Each relay module is connected to a specific light and can switch
it on or off based on commands from the NodeMCU.
o LED Bulbs: Energy-efficient LED bulbs are used for lighting. They are
connected to the relay modules and provide illumination based on user
commands.
 Software Components:
o Firmware for NodeMCU: The firmware is written using the Arduino IDE
and uploaded to the NodeMCU. It handles the communication between the
NodeMCU and the mobile application, processes user commands, and
controls the relay modules.
o Android Mobile Application: Developed using Android Studio, the mobile
application provides a user-friendly interface for controlling the lights. It
communicates with the NodeMCU over the home Wi-Fi network, allowing
users to turn lights on or off, set schedules, and monitor energy usage.
 Communication Protocols:
o Wi-Fi: The primary communication protocol used for data exchange between
the mobile application and the NodeMCU. Wi-Fi ensures that commands are
sent and received in real-time, providing immediate feedback and control.
o Blynk Library: This library simplifies the development of IoT applications
by providing pre-built widgets and easy integration with the mobile app. It
handles the communication between the NodeMCU and the mobile app,
enabling real-time control and monitoring.
 Functionalities and Features
The proposed system offers a range of functionalities designed to enhance user
experience and provide greater control over home lighting. These functionalities
include:
o Remote Control:
Users can control their home lighting from anywhere using the mobile
application. This feature is particularly useful for ensuring lights are turned off
when not needed, thereby saving energy. It also provides security benefits by
allowing users to simulate occupancy when they are away from home.
o Automation and Scheduling:

15
 The system allows users to set schedules for their lights to turn on or off
automatically at specific times. This feature enhances convenience by aligning
the lighting with the users' daily routines. For example, lights can be set to turn
on in the evening and off in the morning, or to turn on at sunset and off at
bedtime.
o Energy Monitoring:
The mobile application provides real-time feedback on energy consumption.
Users can monitor how much energy their lighting system is using and identify
patterns of wastage. This information helps users make informed decisions to
reduce their energy consumption and lower their electricity bills.
o Voice Control:
Integration with voice assistants such as Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, and
Apple Siri allows users to control their lights using voice commands. This feature
adds an extra layer of convenience, particularly in scenarios where using the
mobile app is not practical.
o Custom Scenes and Modes:
Users can create custom lighting scenes and modes to suit different activities and
moods. For instance, a "Reading" mode might set the lights to a bright, focused
setting, while a "Relaxation" mode could dim the lights and adjust their color
temperature to a warmer tone.
o Integration with Other Smart Devices:
The system can be integrated with other IoT devices in the home, such as smart
thermostats, security cameras, and door sensors. This integration allows for more
comprehensive home automation. For example, lights could be programmed to
turn on when a security camera detects motion, or to flash when a door sensor is
triggered.
 Benefits and Advantages
The proposed smart lighting system offers numerous benefits over traditional and
existing automated systems:
o Enhanced Control and Convenience:
The ability to control lights remotely and set schedules provides users with
unprecedented convenience. Users can ensure their home is lit according to their
preferences without needing to interact with physical switches.
o Energy Efficiency:
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 By enabling precise control over lighting and providing insights into energy
consumption, the system helps reduce energy wastage. Automated schedules and
remote control ensure lights are only used when necessary, contributing to lower
electricity bills and a smaller environmental footprint
o Improved Security:
The system enhances home security by allowing users to control lighting
remotely and simulate occupancy when away. Integration with other security
devices adds an additional layer of protection.
o Personalization:
Custom scenes and modes allow users to tailor the lighting to their specific
needs and preferences, enhancing comfort and enjoyment in their home
environment.
o Scalability and Flexibility:
The system is scalable, allowing users to add more lights and devices as needed.
It is also flexible, with the ability to integrate with a wide range of smart home
devices and platforms.
 Conclusion
The proposed smart lighting home automation system represents a significant
advancement in home automation technology. By leveraging the capabilities of
NodeMCU microcontrollers, relay modules, and a user-friendly mobile application,
the system provides enhanced control, convenience, and energy efficiency. Through
its innovative features and functionalities, the smart lighting system promises to
improve the quality of life for users, contribute to energy conservation, and enhance
home security.
2.3 Feasibility Study
The feasibility study for the proposed smart lighting home automation system is a
comprehensive examination of its viability from multiple perspectives, including
technical, economic, operational, and legal feasibility, as well as risk assessment and
mitigation strategies. This detailed analysis aims to ensure that the project is practical,
cost-effective, and capable of achieving the desired outcomes.
2.3.1 Technical Feasibility
 Hardware and Software Requirements:
The technical feasibility focuses on whether the necessary technology and
resources are available and sufficient for developing the smart lighting system.

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 Hardware Components:
o NodeMCU (ESP8266): The NodeMCU microcontroller is central to the
system, chosen for its integrated Wi-Fi capabilities, ease of programming,
and compatibility with IoT applications. The ESP8266 chip offers robust
connectivity and processing power to handle the system's demands.
o Relay Modules: Relay modules are used to control the electrical circuits of
the home lighting. These modules are reliable, capable of handling the
electrical load of standard home lighting systems, and easily interface with
the NodeMCU.
o LED Bulbs: Energy-efficient LED bulbs will be used in the system. These
bulbs consume less power and have a longer lifespan compared to traditional
incandescent bulbs, making them ideal for smart home applications.
 Software Components:
o Firmware for NodeMCU: The firmware, written using the Arduino IDE,
will manage the communication between the NodeMCU and the mobile
application, process user commands, and control the relay modules.
o Android Mobile Application: Developed using Android Studio, the mobile
application will provide a user-friendly interface for controlling the lights. It
will communicate with the NodeMCU over the home Wi-Fi network,
allowing users to control lights, set schedules, and monitor energy usage.
 System Integration:
The system's architecture ensures seamless interaction between the user's
mobile device and the lighting system, allowing for real-time control and
monitoring. The integration of hardware and software components is facilitated
by the compatibility of the chosen technologies and well-documented
development tools.
 Scalability:
The system is designed to be scalable, allowing for the addition of more lights
and devices without significant modifications. The use of Wi-Fi and modular
components supports scalability and future expansion.
 Technical Support and Maintenance:
Adequate technical support is available for the chosen components and software
tools. The NodeMCU and Arduino IDE have extensive online communities and
documentation, while Android Studio is backed by Google, ensuring that any
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 technical issues encountered during development and deployment can be
effectively addressed.
2.3.2 Economic Feasibility
 Cost Analysis:
The economic feasibility assesses whether the proposed system is financially
viable, considering both initial development costs and long-term operational
expenses.
 Initial Costs:
o Hardware Costs: The initial costs include purchasing NodeMCU
microcontrollers, relay modules, LED bulbs, and other necessary
components. NodeMCU boards are relatively inexpensive, and relay
modules and LED bulbs are also cost-effective.
o Software Development Costs: Developing the mobile application and
firmware involves costs related to development tools, licenses, and
potential hiring of developers if required. Android Studio is free to use, but
additional libraries or plugins may incur costs.
o Prototyping and Testing: Prototyping and testing will require a small
budget for additional components, test setups, and potential modifications
based on initial test results.
 Operational Costs:
o Electricity Costs: The system is designed to reduce electricity
consumption through efficient control and automation of lighting. This will
result in lower long-term electricity costs.
o Maintenance Costs: Maintenance costs include potential replacements of
hardware components and software updates. Given the reliability of the
chosen components, these costs are expected to be minimal
 Return on Investment (ROI):
The ROI is expected to be positive due to energy savings and the added
convenience and security provided by the system. Reduced electricity bills and
the potential for increased property value contribute to the financial benefits.
 Market Potential:
The market for smart home automation systems is growing rapidly. With
increasing awareness of energy efficiency and home automation, the proposed
system has significant market potential. The initial investment is justified by

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 the anticipated demand and the competitive advantage of offering an
integrated, user-friendly solution.
2.3.3 Operational Feasibility
 Usability and User Experience:
The operational feasibility assesses whether the system can be effectively used
and maintained by end-users.
o Ease of Use:
The mobile application will be designed with a user-friendly interface,
ensuring that users of all technical levels can easily operate the system.
Features like remote control, scheduling, and energy monitoring will be
accessible and intuitive.
o Reliability:
The system components (NodeMCU, relay modules, LED bulbs) are
chosen for their reliability. Regular firmware updates and maintenance will
ensure that the system remains functional and efficient over time.
o Support and Training:
Comprehensive user manuals and support resources will be provided to
assist users with installation, configuration, and troubleshooting. Training
sessions or tutorials can be offered to familiarize users with the system’s
functionalities.
o Scalability and Flexibility:
The system is designed to be scalable, allowing users to add more lights
and devices as needed. It is also flexible, with the ability to integrate with
other smart home devices and platforms, ensuring long-term adaptability.
2.3.4 Legal Feasibility
 Regulatory Compliance:
The legal feasibility examines whether the proposed system complies with
relevant laws and regulations.
o Electrical Safety Standards:
The system must comply with local electrical safety standards to ensure safe
installation and operation. Relay modules and wiring must be certified for
use in residential settings
o Data Privacy and Security:

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 As the system involves collecting and transmitting user data, it must comply
with data privacy regulations (e.g., GDPR, CCPA). Measures must be
implemented to protect user data from unauthorized access and breaches.
o Intellectual Property:
The development of the mobile application and firmware must respect
existing intellectual property rights. Any third-party libraries or tools used
must be properly licensed.
o Environmental Regulations:
The use of LED bulbs and energy-efficient components aligns with
environmental regulations promoting sustainability and reduced energy
consumption.
2.3.5 Risk Assessment and Mitigation
 Identification of Risks:
The feasibility study must identify potential risks and outline strategies to
mitigate them.
 Technical Risks:
o Compatibility Issues: Ensure that all hardware and software components
are
compatible through thorough testing and validation.
o System Reliability: Regular maintenance and updates will be scheduled to
address any technical issues promptly.
 Economic Risks:
o Cost Overruns: Detailed budgeting and cost management will be
implemented to prevent cost overruns. Contingency funds will be allocated
for unexpected expenses.
 Operational Risks:
o User Adoption: User training and support will be provided to ensure smooth
adoption and operation of the system.
o Maintenance: Regular maintenance schedules and support resources will
ensure the system remains operational and efficient.
 Legal Risks:
o Regulatory Non-Compliance: Regular audits and compliance checks will
be conducted to ensure adherence to relevant regulations.
 Data Security:
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 o Implement robust security measures, including encryption and secure
authentication, to protect user data.
2.3.6 Market and Competitor Analysis
 Market Demand:
The feasibility study examines the demand for smart lighting systems in the
market.
 Growing Demand for Home Automation:
The market for home automation systems is expanding rapidly, driven by
increasing awareness of energy efficiency, convenience, and security. The
proposed system aligns well with these market trends.
 Consumer Preferences:
Consumers are increasingly looking for integrated and user-friendly solutions.
The proposed system’s focus on ease of use, remote control, and automation
meets these preferences.
 Competitor Analysis:
A detailed analysis of existing competitors will be conducted to identify
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT analysis). The proposed
system’s unique features and competitive pricing will be highlighted to position it
effectively in the market.
2.3.7 Environmental Impact
 Energy Efficiency:
The proposed system aims to reduce energy consumption through smart control
and automation of lighting.
 Reduced Energy Consumption:
By automating the control of lights based on user schedules and real-time
conditions, the system will significantly reduce unnecessary energy usage. This
contributes to lower electricity bills and a smaller carbon footprint.
 Sustainability:
The use of energy-efficient LED bulbs further enhances the system’s
environmental benefits. LEDs consume less power and have a longer lifespan,
reducing the need for frequent replacements and waste.
 Recycling and Disposal:
The components used in the system will be selected with sustainability in mind.
Proper recycling and disposal methods will be recommended for the end-of-life
phase of the system.
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2.3.8 Feasibility of IoT Integration and Smart Home Compatibility
 IoT Integration:
The proposed system's integration into the broader Internet of Things (IoT)
ecosystem enhances its feasibility and future-proofing.
 Interoperability:
The system is designed to work seamlessly with other IoT devices, ensuring
interoperability. This includes compatibility with smart assistants like Amazon
Alexa, Google Assistant, and Apple Siri, allowing for voice control and
integration with other smart home routines.
 Communication Protocols:
The primary communication protocol used is Wi-Fi, which is universally
supported by most smart home devices. Additionally, the system can be adapted
to work with other protocols such as Zigbee or Z-Wave if needed.
 Smart Home Compatibility:
Ensuring that the smart lighting system is compatible with existing smart home
platforms is crucial for its adoption. The system will support integration with
popular smart home hubs and platforms, enhancing its appeal to users who
already
have smart home devices.
2.3.9 User and Market Research
 User Research:
Understanding user needs and preferences is essential for designing a system that
meets their expectations.
 Surveys and Interviews:
Conducting surveys and interviews with potential users to gather insights into
their needs, preferences, and pain points. This information will guide the design
and feature set of the system.
 Usability Testing:
Iterative usability testing will be conducted to ensure that the system is user-
friendly and meets the needs of the target audience. Feedback from these tests
will be used to refine the user interface and functionality.
 Market Research:
Analyzing market trends, competitor offerings, and potential customer segments
to identify opportunities and threats. This research will inform the marketing and
sales strategies for the system.
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 2.3.10 Sustainability and Long-Term Viability
 Sustainable Practices:
Implementing sustainable practices in the design, development, and deployment
of the system is crucial for its long-term viability.
 Energy Efficiency:
Emphasizing the energy efficiency of the system, not only through the use of
LED bulbs but also through smart algorithms that optimize lighting schedules
and usage.
 Eco-Friendly Materials:
Using eco-friendly materials for hardware components and packaging to
minimize the environmental impact. Encouraging users to recycle old bulbs and
components responsibly.
 Long-Term Viability:
Ensuring that the system remains relevant and functional over the long term
through regular updates, scalability, and support.
o Regular Updates:
Providing regular firmware and software updates to improve functionality, security,
and compatibility with new devices and platforms
o Scalability:
Designing the system to be easily expandable, allowing users to add more
lights and devices as needed without significant modifications.
o Customer Support:
Offering robust customer support to assist users with installation,
configuration, and troubleshooting. Providing resources such as user
manuals, FAQs, and online support forums.
2.3.11 Project Management and Development Plan
 Project Management:
Effective project management is crucial for the successful development and
deployment of the system.
o Development Phases:
Dividing the project into distinct phases, including planning, development,
testing, and deployment. Each phase will have specific goals, timelines,
and deliverables.
o Agile Methodology:

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 Adopting an Agile methodology to allow for iterative development and
regular feedback. This approach ensures that the project can adapt to
changes and incorporate user feedback effectively.
 Development Plan:
Outlining a detailed development plan that includes milestones, resource
allocation, and risk management.
o Milestones and Timelines:
Defining key milestones and timelines for each phase of the project.
Regularly reviewing progress to ensure that the project stays on track.
o Resource Allocation:
Allocating resources effectively, including personnel, budget, and
equipment. Ensuring that the team has the necessary skills and tools to
complete the project.
o Risk Management:
Identifying potential risks and developing mitigation strategies. Regularly
reviewing and updating the risk management plan to address new risks as
they arise.
 Conclusion
The comprehensive feasibility study confirms that the proposed smart lighting
home automation system is technically, economically, operationally, and legally
viable. The system's design and architecture are based on readily available and
reliable components, ensuring technical feasibility. Economic analysis shows
that the initial investment is justified by long-term savings and market demand.
Operational feasibility is supported by a user-friendly design, comprehensive
support resources, and scalability. Legal compliance will be ensured through
adherence to relevant regulations, and potential risks have been identified and
mitigated.
In summary, the proposed system not only aligns with market trends and consumer
preferences but also offers significant benefits in terms of energy efficiency, convenience,
and security. This makes it a valuable addition to modern smart homes, ensuring its long-
term viability and success in the market.

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Chapter 3: System Analysis & Design
3.1 Requirement Specification
Hardware Requirements:
 NodeMCU (ESP8266): The microcontroller that handles the Wi-Fi connection and
controls the relay module.
 Relay Module: A two-channel relay module used to switch home appliances like bulbs
or fans.
 Bulbs/Other Appliances: The end devices controlled by the system.
 Power Supply: A power source for the NodeMCU and connected relays.
 PCB (Printed Circuit Board): For mounting and connecting the components in a
stable configuration.
Software Requirements:
 Arduino IDE: For writing and uploading code to the NodeMCU.
 MIT App Inventor: A visual programming tool used to develop the Android
application that will control the appliances.
 Blynk/Custom Server: Optional, to facilitate communication between the NodeMCU
and the Android app.
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  Flux.ai: For designing and testing the PCB layout before final implementation.
Functional Requirements:
 Wi-Fi Connectivity: The system must connect to a home Wi-Fi network to enable
remote control via the mobile application.
 Real-Time Control: The system should be able to control connected appliances in real-
time.
 Safety Mechanisms: Implement fail-safes to prevent malfunctions that could damage
appliances or pose a hazard.
Non-Functional Requirements:
 User-Friendly Interface: The app created using MIT App Inventor should have an
intuitive design, making it easy for users to control the system.
 Reliability: The system must operate consistently without frequent disconnects or
failures.
 Scalability: The design should allow for easy addition of more devices or
functionalities in the future.
3.2 Flowcharts / DFDs / ERDs
Flowcharts: A flowchart visualizes the sequence of operations in the IoT home automation
system. Below is a brief overview:
1. Start: The user opens the app created using MIT App Inventor.
2. Connect to NodeMCU: The app connects to the NodeMCU over the local Wi-Fi
network.
3. Display Options: The app displays options to control the connected devices.
4. User Input: The user selects an option (e.g., turn on/off the light).
5. Send Command: The app sends the appropriate command to the NodeMCU.
6. Process Command: The NodeMCU receives the command and activates the
corresponding relay.
7. Device Action: The connected appliance responds (e.g., light turns on/off).
8. Feedback to User: The app displays the updated status of the device.
Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs): A DFD will depict how data flows through the system:
 Level 0: The user interacts with the Android app built with MIT App Inventor.
 Level 1: The app sends data to the NodeMCU via Wi-Fi.
 Level 2: The NodeMCU processes the data and controls the relay.
 Level 3: The relay switches the appliance on/off based on the received command.
3.3 Algorithms

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The core algorithms in this system involve communication between the MIT App Inventor app
and the NodeMCU, and the control logic for the relays.
Algorithm for Device Control (NodeMCU):
1. Initialize NodeMCU: Set up Wi-Fi credentials and connect to the network.
2. Establish Server: Create an HTTP server on the NodeMCU to listen for incoming
requests.
3. Process Incoming Requests:
o If the request is to turn on a device, activate the corresponding relay.
o If the request is to turn off a device, deactivate the corresponding relay.
4. Feedback Loop: Send a response back to the Android app confirming the action.
Algorithm for Android App (MIT App Inventor):
1. Connect to NodeMCU: Use the app to connect to the NodeMCU via the local Wi-Fi
network.
2. Display Control Options: Show the user available options for controlling connected
devices.
3. Send Command: Upon user interaction, send an HTTP request to the NodeMCU to
perform the desired action.
4. Receive and Display Feedback: Get the response from the NodeMCU and update the
app’s UI accordingly.
3.4 Design and Test Steps / Criteria
Design Steps:
1. Circuit Design: Design the circuit diagram including the NodeMCU, relay module, and
connected appliances.
2. PCB Design: Use a tool like Flux.ai to create the PCB layout, ensuring all components
are placed and connected correctly.
3. Software Development:
o Develop the app interface and functionalities using MIT App Inventor.
o Write the Arduino code for the NodeMCU to handle Wi-Fi connections and
relay control.
4. Integration: Combine the hardware and software, ensuring that the app can
communicate with the NodeMCU and control the devices.
Test Steps:
1. Unit Testing: Test each component individually—NodeMCU, relay control, Wi-Fi
connectivity, and app interface.

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 2. Integration Testing: Ensure that the app can successfully send commands to the
NodeMCU, and that the NodeMCU can control the appliances as expected.
3. System Testing: Test the entire system in a real-world environment, including
connecting to Wi-Fi, sending commands, and receiving feedback.
4. User Acceptance Testing: Have end-users test the system to ensure it meets their needs
and is user-friendly.
Test Criteria:
 Functional Accuracy: All commands sent from the app must accurately control the
appliances.
 Reliability: The system must operate consistently without failure.
 Response Time: The system should respond to commands with minimal delay.
 User Satisfaction: The user should find the system intuitive and easy to use.
This chapter details the comprehensive analysis and design processes necessary for developing
a functional IoT home automation system, providing a solid foundation for implementation and
testing.

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