C.S.E.

-Main-2007

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

PAPER - I
Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300
Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 winch are compulsory and three of the remaining
questions selecting at least one question from each Section.

SECTION A

1. Answer any three of the following:

(a) (i) Determine the power delivered by 6 A source.
(10)

(ii) For the circuit shown in the figure determine V0/I5 using nodal analysis.
(10)

(b) (i) A partially filled truth table of a sequence generator (3-D flip-flops in cascade) is
given below. Find the sequence generated. Q0 is LSB and Q2 is MSB.

State Q2 Q1 Q 0

1 1 0

2 0

4 1

5 0 1

6
 7 1 1

1 0 0

(ii) A D/A converter has the lowest and the highest values of resistances 1 k and 4 k,
respectively. If the bit-length of the converter is to be increased by 2, what would be
the number of resistors required and their values ? Draw the complete circuit of the
new converter.
(10)
(c) A 250 V, 50 hp, 1000-rpm d.c. shunt motor drives a load that requires a constant torque
regardless of the speed of operation. The armature circuit resistance is 0.04 . When this
motor delivers rated power, the armature current is 160 A.
(i) If the flux is reduced to 70°/o of its original value, find the new value of the armature
current.
(10)
(ii) What is the new speed ?
(10)
(d) (i) List the sources of noise in bipolar transistor
(10)
(ii) A 100 kc resistor is connected in parallel with a 100 pE capacitor Determine the
effective noise bandwidth and the noise voltage appearing at the terminals of the
combination at 27° C.
(10)
2. (a) (i) Solve the following difference equation by use of the z transform method:
(10)
x(k+2)+3x(k+1)+2x(k)=0, x(0) = 0, x(1) = 1
(ii) Obtain the inverse z transform of:
2z3  z
X ( z) 
 z  2   z  1
2

(b) (i) For a three-phase induction motor, establish the ratio of maximum torque to full-load
torque in the form:
Tm 1 T2 S FL r'
 , where   2'
TFL 2  S FL x2
(10)
(ii) An induction motor of squirrel cage type has starting current 5 times of full-load
current and full-load slip, of 4%.
Evaluate maximum torque and corresponding slip and relation of starting torque to
full-load torque.
Assume the stator impedance and magnetising current negligible.
(10)
(c) (i) What is the essential difference in commutation performance of triac and two
thyristors connected in antiparallel ?
 (8)
(ii) A battery is charged through a resistor R as shown:

If F is 220 V (rms), Eb = 100 V (dc) and R = 20 , calculate the battery charging

current and power supplied to the battery.
(12)
3. (a) (i) Write the Maxwell’s equation in a lossy dielectric and explain that the electric field
leads the magnetic field in time phase.
(10)
(ii) Explain the term intrinsic impedance and its value in free space.
(5)
(ii) From Maxwell’s equation state the significance of the term /. What will be its
value for a good conductor and a good dielectric ?
(5)
(b) A three-phase 440 V, 60 Hz, star-connected eight-pole, 100-hp induction motor has the
following parameters expressed per phase:
r1 = 0.06 , x1 = x2’ = 0.26 
r2’ = 0.048 , rc = 107.5 
x = 8.47 , s = 0.03
The rotational losses are 1600 W. Using the approximate equivalent circuit, determine
(i) the input me current and power factor,
(ii) the efficiency.
(12 + 8)
(c) (i) What are the advantages of half-controlled converters over fully-controlled
converters?
Show the output voltage waveforms for controlled and uncontrolled halves of the
converter and the resultant voltage.
(10)
(ii) The speed of a 20-hp, 220 V, 1000 rpm dc series motor is controlled by a single phase
half-controlled full wave ideal converter Series field winding and armature winding
have resistances 0.05  and 0.12  respectively. Input to converter is 230 V, 50 Hz
supply.
Calculate the motor torque, current and supply power factor at rated load and speed
for firing delay angle  = 30°. Assume motor current to be continuous and ripple free.
Residual back emf constant is 0.08 V/ rad/sec and armature current, dependent back
emf (or torque) constant is 0.04 Nm/A2.
(10)
4. (a) (i) Derive the condition of oscillation and the expression for the frequency of oscillations
for the circuit shown. (Use mesh analysis and Barkhausen’s criteria). Draw actual
oscillator circuit with one operational amplifier and minimum number of RC
elements.

(15)
(ii) The ac equivalent circuit of an N-P-N transistor circuit is shown below. Draw the
actual circuit with biasing and coupling capacitors.

(5)
(b) (i) Show that at 100% modulation index, power contained in one side band of AM
system is 1/6th of total power transmitted.
(10)
(ii) A standard AM transmission, sinusoidally modulated to a depth of 30°/n, produces
side frequencies of 4.928 and 4.914 MHz. The amplitude of each side frequency is 75
V. Determine the amplitude and frequency of the carrier
(5)
(iii) Define conditional probability and random variable.
(5)
(c) (i) Explain tropospheric scatter propagation.
(10)
(ii) A reflex klystron operates at the peak of the n = 2 mode. The dc power input is 40mW
and V1/V0 = 0.278. If 20% of the power delivered by the beam is dissipated in the
cavity walls, find the power delivered to the load. Assume 1 = 1 and J1 = (1.53)
0.562.
(10)

SECTION B

5. Answer any Three of the following:

(a) (i) State and prove the frequency-shift theorem.
 (3)
Determine the Laplace transform of f(t) shown in the figure, using the frequency-shift
theorem.
(7)

(ii) A system has impulse response e–at. What would be the response of the system, if it is
excited by a delayed unit step function (delay = T) ?
(10)
(b) (i)

The above circuit is intended for NOT operation for input levels 0 and 10 V. Calculate
the minimum value of R for which this operation is possible. Assume hFE = 30, VBE
(sat) = 0.8, VCE (sat) = 0.2 in respect of above silicon transistor.

(10)
(ii) Implement an OR gate with AND and NOT gates.
(5)
(iii) Draw a positive logic OR gate with two diodes and explain its operation.
(5)
(c) (i) Draw arid explain the speed, torque and power-time curves for a typical electrical
traction drive.
Differentiate clearly between dynamic and regenerative braking.
(10)
(ii) A 3-phase, 400 V, six-pole, 50 Hz induction motor with parameters RS = Rr’ = 1, XS
= Xr’ = 2 (referred to stator) is under regenerative braking action. Calculate (i) the
maximum overhauling torque that it can hold and the range of speed for safe
operation and (U) the speed at which it will hold the overhauling load with torque of
160 N-m.
(10)
 (d) (i) List the differences between microwave transistors and transferred electron devices.
(10)
(ii) Explain the structure of IMPATT diode.
(5)
(iii) List the properties of S-parameters.
(5)
6. (a) (i) Use Thevenin’s theorem to replace the three-loop circuits of figure by a single-loop
equivalent circuit in which the identity of RL is preserved.
(10)
(ii) Find the value of RL so that the maximum power is consumed in it.
(10)

(b) (i) Explain principle of super-heterodyning. List the advantages of super-heterodyne

receiver over TRF receiver.
(10)
(ii) Explain PLL FM demodulator
(10)
(c) (i) A certain microstrip line has the following parameters:
r = 5.23, h = 8 mils
t = 2.8 mils, W = 10 mils.
Calculate the characteristic impedance Z0 of the line.
(10)
(ii) Compare linear broadside arrays having uniform, binomial and Dolph – Tchebyscheff
distributions.
(10)
7. (a) (i) Draw the field lines and equipotential surface when a point charge is placed near an
infinite grounded conducting plane.
(10)
(ii) Derive the expression for the force between the point charge and the conductor with
the help of the above concept.
(5)
(iii) Explain the cause of polarisation in a dielectric.
(5)
(b) (i) Explain the difference between coherent and non coherent detection of ON/OFF
keying signals.
(10)
 (ii) State the Carson’s rule, Given that the peak deviation is 75 kHz, determine, using
Carson’s rule, the bandwidths required for sinusoidal EM indexes of 0.25, 2.4, 5.5 and
7.
(10)
(c) Show that the radiation resistance of a small loop antenna is 31200 (A/2)2 ohm.
(20)
8. (a) (i) Explain with the help of neat diagram, the operation of a Schmitt trigger employing
OP-AMP.
(10)
(ii) With OP-AMP draw a circuit of a unity gain amplifier having no phase shift and give
its one practical application.
(5)
(iii) Draw the circuit of a two input adder with OP-AMP and explain its operation.
(5)
(b) (i) ‘Transformer is a constant-flux machine’. Justify.
(10)
(ii) Explain logically why primary current increases when secondary side is loaded.
(5)
(iii) Derive a condition for maximum efficiency of a transformer
(5)
(c) An ideal chopper operating with a chopping period of 2 m sec is supplying a load of 5 
resistance with inductance of 10 mHenry, from a battery of 100 volts. Assume the shunt
diode to provide perfect commutation. Determine the load current waveform for the ratio
TOFF/ON = 1/4 and average value of load voltage.
(20)
C.S.E.-Main-2007

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

PAPER - II
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum marks: 300
Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining
questions selecting at least one question from each Section.

SECTION A

1. Answer any THREE of the following:

(3 x 20 = 60)
(a) Hicks clinical thermometer measures human body temperature. The instruction is to wait for
half-a-minute before taking the reading. Is it because the measuring system is a:
(i) zero order system with a pure time delay of hall-a- minute ?
(ii) first order system with a time constant greater than half-a-minute ?
(iii) first order system with a time constant equal to half-a-minute ?
(iv) first order system with a time constant less than half-a-minute ?
Justify your answer.
(20)
(b) Enumerate the different kinds of head type flow meters used in the industry. What kinds of
restrictions are placed in the flow path for flow measurement? Develop the relationship
between flow and pressure differential from physical principles.
Why is it that a rotameter is considered a standard in flow measurement ?
(20)
(c) Give a brief account of application of computers in the study, analysis and control of power
systems.
(20)
(d) Colour sub-carrier (3.58 MHz tar FCC standard and 4.43 MHz for CUR standard) is chosen
as some odd multiple of one-half of line frequency. Justify the statement.
(20)
2. (a) What is the difference between a microcomputer and a micro-process ? What type of data is
stored in the memory of a microcomputer ? How much memories can a typical 8-bit micro-
process access? What are the condition flags and why are they important ? Write the
advantage of the indexed address mode compared to the direct addressing mode. Draw the
time diagram of out instruction for 8085 micro-process.
(20)
(b) A constant load of 330 MW is supplied by two 250 MW generators, 1 and 2, for which the
respective incremental fuel costs are:
 dF1 dF2
 0.12 P1  22, and  0.10 P2  16
dP1 dP2
with powers P n MW and costs F in Rs./hr Determine:
(i) most economic operating schedule of the generators, and
(ii) the saving in Rs./hr. thereby obtained compared to equal load sharing between them.
(20)
(c) Explain the sea waves phenomena and vortex motion of waves. Discuss the principles of two
possible devices used for generating electrical energy from the wave energy. Draw the block
diagram from wave energy device to utility grid. Write the relation for the potential power in
terms of height of wave and its time period. If the time period of a wave is 10 secs having
height 7 meters, estimate the power that can be generated.
(20)
3. (a) How is the surface layer of silicon dioxide formed ? How thick is this layer ? What are the
reasons for forming the silicon dioxide layer?
(20)
(b) A 25 MVA, 11 kV generator has Z1  Z 2  j 0.2 pu and Z 0  j 0.05 pu . For a line-to-ground
fault on the generator terminals, find:
(i) the fault current and
(ii) the line-to-line voltages during the fault condition.
Assume that the generator neutral is solidly grounded and that the generator is operating at no
load and at rated voltage at the time of occurrence of fault. Compare this fault current with
the line current for a three-phase fault at the terminals.
(20)

(c) (i) A power transformer is connected in / fashion. Draw the arrangement of the
current transformers (CTs) on either side of the transformer for Merz-Price circulating
current protection.
(ii) A distribution transformer is to be protected by over- current relays against all kinds
of fault. List the different kinds of fault and suggest the minimum number of over-
current relays required. How would those over-current relays be placed in the circuit ?
(iii) How would one protect a direct-on-line (DOL) start induction motor against
overload? Explain your choice.
(20)
4. (a) Discuss the physics of piezo-electric phenomena. Draw the equivalent circuit of a piezo-
electric transducer and derive the output voltage, Vout of transducer with applied force F.
Point out the four materials which exhibit the piezo-electric phenomena. Also write its
applications.
A piezo-electric pressure transducer having a charge sensitivity of 2 x 10–12 C/N is connected
to a charge amplifier, the gain being set to 5 mV/pC. The amplifier output is connected to an
ultraviolet chart recorder whose sensitivity is set to 25 mm/volt. Determine the overall
sensitivity.
(20)
(b) With the aid of a block schematic, describe the functioning of the receiving unit of a DBS
TV/FM receiving system intended for home reception.
(c) Consider an optical fiber with refractive index of the core 1.8 and of cladding 1.7; calculate:
 (i) Critical angle
(ii) Acceptance angle
(iii) Brewster angle
(iv) Numerical aperture.
(20)

SECTION B

5. Answer any THREE of the following:

(3x20=60)
(a) What do you understand by dielectric films? State any two dielectric film material and point
out their important properties and applications. Explain
(i) the orientation polarization,
(ii) electronic polarization; and
(iii) ionic polarization referred to polyatomic gas.
Discuss the effect of frequency on electronic polarization and ionic polarization. What is
electronegative gases? State the important features of SF6 and its applications.
(20)
(b) Find the gain and approximate input impedance of the accompanying circuit. What is its
bandwidth? What is this circuit called and for what purpose it is used as instrumentation ?

Analyze the following three Op-Amp based instrumentations amplifier and find its gain.
What is its approximate input impedance ?

Assume that the Op-Amps are ideal.

(20)
 (c) Explain why it is more difficult to interrupt short-circuit current in an HVDC circuit than that
in an HVAC circuit.
(20)
(d) In a certain communication system, the message is coded into binary digits 0 and 1. After
coding, the probability of a 0 being sent is 0.45, while the probability of a 1 being sent is
0.55. In the communication channel, the probability of a transmitted 0 being converted into a
1 at the receiver is 0.1, while the probability of a 1 being distorted into a 0 is 0.2. Find:
(i) the probability that a received 0 was transmitted as a 0, and
(ii) the probability that a received I was transmitted as a 1.
(20)
 1 0 0.375 0
6. (a) x   0 1 0.375 x   0  u
 
 1 1 1   1

Given that the above is a linear time-invariant (LTI) system, how would you check the
stability of the system ? If there is an unstable mode in the system, is it controllable? If the
unstable mode is controllable shift it to a stable position, say = –0.5, by state feedback.
(20)
(b) What are the design considerations for layering in data networks ? Discuss a seven-layer
network architecture with a diagram.
(23)
(c) Why and to what degree do optical signals get degraded as they propagate along a fiber ?
Discuss in detail.
(23)
7. (a) Which I/O technique provides the highest data transfer rate ? Explain the function of DMA.
Draw the block diagram of a DMA controller with memory interfacing. What is meant by
simultaneous DMA ? List three different DMA modes for transferring data. How is the DMA
controller is programmed ? Are special buffers required when interfaces a DMA controller ?
(20)
(b) A radar receiver has a low noise RF amplifier of noise figure 6 dB and gain 20 dB followed
by a mixer of noise figure 6 dB and conversion loss of 6 dB. If the noise figure of IF pre-
amplifier is 3 dB with a gain of 26 dB and that of IF main amplifier is 10 dB, obtain the noise
figure of the receiver and its noise temperature.
(20)
(c) Draw the waveform at the end of one of the vertical fields, showing a horizontal and a
vertical blanking pulse. Indicate the duration and relative amplitudes of two pulses and
explain their functions. Where are synchronizing pulses placed? Does it matter that there are
no horizontal blanking purses during vertical blanking period ?
(23)
8. (a) A Wheatstone bridge has resistances R1, R2, R3, and R4 in its four arms. The bridge is excited
by E volts dc. Assuming that the ratio of arms R1 and R2 are equal, the bridge is initially
balanced with R3 equal to R4. A slight unbalance (R3 ± R3) is created by R3. Show that the
unbalance voltage, V0, is directly proportional to (R3/R3) as long (R3/R3) << 1.
What is the condition for maximizing the sensitivity ?
(20)
(b) The figure below shows a generator-transformer unit feeding 1.0 pu power to the infinite bus
through a double-circuit transmission line with the generator terminal voltage of V1 = 1.0 pu.
Compute the generator e.m.f. behind transient reactance. Also find the maximum power that
can be transferred when
(i) the system is operating under healthy condition,
(ii) one line is shorted (three-phase) in the middle, and
(iii) one line is open.
(20)

(c) What do you understand by energy conservation ? What is the economics of energy
conservation ? Point out the strategic measures for energy conservation.
Show that for a given load current I, if power factor is improved from 0.7 to 0.9, the useful
power can be enhanced by 28.6% of the existing system. Comment on the losses due to
power factor improvement.
(20)