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Circulatory System Note

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4 views

Circulatory System Note

Uploaded by

llejoy703
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Circulatory System

Also known as the cardiovascular system

Definition: The circulatory system delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells


and takes away wastes. The heart pumps oxygenated and deoxygenated
blood on different sides. The types of blood vessels include arteries,
capillaries and veins.

The circulatory system consists of four major components and


interacts with 4 major organs:

 heart.
 arteries.
 veins.
 blood.
 Kidneys.
 Liver.
 Brain.
 Small Intestines.
The Blood
The blood consists of a number of components, shown in the table below:
Blood component Its function Diagram/ photograph
Blood plasma The plasma carries
Straw-coloured dissolved nutrients,
waste product and
gases like carbon
dioxide (not Oxygen)

Red blood cells Hook onto oxygen to


(erythrocytes) carry it, also some
carbon dioxide
Haemoglobin (molecule
that has iron attached)

White blood cells Surround, enclose and


(leucocytes) kill pathogens

Blood platelets Essential to forming


clots in the healing
process of wounds.
The Heart
A muscular organ located in the chest cavity between the lungs. It acts as a
pump, forcing the blood around the body. The heart is divided into 4
chambers. The two upper chambers receive blood from veins entering the
heart and are called atria (atrium -singular).
The two lower chambers pump blood out of the heart via the arteries. These
chambers are called ventricles.
The septum divides the heart into 2 halves vertically.
The right half (as it sits in your body) receives deoxygenated blood from all
parts of the body and pumps it to the lungs to be oxygenated.
The left half receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the
body.

Blood flow through the heart


Blood Vessels

1. Artery: carries blood away from heart. All arteries, excluding the
pulmonary artery, carry oxygenated blood.

2. Vein: carries blood towards the heart. All veins, excluding the pulmonary
vein, carry deoxygenated blood.

3. Capillaries: have extremely thin walls to allow the movement of nutrients,


waste producers and carbon dioxide between the blood and the body cells.

Diseases associated with the heart:


 high blood pressure/hypertension.
 Low blood pressure.
 Stroke.
 Heart attack.
 Anaemia.
What is the difference between a congenial cardiovascular disease and those
caused by poor lifestyle and diet?

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