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Real Time Operating System (RTOS) - GeeksforGeeks

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489 views

Real Time Operating System (RTOS) - GeeksforGeeks

Uploaded by

mrharan657
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GEEKSFORGEEKS

Real Time Operating System


(RTOS)
Real-time operating systems (RTOS) are used in
environments where a large number of events, mostly
external to the computer system, must be accepted
and processed in a short time or within certain
deadlines. such applications are industrial control,
telephone switching equipment, flight control, and
real-time simulations. With an RTOS, the processing
time is measured in tenths of seconds. This system is
time-bound and has a fixed deadline. The processing
in this type of system must occur within the specified
constraints. Otherwise, This will lead to system
failure.

Examples of real-time operating systems are airline


traffic control systems, Command Control Systems,
airline reservation systems, Heart pacemakers,
Network Multimedia Systems, robots, etc.
The real-time operating systems can be of 3 types –

RTOS

1. Hard Real-Time Operating System: These


operating systems guarantee that critical tasks are
completed within a range of time.
For example, a robot is hired to weld a car body. If
the robot welds too early or too late, the car cannot
be sold, so it is a hard real-time system that
requires complete car welding by the robot hardly
on time., scientific experiments, medical imaging
systems, industrial control systems, weapon
systems, robots, air traffic control systems, etc.

2. Soft real-time operating system: This operating


system provides some relaxation in the time limit.
For example – Multimedia systems, digital audio
systems, etc. Explicit, programmer-defined, and
controlled processes are encountered in real-time
systems. A separate process is changed by
handling a single external event. The process is
activated upon the occurrence of the related event
signaled by an interrupt.

Multitasking operation is accomplished by


scheduling processes for execution independently
of each other. Each process is assigned a certain
level of priority that corresponds to the relative
importance of the event that it services. The
processor is allocated to the highest-priority
processes. This type of schedule, called, priority-
based preemptive scheduling is used by real-time
systems.

3. Firm Real-time Operating System: RTOS of this


type have to follow deadlines as well. In spite of its
small impact, missing a deadline can have
unintended consequences, including a reduction in
the quality of the product. Example: Multimedia
applications.
4. Deterministic Real-time operating System:
Consistency is the main key in this type of real-time
operating system. It ensures that all the task and
processes execute with predictable timing all the
time,which make it more suitable for applications in
which timing accuracy is very important.
Examples: INTEGRITY, PikeOS.

Advantages:

The advantages of real-time operating systems are


as follows-

1. Maximum consumption: Maximum utilization of


devices and systems. Thus more output from all
the resources.

2. Task Shifting: Time assigned for shifting tasks in


these systems is very less. For example, in older
systems, it takes about 10 microseconds. Shifting
one task to another and in the latest systems, it
takes 3 microseconds.

3. Focus On Application: Focus on running


applications and less importance to applications
that are in the queue.

4. Real-Time Operating System In Embedded


System: Since the size of programs is small,
RTOS can also be embedded systems like in
transport and others.

5. Error Free: These types of systems are error-free.

6. Memory Allocation: Memory allocation is best


managed in these types of systems.

Disadvantages:
The disadvantages of real-time operating systems are
as follows-

1. Limited Tasks: Very few tasks run simultaneously,


and their concentration is very less on few
applications to avoid errors.

2. Use Heavy System Resources: Sometimes the


system resources are not so good and they are
expensive as well.

3. Complex Algorithms: The algorithms are very


complex and difficult for the designer to write on.

4. Device Driver And Interrupt signals: It needs


specific device drivers and interrupts signals to
respond earliest to interrupts.

5. Thread Priority: It is not good to set thread priority


as these systems are very less prone to switching
tasks.

6. Minimum Switching: RTOS performs minimal task


switching.

Comparison of Regular and Real-Time operating


systems:

Regular OS Real-Time OS (RTOS)

Complex Simple

Best effort Guaranteed response

Strict Timing
Fairness
constraints

Average Bandwidth Minimum and


maximum limits

Unknown Components are


components known

Unpredictable
Predictable behavior
behavior

Plug and play RTOS is upgradeable

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