M18/5/FURMA/HP1/ENG/TZ0/XX

Further mathematics
Higher level
Paper 1

Thursday 17 May 2018 (afternoon)

2 hours 30 minutes

Instructions to candidates
yyDo not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.
yyAnswer all questions.
yyUnless otherwise stated in the question, all numerical answers should be given exactly or
correct to three significant figures.
yyA graphic display calculator is required for this paper.
yyA clean copy of the mathematics HL and further mathematics HL formula booklet is
required for this paper.
yyThe maximum mark for this examination paper is [150 marks].

2218 – 7101
7 pages © International Baccalaureate Organization 2018
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Full marks are not necessarily awarded for a correct answer with no working. Answers must be
supported by working and/or explanations. In particular, solutions found from a graphic display
calculator should be supported by suitable working. For example, if graphs are used to find a solution,
you should sketch these as part of your answer. Where an answer is incorrect, some marks may be
given for a correct method, provided this is shown by written working. You are therefore advised to
show all working.

1. [Maximum mark: 9]

(a) Use the Euclidean algorithm to find the greatest common divisor of 74 and 383. [4]

(b) Hence find integers s and t such that 74s + 383t = 1 . [5]

2. [Maximum mark: 6]

Let A2 = 2A + I where A is a 2 × 2 matrix.

(a) Show that A4 = 12A + 5I . [3]

4 2 
Let B =  .
1 −3

k 0 
(b) Given that B 2 – B – 4I =   , find the value of k . [3]
0 k 

3. [Maximum mark: 7]

(a) A number written in base 5 is 4303. Find this as a number written in base 10. [2]

(b) 1000 is a number written in base 10. Find this as a number written in base 7. [5]
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4. [Maximum mark: 12]

The transformations T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 , in the plane are defined as follows:

T1 : A rotation of 360 about the origin

T2 : An anticlockwise rotation of 270 about the origin
T3 : A rotation of 180 about the origin
T4 : An anticlockwise rotation of 90 about the origin.

(a) Copy and complete the following Cayley table for the transformations of T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 ,
under the operation of composition of transformations.

T1 T2 T3 T4

T1 T1 T2 T3 T4

T2 T2

T3 T3

T4 T4
[2]

(b) (i) Show that T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 under the operation of composition of transformations

form a group. Associativity may be assumed.

(ii) Show that this group is cyclic. [4]

The transformation T5 is defined as a reflection in the x-axis.

(c) Write down the 2 × 2 matrices representing T3 , T4 and T5 . [3]

(d) The transformation T is defined as the composition of T3 followed by T5 followed

by T4 .

(i) Find the 2 × 2 matrix representing T .

(ii) Give a geometric description of the transformation T . [3]

5. [Maximum mark: 7]

∞
1
Use the integral test to determine whether or not ∑n converges. [7]
( ln n )
2
n=2

Turn over
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6. [Maximum mark: 9]

(a) Consider the integers between 1 and 20 inclusive.

Let A = {multiples of 2} , B = {multiples of 3} , C = {multiples of 4} .
Find the elements in each of the following sets,

(i) A ∩ (B ∪ C) ;

(ii) A \ (B \ C) . [5]

(b) Let M = {x : x is an integer multiple of 10} and let N = {x : x is an integer multiple of 5}

Prove that M is a proper subset of N . [4]

7. [Maximum mark: 9]

A sample of size 100 is taken from a normal population with unknown mean µ and known
variance 36.

(a) An investigator wishes to test the hypotheses H0 : µ = 65 , H1 : µ > 65 .

He decides on the following acceptance criteria:

Accept H0 if the sample mean x ≤ 66.5
Accept H1 if x > 66.5

Find the probability of a Type I error. [3]

(b) Another investigator decides to use the same data to test the hypotheses
H0 : µ = 65 , H1 : µ = 67.9 .

(i) She decides to use the same acceptance criteria as the previous investigator.
Find the probability of a Type II error.

(ii) Find the critical value for x if she wants the probabilities of a Type I error and a
Type II error to be equal. [6]
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8. [Maximum mark: 13]

Consider the simultaneous linear equations

x+z=-1
3x + y + 2z = 1
2x + ay - z = b
where a and b are constants.

(a) Using row reduction, find the solutions in terms of a and b when a ≠ 3 . [8]

(b) Explain why the equations have no unique solution when a = 3 . [1]

(c) Find all the solutions to the equations when a = 3 , b = 10 in the form r = s + λt . [4]

9. [Maximum mark: 13]

(a) Given that A is the interval {x : 0 ≤ x ≤ 3} and B is the interval {y : 0 ≤ y ≤ 4} then

describe A × B in geometric form. [3]

(b) Let f :  ×  →  ×  be defined by f (x , y) = (x + 3y , 2x - y) .

(i) Show that the function f is a bijection.

(ii) Hence find the inverse function f -1 . [10]

10. [Maximum mark: 12]

(a) By considering the images of the points (1, 0) and (0, 1),

(i) determine the 2 × 2 matrix P which represents a reflection in the line

y = (tan θ)x ;

(ii) determine the 2 × 2 matrix Q which represents an anticlockwise rotation of θ

about the origin. [5]

(b) Describe the transformation represented by the matrix PQ . [5]

(c) A matrix M is said to be orthogonal if M TM = I where I is the identity. Show that Q is

orthogonal. [2]

Turn over
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11. [Maximum mark: 12]

y−x
Given that y is a function of x , the function z is given by z = , where x ∈  , x ≠ 3 ,
y + x ≠ 0. y+x

dz 2  dy 
(a) Show that = 2 
x − y. [3]
dx ( y + x )  d x 

 dy 
(b) Show that the differential equation f ( x)  x − y  = y 2 − x 2 can be written as
dz  dx 
f ( x) = 2z . [2]
dx

 dy 
(c) Hence show that the solution to the differential equation ( x − 3)  x − y  = y2 − x2
 dx 
y − x  x −3
2

given that x = 4 when y = 5 is =  . [7]

y+x  3 

12. [Maximum mark: 15]

(a) Solve the recurrence relation un = 4un-1 - 4un-2 given that u0 = u1 = 1 . [6]

Consider vn which satisfies the recurrence relation 2vn = 7vn-1 - 3vn-2 subject to the initial
conditions v0 = v1 = 1 .

n
41 1
(b) Prove by using strong induction that vn =   + (3) n for n ∈  . [9]
52 5

13. [Maximum mark: 9]

 2 −4 
Consider the matrix M =  .
 −1 −1

(a) Show that the linear transformation represented by M transforms any point on the line
y = x to a point on the same line. [2]

(b) Explain what happens to points on the line 4y + x = 0 when they are transformed
by M . [3]

(c) State the two eigenvalues of M . [2]

(d) State two eigenvectors of M which correspond to the two eigenvalues. [2]
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14. [Maximum mark: 8]

At an early stage in analysing the marks scored by candidates in an examination paper,

the examining board takes a random sample of 250 candidates and finds that the marks, x ,
of these candidates give ∑ x = 10985 and ∑ x 2 = 598736 .

(a) Calculate a 90% confidence interval for the population mean mark µ for this paper. [4]

(b) The null hypothesis µ = 46.5 is tested against the alternative hypothesis µ < 46.5
at the λ% significance level. Determine the set of values of λ for which the null
hypothesis is rejected in favour of the alternative hypothesis. [4]

15. [Maximum mark: 9]

Given that the tangents at the points P and Q on the parabola y2 = 4ax are perpendicular,
find the locus of the midpoint of PQ. [9]