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Exercises 11

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Exercises 11

Uploaded by

Huy Anh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Vector and Matrix Algebra Problem sheet 11 Autumn 2024

1 1
1. Determine the polar form of 1 − 3i. What is 2
+ ?
(1 − 3i) (1 + 3i)2
2. Let z, w ∈ C such that |z| = 5, |w| = 3. What is |zw|, |z/w|, |z + w|, |z − w|? If some cannot be
determined exactly then give lower and upper bounds for them.
3. True or false?
(i) Every complex number has a square root.
(ii) Every complex number has a 100-th root.
(iii) If a complex number is not real then its square root is not real.
(iv) If a complex number is purely imaginary then its square root is purely imaginary.
(v) The square root(s) of a negative real number are purely imaginary.

4. Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the following rank 1 matrices:


     
0  0 0 0 1  √
  xyT
A =  1  3 −2 0 =  3 −2 0  ; B= π  2 −1 −1 ; C= .
xT y
2 6 −4 0 −π

5. Simon says: “every triangular matrix has its eigenvalues on the diagonal.” Is he right?
6. HW Find four independent eigenvectors of D and thus diagonalise it!
 
0 1 1 1
 1 0 1 1 
D=  1 1 0 1 .

1 1 1 0

7. Find the eigenvalues of the following permutation matrix:


 
0 0 0 1
 1 0 0 0 
P =  0 1 0 0 .

0 0 1 0

8. Suppose AX = XΛ with X invertible. Which is true?


(i) If X is triangular then A is triangular.
(ii) If A is triangular then X is triangular.
(iii) The columns of (X −1 )T are eigenvectors of AT .

9. Let g0 = 0 and g1 = 1. For n > 1 define gn = gn−1 +g2


n−2
. (This sequence of consecutive means is
sometimes called “Gibonacci” series.) Using matrices determine a formula for gn and show that gn → 2/3.
10. Diagonalise A to X −1 AX = Λ and determine the limits Λn → Λ∞ and An → A∞ .
 
0 0.2 0.4
A = 0.3 0.4
 0.5 
0.7 0.4 0.1

11. Determine the cubic roots of −2 + 2i.


12. Find all complex numbers z such that z 2 + (2i − 2)z − 2 − 2i = 0.

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