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Types and components of computer systems – 2023 ICT

IGCSE 0417 1. March/2023/Paper_0417/12/No.1

Software are apps or programmes used by a computer.

OR: Software is used to control the operation of a computer.

Applications Software

System Software

2. March/2023/Paper_0417/12/No.14

 RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile while

ROM (Read Only Memory) is non-volatile.
 Both RAM and ROM are Internal Memory.
 ROM data can be read from and written to
while RAM data is Read only.
 Both RAM and ROM are some examples of
primary storage.

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RAM

Motherboard

Graphics Card

NIC

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 Software that uses interacts through speech recognition

 This software uses voice or spoken word to carry out actions.

Firstly, a dialogue-based interface allows for hands-free control,

which can enhance accessibility. However, it may not operate
reliably due to background noise, speech impediments, or accents.
On one hand, it is particularly useful for physically disabled users,
who may find traditional interfaces challenging, however, on the
other hand, the system needs to be 'trained' by the user, which
can be time-consuming.
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Blu-ray discs are preferred to an internal hard disk for

storing movies because the data cannot be erased or
edited, ensuring the content remains secure. Additionally,
Blu-ray discs are portable, making it easy to share or watch
movies on different devices. As they are external, they do
not take up internal storage space on your computer.
Moreover, you can have a large number of Blu-ray discs,
therefore more storage.

Backing storage is non-volatile and stores data

permanently.

Backing storage is slower to access than internal memory.

Any 2:
Magnetic tape
CD
DVD
Memory cards
Pen drives
SSD
Flash Memory
Cloud Storage

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6. Nov/2023/Paper_0417/11/No.9

SSD can be used to store the operating

system/games. This way the game or operating
system will run faster.

HDD can be used to store the apps, software, data, or

files. This way allows to store more and larger files.

RAM
ROM

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Analogue data is continuous data that can take on any value within a
given range.

Digital data is discrete data represented in binary form.

Digital Data may be need to be converted to analogue data in order to

control an external device.

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Open the windows in a green house

Analogue data

Measure acidity levels in a river

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A phablet computer is a device that has the features and properties of both a
smartphone and a tablet computer. It is a tablet that functions as a smartphone,
with a size that is in between a smartphone and a tablet.

A phablet has a larger screen size, making it easier to read the text and
navigate, while a smartphone's smaller screen can be more limiting. However,
a phablet is less portable than a smartphone, which can make it less
convenient. Additionally, the larger screen of a phablet allows for better
control over the layout of the newsletter, whereas a smartphone may be
more challenging for precise layout adjustments. Furthermore, recording
audio messages can be more difficult with the larger phablet compared to a
more manageable smartphone. On one hand, more people can view a
phablet at the same time allowing great collaboration, on the other hand,
using a smartphone might be easier when integrating with other devices or
capturing photos due to its compact design.

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9. Nov/2023/Paper_0417/12/No.6

It can cause eye problems

It can cause headaches

Cables connected to the projector can create tripping hazards, causing accidents.

Projectors can overheat if not properly ventilated, posing a fire risk.

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Extended reality is a mixture of virtual reality and augmented reality. it combines the
real/physical world with the digital world and allows a seamless interaction between
the two.

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This provides the services that the user requires to solve a task and allows the
user to perform a task.

This provides the services that the computer requires to operate and controls
the hardware and software of the device.

World Processing Software

Spreadsheets

Compilers

Linkers

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Firstly, Analogue data is continuous, whereas digital data is discrete.

Secondly, Analogue data is in waveform, while digital data is in the form of
1s and 0s/binary. Lastly, Analogue data needs to be converted to be
processed, read, or stored by a computer, whereas digital data can be
processed by a computer without conversion.

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13.March/2024/Paper_0417/12/No.4

The CPU plays a crucial role in processing Instructions to produce

an output. It retrieves instructions from memory and decodes
those instructions to understand the tasks it needs to perform.
Once the instructions are decoded, the CPU executes the
instructions by carrying out calculations and comparisons as
directed. Finally, the CPU registers/stores the results from the ALU
to ensure the output is accurately produced and available for
further use.

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Dialogue Based

GUI/Graphical User

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15.March/2024/Paper_0417/12/No.6

Pointing a device at a building or object to display information

Layering filters in social media

Firstly, AR uses a real-world setting, whereas VR only enhances a

fictional reality. Secondly, AR can be accessed with a smartphone,
whereas VR usually requires a headset device.

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