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7 views

Untitled Document

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Areej Fatima
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IT Notes

1.1 Network Hardware:

● Computer network:
A computer network is a system in which multiple computers
are connected to each other to share information and resources.

● Broadband network:
Broadband is the transmission of wide bandwidth data over
a high speed internet connection.

● Servers and storage:


1. A server is a computer
2. It stores and sends messages and files to users and to devices such as
printers
3. The Job of a server is to make sure files go to the person or devices
that they are intended for.
● What can a server do?:
1. It can receive a word file and can store it in a network storage
system.
2. Find a spreadsheet for the network and store it in your computer.
3. Receive an email and pass it to someone on the other end.
4. Receive a request from a printer and send it to the printer for
printing.
5. Servers store data like a computer.

● Hubs and switches:


1. When the network is busy , extra messages by the hub may slow the
network down.
2. A hub is less secure than switches.
3. Hacker has more chance of stealing the ,essages
4. A switch is more expensive than a hub but it also more secure and
works faster.
5. When a hub receives a message it sends it to all computers
6. But when a switch receives a message it can chose which computer to
send the message to

● Router & Modem:


1. Routers joins two networks together. Routers are usually used to
connect a LAN or home network.
2. Modem works like a translator between two different networks. It
takes data from one network and translates it into form that can be
understood by the second network.

● Wireless access point:


1. Wireless connection allows devices like laptop and tablets can
connect to the network without using wires.
2. A wireless connection needs a special hardware called WAP.
(Wireless access point).
3. A WAP is connected to the network by cable but other devices can
connect to WAP without wires. Several computers can connected to a
WAP.
● Network interface Card:
1. NIC allows computer to connect to a network.
2. A standard desktop or laptop will fitted with two NICs
a. One allows network cable to be plugged in.
b. The other allow a wireless connection.
1.2 home network

• Internet signals reach our home through telephone connections or special


broadband cables.

• When an internet connection reaches our home it is connected to a device


called a home router.
• Home router contains four special components
• Router connects your home to internet.
• A modem converts the signals to digital data.
• A switch makes sure that messages coming into your home are sent
to the correct computer.
• A WAP lets you to connect to the network wirelessly.

• LAN is much bigger than the home network but it contain the same
components. The components in LAN are larger.
• LAN equipment is spread around the building. The equipment is stored in
cabinets that either stand on the floor or attached to the wall.
• Connecting LAN components:
• Network components like servers and switches are connected by
cables.
• Two types of cables

• Advantages and Disadvantages of Copper and Fiber Optic cables


1. More data can be sent at faster speed along fiber optics.
2. Fiber optics can be used over long distances than copper. Electric
pulses fade as they travel. Copper cables can be used over distances of
100 meters.
3. Copper cables are cheaper than fiber optics.
• The server room
• Server room contains all the servers in a network. It also contains hubs
and switches so that rest of the network can connected to the server.

• Hub Room:
If we have to connect a building that is too far away from the server room then we
need the help of hub room. Hub room contains only switches and hubs in order to
establish connection with the server room.

Ls 1.3 sending messages over the internet:

• Internet helps us in sending and receiving messages. These include simple


text messages, audio ,video and photographs.
• In computer text messages and videos are treated as same they are both
digital data.
• Computer stores all data in the form of 0s and 1s.
What are Packets?
Messages sent over the internet is split into smaller sections these smaller
sections are called packets.
• A packet is about the size of 550 characters.
• If we look inside a packet it would be 0s and 1s (digital data).
• When the packets reaches its destination they must be put back
together into the original message.
• Each packet is numbered so that message can be put back together in
right order.
What does a router do?
Every packet in a network will pass through the router one after the other.
What does a server do?
Each packet will jump from server to server until it reaches its correct
destinations.

• A router is a machine that sits between networks. When it receives a packet


it will look at the destination address and decide how to send the packet
there.
• A server is an endpoint on a network just like your PC or cell phone is. A
server receives a request and performs some sort of action, such as sending
you a web page.
• The router is a flagger directing traffic. The server is a destination at the
end of a road.

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