UNIVERSITY OF ANTIQUE

GEC 4|Mathematics in the Modern World COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES 1

Hamtic, Antique

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL IN

MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

Prepared by:
MISS MARIA NORILYN L. BISO
Instructor

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GEC 4|Mathematics in the Modern World COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES 2
Hamtic, Antique

CHAPTER 1
The Nature of Mathematics

In this fast-paced society, how often have you stopped to appreciate the
beauty of the things around you? Do you also notice patterns around you?
Mathematics has been given different definitions.
Mathematics is defined as the study of numbers and arithmetic operations.
Collection of skills that can be applied to questions of “how many” and “how much”.
It involves logical reasoning and drawing conclusions.
An art which studies patterns.
A specialized language which deals with form, size, and quantity.

PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND THE WORLD

Pattern - is an arrangement which helps observers anticipate what they might see or what
happens next. A pattern also shows what may have come before.
The human mind is programmed to make sense of data or to bring order where there is
disorder. Mathematics is the study of patterns.

Here are examples of various patterns:

1. Logic Patterns - Logic patterns are usually the first to be observed. Classifying things
comes before numeration. Being able to tell which things are blocks and which are
not precedes learning to count blocks.
One kind of logic pattern deals with the characteristics of various objects while another deals
with order. These patterns are seen on aptitude tests in which takers are shown a sequence of
pictures and asked to select which figure comes next among several choices.

Examples:

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2. Number Patterns - Another class of patterns is the patterns of numbers. Number

patterns, such as 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, are familiar to students since they are among the first
patterns encountered in school.
Examples:

A. 8, 13, 18, 23, 28, . . . (Add 5)

B. 1, 3, 5, 7. 9, … (odd numbers)
C. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, … (even numbers)
D. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, … (perfect squared numbers)
E. 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, … (perfect cube numbers)
F. 448, 224, 112, 56, 28, … (divide by 2)

3. Geometric Patterns - A geometric pattern is a motif or design that depicts abstract

shapes like lines, polygons, and circles, and typically repeats like a wallpaper. Visual
patterns are observed in nature and in art.
In art, patterns appear in paintings, wallpapers, tiles, and carpets. A pattern does not
need to repeat exactly as long as it provides a way of "organizing" the artwork.

Examples:

4. Word Patterns - Patterns can also be found in language like the morphological rules on
pluralizing nouns or verbs for tense. The focus here is patterns in form and in syntax,
language which lead directly to the study of language.
Examples:

1. knife: knives 2. catch: caught 3. pretty: beautiful 4. thick: thin

life: lives teach: taught quick: fast clean: dirty
wife: wives bring: brought tiny: small wide: narrow

5. R, O, Y, G, B, I, V (colors of the rainbow)

6. S, M, T, W, T, F, S (days of the week)
7. M, V, E, M, J, S, U, N (planets in the solar system)
8. J, F, M, A, M, J, J, A, S, O, N, D (months)
9. A, D, G, J, M, P, S, … (pattern : skip 2 letters)

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Hamtic, Antique

SYMMETRY, FIBONACCI SEQUENCE, AND GOLDEN RATIO

Symmetry – a characteristic of shapes or images in which it has identical sections or parts.

Line of Symmetry or Axis of Symmetry – a line that divides a figure into two halves that are
mirror images of each other.

THREE TYPES OF SYMMETRY:

1. Reflection Symmetry – is similar to an image formed in a mirror.

2. Rotational Symmetry – an object with rotational symmetry is an object that looks the
same after a certain amount of rotation.
3. Translational Symmetry – this type of symmetry is formed when a basic shape is moved
from one point to the next.

Fibonacci Sequence
A series of numbers that follow a unique integer sequence.
Sequence of first two positive integers and the next number is the sum of the previous
two numbers.

Example: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, …

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LEONARDO PISANO (LEONARDO OF PISA)

• Italian Mathematician from Republic of Pisa.
• Nickname: Fibonacci
• Author of Liber Abbaci or Book of the Abacus or Book of Calculation.
• He discovered the Fibonacci Sequence by observing how a group of rabbits breed
and reproduced.

Why is Fibonacci Sequence Important?

Shows up unexpectedly in science, architecture, and nature (sunflowers and
pineapples).
Has useful applications with computer programming, sorting of data, generation of
random numbers, etc.
Golden Ratio – is the relationship between numbers on the Fibonacci sequence where plotting the
relationships between on scales results in a spiral shape.

phi = 1.618 (Golden mean, golden section, divine proportion)

MATHEMATICS FOR OUR WORLD

▪ Mathematics for Organization

▪ Mathematics for Prediction
▪ Mathematics for Control
▪ Mathematics in Medical Field
▪ Mathematics in Forensics
▪ Mathematics in Fluid Dynamics
▪ Mathematics in Information Technology
▪ Mathematics in Archeology
▪ Mathematics in Social Sciences
Mathematics helps organize patterns and regularities in the world. Mathematics helps predict
the behavior of nature and phenomena in the world, as well as helps humans exert control over
occurrences in the world for the advancement of our civilization.

“It is better to try and fail rather than failing to try. Keep trying. Try and try until you succeed.
There’s always a room for improvements.”
- Ma’am Knorr

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