Sharanbasappa Sali. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.

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ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 8, Issue 1, ( Part -IV) January 2018, pp.04-12

RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

Health Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Network

1
Sharanbasappa Sali, 2Dr. Parvathi C. S.
1
Assistant Professor, E &CE Dept, Basavakalyan Engineering .College, Basavakalyan ,India
2
Professor & Chairperson, Dept. of Inst. Tech. Gulbarga University P.G. Centre, Yarigera, Raichur, India.
Corresponding Author: 1Sharanbasappa Sali

ABSTRACT
This paper proposes an efficient approach to monitor the illness of the patient during the check up condition.
Now a days medical equipments help the patient monitoring; also avoid lot of risk by Doctor‟s in ICU. These
medical sensors are tattered on the wrist and finger to monitor the patient‟s condition. These medical sensors
will sense the condition of patient‟s body and collect the data from patient body and send a message via Global
System Mobile device to concern person or doctors. These data is communicated via ZeeBee wireless device.
The sensors used are ECG (ad8232) sensor and blood pressure sensor. Signals are obtained and are displayed
using Arduino Uno board. Body blood pressure is displayed on serial plot and ECG signal is monitored on PC
through MATLAB, if the irregularities in the measured variables are noticed, a message alert will be sent to the
medical staff.
Keyword: Arduino board, ECG (ad8232) sensor, Blood Pressure sensor, ZigBee and GSM module- MGSM900
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Date Of Submission: 14-01-2018 Date Of Acceptance: 27-01-2018
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I. INTRODUCTION experiments, these sensor devices are tied on the
The invention and science related to waist and wrist of a patient.
Wireless Sensor Communication device is a vast
popular technology. There are many people doing For the software development of this
researches in this field of medical measured-data wireless sensor system, we made use of MATLAB
acquisition equipment for monitoring and diagnosis, for graphic user communicate to produce a smooth
in particular to ECG (ad8232) sensor and blood curve graph while receiving the real time data.
pressure sensor, additionally to potential for Hence a communication is setup between two
managing the inspiration, the body condition and ZigBee modules by using MATLAB and Arduino
for storing electric potentials or (electrodermal) board. Consequently, by combining the software
electromyography pursuit such as the skin response. development and the hardware programming on a
Health care tracking system will monitor the patient wireless device an effective wireless device network
continuously and simultaneously transmit the is obtained that can help with such situations. These
physiological data to the doctors and to other apparatus can assist to give carer real-time entry to
medical staff. Such monitoring, diagnostic device correct patient information, clinical histories,
and sensor is used mainly in hospitals and mainly in treatments, medications, tests, and lab results,
the examination of patients‟ health condition. insurance information etc.
Wireless sensors make the things easier
and extra suitable than wired sensors to detect II. REVIEW OF EARLIER TECHNIQUES
patient movements and collect data. Wireless device Now a days wireless communication
consist of various devices which can interface with device are more helpful to human being, some
each other. In this research, we developed a wireless people use RFID, Bluetooth, ZigBee and wireless
device system, which includes a sensor and a device network which gives innovative medium for
receiver device. The sensor fork contains an data transmission for medical applications. This
electronics sensing device with any sensors that we section of the paper highlights on current uses of
need for capturing our desired data. The receiver various wireless communications in healthcare
device contains a finale user appliance to receive the domain. This work also proposed a distance health
data that the sensor device can detect and collect. tracking system built on the ZigBee Wireless
Arduino is used to command the sensors as a Communication System and MATLAB software.
microcontroller and we made use of ZigBee Amna Abdullah et.al [01] has proposed a
modules to transfer data between the sensor device system, which can monitor ECG signals,
and the receiver device. During its field temperature and heartbeat of a patient from a remote
location. Here it connects the sensors attached with

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Sharanbasappa Sali. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 8, Issue 1, ( Part -IV) January 2018, pp.04-12

the patient‟s body to a transmitter unit related with a patients body, and monitoring the environmental
ZigBee or GSM module. The transmitter attributes, which covers all imperative statistics for
communicates the data wirelessly to a receiver that the individual healthcare in an indoor territory.
is also related with a ZigBee or GSM module. The The early techniques reveal that most of the
receiver is connected directly to the serial port of a work is done on designing the wireless body sensors
local monitoring unit (which is a Laptop with MAT and its application, with single parameter
LAB software in it). The local monitoring unit monitoring and processing for short durations. So
displays the final data. A huge number of other for ICU patients and also for post operative patients
applications of using wireless device the continuous monitoring is required. For
communication with Arduino and ZigBee have been continuous monitoring there is large power
developed. consumption. This has motivated us to design and
Ye Wang [02] introduced data fusion develop the integrated wireless instrument for heart
which can decrease power consumption by testing a rate and temperature measurement. To have
device that is built on micro-controller and ZigBee. continuous monitoring and also for more
As they discussed, a typical Arduino-ZigBee can be physiological parameters, data acquisition and
treated as the microcontroller-RF module. Eight bits signal conditioning with low cost, less power
can stand for both Arduino serial input/output consumption, miniature instruments are needed in
command and ZigBee frames. Their testing device, the biomedical field.
which consists of a controller board, a ZigBee and
two sensors, is contemplated as the sensor node. The III. METHODOLOGY
two kinds of sensors are an integrated sensor for In design of wireless sensor
ECG (ad8232) sensor and blood pressure sensor. communication device the first constraint is the
They are used for creating data and their data types selection of a ZigBee and Arduino Uno that can
are categorized as double with precision point. They interface with further and sensor can test the
performed some experiments and analyzed the fact- patient‟s body with the lowest power. Once a
finding data to conclude that the data fusion method communication is done transmitter ZigBee transmits
is beneficial for reducing data size. the data and receiver ZigBee receives the data. The
Emmanuel Kobina et.al [03] proposed a devices used are low-cost and are effortless to use
work which describes the wireless sensor by the patient [6]. All the components used in these
communication system built on ZigBee and GSM circuits are low powered and inexpensive. The
programme. It is mostly used for assemble and overall proposed block diagram of the model is as
transmitting the various monitoring information or shown in fig. 1.
physiological parameters using ECG sensor, blood
pressure sensor about the patients in hospital or in This module has wireless communication
their houses to allocate medical doctor or device and sensor devices like ECG (AD8232)
practitioner. Here the patient‟s are tracked by sensor [7] and blood pressure sensor. Both sensors
sensors and the output of these devices is are connected to ZigBee via Arduino board. This
communicated via Zigbee-GSM communication paper reports the implementation of ECG signal
medium and the same has to be redirected to the tracking system and this system recognises the ECG
remote wireless monitor for acquiring the observed signals in real-time. In general, heart disease can be
patient‟s physiological signal. identified as unusual heart rate, whereas, normal
U. Anliker et.al [04] described a Wireless resting condition range from 60 to 101 beats per
device Communication and attentive system minute and ECG signal characterises a beat
selecting high danger respiratory patients. The detection and other features [8]. It considers basic
system builds on constant collection and rating of reliable ECG device is a crucial portable device and
multiple essential signals, brilliant multi-variable will be extensively used in the expectation for early
medical crisis detection and a mobile connection to finding cardiovascular disease [9]. The main
a medical centre. These are finger and wrist-worn operation of a blood pressure sensor is the
enclosure and these are operated on low power determination of a person‟s blood flow. Blood
design system. Design techniques, continuous, movement is the blood capacity that moves along
lengthy tracking can be executed without connecting any tissue in a decided interval of time in sequence
with the patient‟s day-by-day job and without to show tissue oxygen and nutrients transported in
controlling their potency. blood [10].
Sheng Hu [05] developed a body wireless This system is able to acquire, and show
sensor communication solution for individual the patient‟s real time electrocardiogram (ECG) data
healthcare under a home environment. The system is [11] and also blood pressure. Patient data received
efficient of logging the physiological signs of from this system can be further used for analysis of
anthropoid beings, monitoring the situation of irregular heart rate and new clinical applications.

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System hardware comprises of an electrode, as a These pulses represent the force changes because of
part of signal input, signal conditioning components heart ventricle contraction and can be used to
for manipulating signal, the microcontroller unit to measure the heartbeat rate, pulses increase in
execute signal processing and wireless amplitude until mean arterial force is extended, then
communication module. reduces until they vanish. The signals want to be
Blood pressure tracking action is built on amplified before it enters a fitting microcontroller
the oscillometric method [12]. This technique gives which executes further processing in sequence to
the pulse taken during calculation; an occluding cuff calculate ratios of the signals and compares with
is put on the left arm and is interfaced to an air approach utility for danger level [14]. This desired
pump and a pressure sensor [13]. The air will be parameter is then displayed in a monitor via
pumped into the cuff to be around 20 mmHg above software MATLAB to record blood pressure and
average systolic pressure (about 120 mmHg for an ECG signal, in actual time to apparatus the ECG and
average) systolic value is extended and then the cuff blood pressure tracking system.
is steadily collapse. As the cuff collapse, when
systolic force value near, pulse start too visible.

Zigbee
Transmitter
WPAN
ECG sensor

Arduino Board

Patient BP sensor
Signal processing Unit
Transmitter
Receiver

Data analysis
No

Alert the GSM If data is more

Doctor by or less than
sending a preset value server Zigbee
data to PDA Receiver
Yes

Figure 1: Block Diagram of Proposed System

3.1 ECG (AD8232) Sensor performing of its function to pump the blood
ECG signal tracking system made up of through the circulation system. Electrode is used for
two sections [15]. Signal input (Electrode) shown in recognizing bioelectrical potential caused by muscle
figure 2, signal amplified circuit and computer cells [16]. The ECG lead is anticipated to be
software. detected the movement of ion vectors in particular
direction between two points on the exterior of the
skin. This is a differential measurement of the value
difference projected across the heart.
For this work, electrocardiogram
monitoring system is focused on the lead II (R, L
lead) configuration concerning completed
combinations of electrodes positioned on the right
arm „R‟ (negative pole), left arm „L‟ (positive pole)
and the mention of electrode (F lead) is positioned
on the left front „F‟ (a signal ground connection) or
relatively positioned on the left arm. These are three
configurations of the ECG tracking system: namely,
lead I, II and III, to perceive the projection of ion
moving vectors flow from the (-) ve pole to the (+)
Figure 2: Signal Input (Electrode). ve pole, ECG tracking system was used lead II
placement. The relationship between lead I, II, and
Heart muscle is measured by placing an III order can be communicated as: Lead I + Lead III
electrode at outer exterior of the skin. They are three = Lead II (1) where lead I, II, and III are the lead
electrodes, those are having different colours. The voltages as maintained by to Kirchhoff‟s law
shade coded electrode has the names R, L and F defined on the Einthoven calibre limb leads
depicts right, left and front by putting in patients (bipolar) [17].
body, this is also called as “ECG lead” as the heart

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In this module we preferred three bipolar limb sensor with Arduino Board, the circuit connections
leads, which are represented as I, II and III. The are made as follows:
voltage signal values at each lead are computed by  Pin 11 of the ECG board goes into INPUT (10
using below Eq. (1), (2) and (3). pin) of the Arduino.
𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝐼 = 𝑉𝐿𝐴 − 𝑉𝑅𝐴 1  Pin 12 of the ECG board goes into INPUT
𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝐼𝐼 = 𝑉𝐿𝐹 − 𝑉𝑅𝐴 (2) (11pin) of the Arduino.
𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝑉𝐿𝐹 − 𝑉𝐿𝐴 (3)  Pin 16 of the ECG board goes into ground
Where the each electrode signal i.e. from (GND) of the Arduino.
left, right and foot value is recorded in a  Pin 17 of the ECG board goes into +5V of the
variable𝑉𝐿𝐴 , 𝑉𝑅𝐴 𝑉𝐿𝐹 . Arduino.
The above equation denotes the Einthoven bipolar  Pin 19 of the ECG board goes into OUTPUT
limb lead connections, using mentioned three limb (A1) of the Arduino.
leads; we can change the positioning of leads to
collect unipolar limb leads values. These values are
also termed as augmented limb lead values they are
computed as
𝑉𝐿𝐴 + 𝑉𝐿𝐹
𝑎𝑉𝑅 = 𝑉𝑅𝐴 − (4)
2
𝑉𝑅𝐴 + 𝑉𝐿𝐹
𝑎𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝐿𝐴 − (5)
2
𝑉𝐿𝐴 + 𝑉𝑅𝐴
𝑎𝑉𝐹 = 𝑉𝐿𝐹 − (6)
2
These computed values gives a more
significant and relevant information about
electrocardiogram.
Typically, ECG signal obtained from an electrode is
of very small amplitude and ranged around ±2mV,
is an extremely weak signal. Thus, an accurate
amplification of ECG signal is a crucial practice and
required to further analysis and displaying a proper
ECG waveform. Moreover the CMRR of electronic Figure 4: Ad8232 inside IC Circuit.
amplifier is required as a high ratio to reject an
undesired input signals from the lead input of ECG Table 1: Pin Function Descriptions
signal. For this reason, the AD8232 instrumentation Pin No. Mnemonic
amplifier has been selected and used in this study Description
for improved about 1,000 times of original signal 01 HP drive High Pass Drive
and received an accurate ECG data for displaying Output,
unit [18]. The pin diagram of AD8232 is shown in 02 +IN Instrumentation
Figure 3 (a) and its circuit diagram is shown in Amplifier Positive
figure 3 (b). Input. +IN is
typically (LA)
electrode.
03 -IN Instrumentation
Amplifier Negative
Input. −IN is
typically (RA)
electrode
04 RLDFB Right Leg Drive
Feedback Input.
05 RLD Right Leg Drive
Output.
06 SW Fast Restore Switch
Terminal.
Figure 3: (a) Pin Diagram; (b) Signal Amplified 07 OPAMP+ Op-amp Non
Circuit. inverting Input.
The internal circuit structure of AD8232 IC is 08 REFOUT Reference buffer
shown in figure 4. Its each pin description is Output
explained in table 1. Interfacing ECG (AD8232) 09 OPAMP- Op-amp Inverting

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input. A further methodical new algorithm of

10 OUT Operational recognizing systolic and diastolic pressure of patient
Amplifier Output. body with a absolute collection of powerful user-
11 LOD- Leads Off friendly embedded programmable blood pressure
Comparator Output. tracking system has been suggested in this paper to
12 LOD+ Leads Off decrease the overall workload of medical staff and
Comparator Output. also to track patient's condition more conveniently
13 𝑆𝐷𝑁 Shutdown Control and accurately. Available instrument for calculating
Input, blood pressure have some difficulty and restriction
14 AC/𝐷𝐶 Leads off mode in case of both analog and digital instrument.
control Input The sphygmomanometer, being analog device, is
15 FR Fast Restore still being used widely due to its reliability and
Control Input, accuracy over digital ones. As we know the blood
16 GND Power supply flow in arteries create the pressure, this pressure
Ground. generally measured as mean arterial pressure (MAP)
17 +Vs Power supply [21]. This mean pressure value is computed by using
terminal. cardiac output (CO), vascular resistance (SVP) and
venous pressure (CVP). The mathematical relation
18 REFIN Reference buffer
input, between above parameter is defined as
𝑀𝐴𝑃 = 𝐶𝑂 × 𝑆𝑉𝑅 + 𝐶𝑉𝑃 (7)
19 IAOUT Instrumentation
Amplifier Output
Usually venous pressure is close to 0
terminal.
mmHg, than above can be written as
20 HPSENSE/ High-Pass-Sense
𝑀𝐴𝑃 = 𝐶𝑂 × 𝑆𝑉𝑅 (8)
EP input for
instrumentation
These equation explain the theoretical
Amplifier/ Exposed
concepts related in blood pressure measurement in
pad connect
practical the mean arteries pressure can be
Exposed pad to
calculated as
Ground or level it 1
unconnected. 𝑀𝐴𝑃 ≅ 𝑃𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑠 + 𝑃𝑠𝑦𝑠 − 𝑃𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑠 (9)
3
3.2 Blood Pressure Sensor
Where 𝑃𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑠 and 𝑃𝑠𝑦𝑠 are systolic and
Blood pressure is the pressure of blood
diastolic pressure values. The collected blood
opposed to the separator of arteries. Blood pressure
pressure signals are small in strength hence there is
is noted as two numbers i.e. the systolic force over
a need to design an amplifier circuit. The respective
the diastolic force, calculation is written one above
internal structure of sphygmomanometer amplifier is
or before the other, with the systolic number on top
shown in figure 6 [22].
and the diastolic number on the bottom [19]. For
It needs an experienced person to calculate
example, a blood pressure calculation of 120/80
the blood pressure and it is not live automated and
mmHg is communicated verbally as "120 over 80
also time consuming. This advanced system
[20]. The overall circuit kit for blood pressure
includes a microcontroller built on embedded
measurement is shown in figure 5.
system. It has lead of the accessible digital blood
pressure machines also with an abundant improved
form and has higher accuracy at the identical time.
This system can also be communicative with
computer between serial port/USB to produce the
calculated blood pressure information on the LAN
or internet.

Figure 5: Blood pressure Kit.

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Table 2: Blood pressure signal categories

No. BP in mmHg Category
1 90/60 or less Low Blood Pressure
2 more than 90/60 and less than Healthy(normal)
120/80
3 More than 120/80 and less than Try to lower blood
140/90 pressure
4 More than or equal to 140/90 High blood pressure

These collected sensor data i.e. ECG and

Figure 6: Schematics of internal structure of blood pressure values are preprocessed by using
sphygmomanometer amplifier Analog Circuit. Arduino based signal processing unit [25]. The
Considering above analog circuit the resultant DC processed digital values are transmitted to base
voltage of the pressure transducer can be calculated server using zigbee wireless communication
as technology [26]. At the base station the assembled
𝐷𝐶𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑔𝑒 ECG and blood pressure data is analyzed by the
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑔𝑒 = (10) clinical specialist, in case the received data exceed
𝐷𝐶𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
the normal range than emergency signal is activated
Where 𝐷𝐶𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑔𝑒 is available digital output automatically [27]. Along with emergency signal
pre-stored text message is transferred to the stored
at A-to-D converter and amplifier gain is denoted
number by using GSM technology [28]. The system
by𝐷𝐶𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 .
sensor response of the proposed system is explained
Using sensor transfer characteristic „slope‟ in result section.
value is computed, after computing slope the IV. Result
respective pressure in kPa is determined as The sensor performance of the implemented
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑘𝑃𝑎 = (11) module is briefly explained in this section. The
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 sensor module is including ECG and blood pressure
sensor. ECG sensor setup and its circuit are shown
In medical field the blood pressure is in figure 7. The sensor connection with AD8232
measured in mmHg unit, hence above equation can amplifier and Arduino Uno board is as represented
be converted into an mmHg by using below Eq. in figure 7(a), used three sensor electrodes and their
(12). position on the human body is shown in figure 7(b).
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 = 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑘𝑃𝑎 Proceeding with circuit arrangement measured ECG
760𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 signal plotted on the serial plotter of Arduino Uno
× (12)
101.325𝑘𝑃𝑎 board is shown in figure 7 (c). The captured data is
processed further to satisfy the medical requirement
Using listed mathematical modules an levels.
instrument can be programmed to control the
patient's blood pressure after every one definite Blood pressure is another sensor module used to
meantime in a graphical form [23]. To sensation the measure the blood pressure of the human body, the
force of patient‟s body, a force to voltage transducer respective sensor module and its circuit connection
is used through with a cuff in our system. with Arduino board is represented in figure 8(a).
Throughout the blood pressure calculation cycle, the Used NSK pressure sensor connection with the
product voltage of the transducer is hold by the Arduino and physical connection with patient body
fixed ADC of microcontroller after an amplifier is depicted figure 8(b). The collected basic blood
stage. The noted data are then managed and scanned pressure signal from the controller is shown in
using the powerful software procedure to control the figure 8(c). This data is further passed to the filter
blood pressure of the person under test. The future circuit for better signal analysis.
system is thus anticipated to definitely increase the
existing blood pressure tracking system by By using wireless zigbee network collected
providing precision, time efficiency, user-affection both ECG and blood pressure sensor signal
and at last but not the minimal the 'good process of transmitted to the base station. MATLAB tool is
tracking patient's condition under fault-finding care' used for front end data analysis.
all cooperatively at the identical time. While data
analysis the difference category of the blood Interfaced GSM module is activated in
pressure signal listed in Table 2 is compared with emergency condition i.e. When ECG signal in not
received data for decision purpose [24]. performing and blood pressure which lies beyond or
less than the normal range.

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Figure 7 and 8 represent the response of the Figure 7: ECG Measurement Setup
sensor modules, the overall module is implemented
by using cost effective sensor circuits, controller
board and communication modules (i.e. Zigbee and
GSM) present the best system performance.

(a) Blood pressure sensor connection with

Android board
(a) ECG electrodes connection with Android board

(b) BP Measurem ent Unit usage with Patient

(b) ECG electrodes placed on patient's left, right arm

and foot

(c) Captured BP Raw Signals

Figure 8: BP Measurement Setup

V. CONCLUSION
The working and design of building
wireless communication in health monitoring
system is shown in this paper. Here ECG and blood
pressure sensors are used to group bioelectric record
(b) Captured raw ECG signal from patients. The data is then transmitted to the
coordinator using ZigBee standard, where it can be
observed by the doctors and other medical staff. The
developed system is also able of improving the
battery life by reducing power consumption during
the transmission.

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